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(→‎Abbreviations: added CHEI)
m (→‎Abbreviations: updated with 3 accreditation pages and 2 universities)
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''Added 8 June 2008:'' [[FELI]], [[GELI]], [[MELI]] and [[NELI]].
''Added 8 June 2008:'' [[FELI]], [[GELI]], [[MELI]] and [[NELI]].
 
# [[AABSC]] stands for the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business
# [[AAOU]] stands for the [[Asian Association of Open Universities]]
# [[AAOU]] stands for the [[Asian Association of Open Universities]]
# [[AIOU]] stands for the [[Allama Iqbal Open University]] ([[Pakistan]])
# [[AIOU]] stands for the [[Allama Iqbal Open University]] ([[Pakistan]])
# [[ALFA]] stands for [[América Latina - Formación Académica]], a programme of cooperation between higher education institutions of the European Union and Latin America
# [[ALFA]] stands for [[América Latina - Formación Académica]], a programme of cooperation between higher education institutions of the European Union and Latin America
# [[AMBA]] stands for The Association of MBAs
# [[ANCED]] stands for the [[Asociación Nacional de Centros de e-Learning y Distancia]] ([[Spain]])
# [[ANCED]] stands for the [[Asociación Nacional de Centros de e-Learning y Distancia]] ([[Spain]])
# [[AQF]] stands for [[Australian Qualifications Framework]]
# [[AQF]] stands for [[Australian Qualifications Framework]]
Line 46: Line 47:
# [[CANARIE]] stands for [[Canadian Network for the Advancement of Research, Industry and Education]], the [[NREN]] in Canada
# [[CANARIE]] stands for [[Canadian Network for the Advancement of Research, Industry and Education]], the [[NREN]] in Canada
# [[CARET]] stands for the Centre for Applied Research in Educational Technologies at the University of Cambridge
# [[CARET]] stands for the Centre for Applied Research in Educational Technologies at the University of Cambridge
# [[CBS]] stands for [[Copenhagen Business School]]
# [[CCi]] stands for [[Corinthian Colleges]], Inc. ([[US]])
# [[CCi]] stands for [[Corinthian Colleges]], Inc. ([[US]])
# [[CCRTVU]] stands for the [[China Central Radio & TV University]]
# [[CCRTVU]] stands for the [[China Central Radio & TV University]]
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# [[DIUS]] is the ''Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills'' of the [[UK]]
# [[DIUS]] is the ''Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills'' of the [[UK]]
# [[DVD]] stands for Digital Versatile Disk (no longer Digital Video Disk)
# [[DVD]] stands for Digital Versatile Disk (no longer Digital Video Disk)
# [[DTU]] stands for [[Technical University of Denmark]]
# [[DVU]] stands for [[Danish Virtual University]]
# [[EADTU]] stands for the [[European Association of Distance Teaching Universities]]
# [[EADTU]] stands for the [[European Association of Distance Teaching Universities]]
# [[E.A.S.Y.]] stands for [[Agency for Easy Access to Virtual Campus]]
# [[E.A.S.Y.]] stands for [[Agency for Easy Access to Virtual Campus]]
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# [[ENQA]] stands for the [[European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education]]
# [[ENQA]] stands for the [[European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education]]
# [[EQUEL]] stands for [[E-quality in e-learning research Laboratoire]]
# [[EQUEL]] stands for [[E-quality in e-learning research Laboratoire]]
# [[EQUIS]] stands for European Quality Improvement System
# [[EQO]] stands for [[European Quality Observatory]]
# [[EQO]] stands for [[European Quality Observatory]]
# [[eRNIST]] stands for [[European Research Network for ICT in Schools of Tomorrow]]
# [[eRNIST]] stands for [[European Research Network for ICT in Schools of Tomorrow]]

Revision as of 16:41, 9 March 2009

This is (to be) a full list of abbreviations for organisations and other activities of relevance to Re.ViCa.

A number of technical abbreviations are added - these do not link to Re.ViCa wiki pages. They are included as they are codes to avoid when creating or selecting codes for institutions and other entities.

Two-character codes are discouraged except when they are country codes but some are so common that we have been forced to adopt them.

Single-character codes are forbidden as they are used for various technical purposes.

Editors! Always check abbreviations first with Google and Acronym finder!

> Index


Abbreviations

(other than 2-character country codes and 1-character codes for technical use)

The following list has been extracted from the list developed for The e-University Compendium and then further developed.

It is aimed to contain the standard abbreviations for all entities, institutions, programmes (especially MELIs etc) and projects of interest in the countries of most interest - plus for open/distance teaching universities across the world.

Added 8 June 2008: FELI, GELI, MELI and NELI.

  1. AABSC stands for the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business
  2. AAOU stands for the Asian Association of Open Universities
  3. AIOU stands for the Allama Iqbal Open University (Pakistan)
  4. ALFA stands for América Latina - Formación Académica, a programme of cooperation between higher education institutions of the European Union and Latin America
  5. AMBA stands for The Association of MBAs
  6. ANCED stands for the Asociación Nacional de Centros de e-Learning y Distancia (Spain)
  7. AQF stands for Australian Qualifications Framework
  8. AUQA stands for the Australian Universities Quality Agency
  9. AUTH stands for Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Greece)
  10. ARIADNE stands for Alliance of Remote Instructional Authoring and Distribution Networks for Europe
  11. ARIEL stands for Analysing and Reporting the Implementation of Electronic Learning in Europe
  12. ASEAN stands for Association of Southeast Asian Nations
  13. ATN stands for Australian Technology Network (of universities)
  14. AUCC stands for the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada
  15. AULP stands for Associação das Universidades de Língua Portuguesa (Association of Universities in the Language of Portuguese)
  16. AUT stands for Auckland University of Technology - no longer for Association of University Teachers which does not now exist
  17. BBE stands for Business of Borderless Education (report)
  18. BCOU stands for British Columbia Open University (now absorbed into Thompson Rivers University)
  19. BECTa was the former name for Becta
  20. Becta stands for British Educational Communications and Technology Agency (UK) but the long form is rarely used now
  21. BELNET stands for the Belgian Research and Education Network
  22. BFSU stands for Beijing Foreign Studies University
  23. BNU stands for Beijing Normal University
  24. BOU stands for the Bangladesh Open University
  25. BTVU stands for Beijing Radio & TV University‎ (China)
  26. CANARIE stands for Canadian Network for the Advancement of Research, Industry and Education, the NREN in Canada
  27. CARET stands for the Centre for Applied Research in Educational Technologies at the University of Cambridge
  28. CBS stands for Copenhagen Business School
  29. CCi stands for Corinthian Colleges, Inc. (US)
  30. CCRTVU stands for the China Central Radio & TV University
  31. CERNET stands for the China Education and Research Network
  32. CETIS stands for Centre for Educational Technology Interoperability Standards but the long form is rarely used now (UK)
  33. CEVU stands for Collaborative European Virtual University
  34. CHEA stands for Council for Higher Education Accreditation (US) - agency
  35. CHEI stands for Council for Higher Education, Israel
  36. CHEMS stands for Commonwealth Higher Education Management Service - now ceased
  37. CMEC stands for the Council of Ministers of Education, Canada
  38. CNED stands for Centre National d'Enseignement à Distance. In French the abbreviation is Cned.
  39. CNAVES was the Portuguese agency for quality in higher education. It closed in 2007 and is now replaced by another body.
  40. CNFD stands for Campus Numérique Francophone de Dakar
  41. COL stands for Commonwealth of Learning
  42. CPLP stands for Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa (Community of Portuguese Language Countries),
  43. CRUP stands for Conselho de Reitores das Universidades Portuguesas (Portugal)
  44. CVU stands for Canadian Virtual University. It was also used in the past for Clyde Virtual University.
  45. DCSF is the Department for Children, Schools and Families of the UK
  46. DCU stands for Dublin City University, Ireland - the host of OSCAIL
  47. DDU stands for the Dutch Digital University (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation DU commonly used in Netherlands
  48. DELNI is the Department for Employment and Learning, Northern Ireland
  49. DELOS stands for Developing a European e-learning Observation System
  50. DEST is a department now merged into DEEWR
  51. DEEWR is the Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations in Australia
  52. DETYA stood for Department of Education, Training and Youth Affairs (Australia), later called DEST
  53. DfEE stands for the former Department for Education and Employment of the UK, a very old name for DfES
  54. DfES stands for the former Department for Education and Skills of the UK, now split into DCSF and DIUS
  55. DFID stands for Department for International Development of the UK
  56. DGAU stands for Dennis Gabor Applied University (Hungary)
  57. DISC stands for Distance and Educational Study Center (Germany)
  58. DIUS is the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills of the UK
  59. DVD stands for Digital Versatile Disk (no longer Digital Video Disk)
  60. DTU stands for Technical University of Denmark
  61. DVU stands for Danish Virtual University
  62. EADTU stands for the European Association of Distance Teaching Universities
  63. E.A.S.Y. stands for Agency for Easy Access to Virtual Campus
  64. eChina stands for the Sino-UK eLearning Programme
  65. ECTS stands for European Credit Transfer System, sometimes called the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System
  66. EdiNet stands for E-learning in Distributed Data Network Laboratory
  67. eduGI stands for Reuse and Sharing of e-Learning Courses in GI Science Education
  68. EeU stands for Estonian e-University
  69. EFQM stands for European Foundation for Quality Management
  70. eLene-TT stands for e-Learning Network for Teacher Training
  71. e-LERU stands for League of European Research Universities virtual campus
  72. ELUE stands for Improving quality of e-learning in universities
  73. ELWA stood for Education and Learning Wales but is no longer used - see HEFCW
  74. ELDDA stands for e-Learning Digital Dashboard
  75. E-move stands for An Operational Conception of Virtual Mobility
  76. EML stands for Educational Markup Language
  77. eMM and EMM stand for the e-Learning Maturity Model for benchmarking e-learning
  78. ENQA stands for the European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education
  79. EQUEL stands for E-quality in e-learning research Laboratoire
  80. EQUIS stands for European Quality Improvement System
  81. EQO stands for European Quality Observatory
  82. eRNIST stands for European Research Network for ICT in Schools of Tomorrow
  83. ESP-T stands for English for Specific Purposes: Therapeutic Professions
  84. ESRC stands for Economic and Social Research Council (UK)
  85. ESEN stands for European Small and medium entreprise E-learning Network
  86. ETT.Campus stands for European Teachers and Trainers campus
  87. e-Ttnet stands for Training of trainers network for e-learning
  88. EU stands for European Union
  89. e-U stands for the UK e-University (the one that became UKeU)
  90. EUA stands for European University Association
  91. EUNITE stands for European University Network for Information Technology in Education
  92. e-URBs stands for European Master in Comparative Urban Studies
  93. EUROMOVE stands for European Mobility through Virtual Education
  94. EVENE stands for Erasmus Virtual Economics & Management Studies Exchange
  95. EVICAB stands for European Virtual Campus for Biomedical Engineering
  96. FADE stands for the Finnish Association for Distance Education
  97. FE stands for Further Education (post-school, non-degree courses)
  98. Fe-ConE stands for Framework for e-learning Contents Evaluation
  99. FELI stands for Failed E-Learning Initiative
  100. FILTER stands for Economic filtering of knowledge
  101. FFCJ stands for Florida Community College‎ at Jacksonville, US
  102. FVU stands for Finnish Virtual University
  103. GELI stands for Giant E-Learning Initiative
  104. GTCS stands for Georgia Technical College System (US)
  105. GU8 stands for Global U8 Consortium
  106. GUA stands for Global University Alliance, but this phrase has multiple meanings
  107. GVU stands for Global Virtual University
  108. GVTC stands for Georgia Virtual Technical College (US)
  109. HCMCOU stands for Ho Chi Minh City Open University (Vietnam)
  110. HE stands for Higher Education (universities and similar institutions)
  111. HECS stands for the Higher Education Contribution Scheme, now replaced by the Higher Education Loan Programme (HELP)
  112. HEFCE stands for Higher Education Funding Council for England (UK)
  113. HEFCW stands for Higher Education Funding Council for Wales (UK)
  114. HEI stands for Higher Education Institution
  115. HELIOS stands for Horizontal E-Learning Integrated Observation System
  116. HERO stands for Higher Education and Research Opportunities (UK)
  117. HESA stands for Higher Education South Africa, an association of Rectors
  118. HETAC stands for the Higher Education and Training Awards Council (Ireland)
  119. HOU stands for the Hellenic Open University (Greece)
  120. HKU stands for University of Hong Kong
  121. HNRTVU stands for Henan Radio & TV University‎ (China)
  122. HUT used to be used for Helsinki University of Technology but we prefer TKK (Teknillinen KorkeaKoulu)
  123. IAU stands for International Association of Universities
  124. ICDE stands for the International Council for Open and Distance Education
  125. ICDL stands for the former International Centre for Distance Learning (at UKOU) - the database is still available to subscribers
  126. ICETEL stands for Improving Continuing Education and Training through e-learning
  127. IEC stands for the Idaho Electronic Campus
  128. IGNOU stands for Indira Gandhi National Open University (India)
  129. IMRTVU stands for Inner Mongolia Radio & TV University
  130. IMS used to stand for Instructional Management System (the initials IMS are no longer an acronym)
  131. ITESM stands for Instituto Tecnologico Superior de Monterrey - see Tecnológico de Monterrey (Mexico)
  132. IUA stands for the Irish Universities Association, Ireland (Republic)
  133. IVC stands for the Illinois Virtual Campus (US)
  134. JANET stands for Joint Academic NETwork (alleged originally to be a name significant to one of the original developers) (UK)
  135. JIU stands for Jones International University
  136. JPPSG stands for Joint Procurement Policy and Strategy Group (UK Higher Education)
  137. JSRTVU stands for Jiangsu Radio & TV University (China)
  138. KNOU stands for Korea National Open University
  139. KYVC and KYVU stand for Kentucky Virtual University
  140. LIFE stands for Learning Interoperability Framework for Europe
  141. LIVIUS stands for Learning in a Virtual Integrated University
  142. LSDA stands for the former Learning and Skills Development Agency (UK) - now split into LSN and QIA
  143. LTSC stands for Learning Technology Standards Committee (of IEEE)
  144. MASSIVE stands for Modelling Advice and Support Services to Integrate Virtual Component in Higher Education
  145. MASTER stand for Mobility, Assessment, Selection, Technology and E-Learning Research
  146. MELI stands for Major E-Learning Initiative
  147. MENU stands for Model for a European Networked University for e-Learning
  148. MESI stands for Moscow State University of Economics, Statistics and Informatics (Russia)
  149. MEXT stands for the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan
  150. MOO stands for Multi-User Dungeons, Object Oriented
  151. MPBOU stands for Madhya Pradesh Bhoj Open University (India)
  152. MVHS stands for Michigan Virtual High School (US) - see Michigan Virtual University
  153. MVS stands for Michigan Virtual School (US) - see Michigan Virtual University
  154. MVU stands for Michigan Virtual University (US)
  155. NADE stands for the Norwegian Association for Distance Education
  156. NDEC stands for the National Distance Education Centre of Ireland - Oscail in Irish
  157. NELI stands for Notable E-Learning Initiative
  158. NIME stands for the National Institute of Multimedia Education, Japan
  159. NJVU stands for New Jersey Virtual University (US)
  160. NKI stands for NKI Distance Education, the main distance learning provider in Norway
  161. NKS stands for NKS Nettstudier, sometimes called NKS Distance Education, Norway (to be carefully distinguished from NKI)
  162. NOKUT stands for Nasjonalt organ for kvalitet i utdanningen, the Norwegian Agency for Quality Assurance in Education
  163. NOU stands for Norway Opening Universities, the innovation programme in e-learning for HE in Norway
  164. NPTEL stands for National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (India)
  165. NQAI stands for the National Qualifications Authority of Ireland
  166. NREN stands for National Research and Education Network
  167. NSHU stands for the Swedish Agency for Networks and Cooperation in Higher Education, formerly called the Swedish Net University Agency - be careful to distinguish this from NHSU, the NHS University of the UK
  168. NSOU stands for Netaji Subhas Open University (India)
  169. NSU stands for Nova Southeastern University (US)
  170. NUCCAT stands for Northern Universities Consortium for Credit Accumulation and Transfer
  171. NUS stands for National University of Singapore
  172. NVU stands for Norwegian Networked University, an association in Norway
  173. NZQA stands for the New Zealand Qualifications Authority
  174. OBHE stands for the Observatory on Borderless Higher Education
  175. OECD stands for Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
  176. OISE stands for the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education - part of the University of Toronto, Canada
  177. OKI stands for Open Knowledge Initiative
  178. OLA stands for Open Learning Agency (British Columbia) – to be closed. It could also stand for Open Learning Australia.
  179. OLCOS stands for Open e-Learning Content Observatory Services
  180. OLF stands for Open Learning Foundation in the United Kingdom
  181. OPNZ stands for the Open Polytechnic of New Zealand
  182. OU is a common abbreviation for UK Open University - we try to use UKOU instead
  183. OUHK stands for Open University of Hong Kong
  184. OUI stands for Open University of Israel
  185. OUJ stands for the Open University of Japan, formerly the University of the Air
  186. UOA stands for Open Universities Australia -- formerly Open Learning Australia
  187. ORMEE stands for Observatory on Rights Management for e-Learning in Europe
  188. OUN stands for Open Universiteit Nederland
  189. OUS stands for the Open University of Sudan
  190. OUSL stands for the Open University of Sri Lanka
  191. PANdora stands for Pan Asia Networking distance and open resource access, a study project
  192. PLATO stands for ICT Platform for Online Learning and Experiences Accreditation in the Mobility Programme
  193. PnM or PNM stand for Pick&Mix
  194. PNU stands for Payame Noor University (Iran)
  195. PUP OUS stands for Polytechnic University of the Philippines Open University System
  196. PROMETEUS stands for PROmoting Multimedia access to Education and Training in EUropean Society
  197. PRTVU stands for one of the provincial-level Radio & TV universities in China
  198. PSU stands for Pennsylvania State University (US) - see Penn State World Campus
  199. PUW stands for Polski Uniwersytet Wirtualny, the Polish Virtual University
  200. QAA stands for Quality Assurance Agency (for Higher Education in the UK)
  201. QCA stands for Qualifications and Curriculum Authority (UK)
  202. QOU stands for Al-Quds Open University (Palestine)
  203. QUADEM stands for Quality Assessment of Digital Educational Materials
  204. QUAL-E-LEARNING stands for La qualité de l'eLearning
  205. REVE stands for REal Virtual Erasmus
  206. RIO stands for Reusable Information Object (as at Cisco)
  207. RLO stands for Reusable Learning Object (as at Cisco)
  208. RMIT stands for Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (former name for RMIT) (Australia)
  209. RRU stands for Royal Roads University (Canada)
  210. SCONUL stands for Society of College, National and University Libraries
  211. SCORM stands for Sharable Course (or Courseware or Content) Object Reference Model
  212. SCQF stands for Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework (UK)
  213. SCRTVU stands for Sichuan Radio & TV University (China) -- see also SRTVU
  214. SEEL stands for Supporting Excellence in eLearning
  215. SEEQUEL stands for Sustainable Environment for the Evaluation of Quality in eLearning
  216. SFC stands for the Scottish Funding Council (UK)
  217. SFEFC stood for the former Scottish Further Education Funding Council, now part of the Scottish Funding Council (UK)
  218. SFU stands for Simon Fraser University, in Vancouver, Canada
  219. SHEFC stands for the former Scottish Higher Education Funding Council, now part of the Scottish Funding Council (UK)
  220. SHTVU stands for Shanghai TV University -- see also STVU
  221. SHU stands for Sheffield Hallam University (UK)
  222. SRTVU stands for Sichuan Radio & TV University (China) -- see also SCRTVU
  223. SREB stands for Southern Regional Electronic Board (Electronic Campus)
  224. STOU stands for Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University (Thailand)
  225. STVU stands for Shanghai TV University -- see also SHTVU
  226. SURF stands for the Dutch educational network (Netherlands)
  227. SURFnet stands for SURF network (Netherlands)
  228. SVC stands for Swiss Virtual Campus
  229. SVU stands for Syrian Virtual University
  230. SXRTVU stands for Shaanxi Radio and Television University (China)
  231. SYTVU stands for Shenyang Radio & TV University (China)
  232. TechBC stand for the former Technical University of British Columbia, Canada
  233. TÉLUQ (and various variants) stands for the Télé-université du Québec, now part of the Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM)
  234. TGOU stands for the The Global Open University of Zambia
  235. TJRTVU stands for Tianjin Radio & TV University, China
  236. TKK stands for Helsinki University of Technology (Teknillinen korkeakoulu)
  237. TLTP stands for Teaching and Learning Technology Programme (UK)
  238. TNOU stands for Tamil Nadu Open University (India)
  239. TQEF stands for Teaching Quality Enhancement Fund (UK)
  240. TRU stands for Thompson Rivers University (Canada)
  241. U21 stands for Universitas 21
  242. UAb stands for Universidade Aberta (Portugal), the Portuguese Open University
  243. UAE stands for United Arab Emirates (the country)
  244. UB stands for University of Baltimore (US)
  245. UCAS stands for Universities and Colleges Admissions System (UK)
  246. UCF stands for University of Central Florida (US)
  247. UCISA stands for the Universities and Colleges Information Systems Association (UK)
  248. UEF stands for the University of Eastern Finland
  249. Ufi (or sometimes UFI) stands for University for Industry, who deliver learndirect (UK)
  250. UHI stands for University of the Highlands and Islands (Scotland) (UK)
  251. UKeU is the UK e-University, more properly called UK eUniversities Worldwide Limited
  252. UKEU stands for UKeU
  253. UKOLN stands for UK Office for Library and Information Networking (UK)
  254. UKOU stands for UK Open University
  255. UNE stands for University of New England (US)
  256. UMUC stands for University of Maryland University College (US)
  257. UNE stands for University of New England (US)
  258. UNED stands for Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (Spain)
  259. UNINETT is the National Education and Research Network for Norway
  260. UniSA stands for University of South Australia
  261. UNESCO stands for the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
  262. UNISIM or UniSIM stands for SIM University (Singapore)
  263. UOC stands for Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, the Open University of Catalonia
  264. UOPX stands for University of Phoenix (US)
  265. UPM stands for Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, the Technical University of Madrid (Spain)
  266. UPRTOU stands for U.P. Rajarshi Tandon Open University (India)
  267. UQAM stands for the Université du Québec à Montréal (Canada)
  268. USP stands for the University of the South Pacific (online learning)
  269. USQ stands for University of Southern Queensland
  270. UT stands for University of Twente (Netherlands) but also Universitas Terbuka (Indonesia) - do not use
  271. UTPL stands for Universidad Tecnica Particular de Loja (Ecuador)
  272. UUK stands for Universities UK
  273. UVF stands for Université Virtuelle Francophone
  274. UVT stands for Université Virtuelle de Tunis
  275. VCSE stands for Virtual Campus for A Sustainable Europe
  276. VEBS stands for Virtual European Banking School
  277. VENUS stands for Virtual and E-mobility for Networking Universities in Society
  278. VHB stands for Bavarian Virtual University (Germany)
  279. ViCaDiS stands for Virtual Campus for Digital Students
  280. VICTORIOUS stands for VIrtual Curricula ThrOugh Reliable InterOperating University Systems
  281. VIPA stands for VIrtual campus for virtual space design Provided for european Architects
  282. VMOUstands for Vardhaman Mahaveer Open University (India)
  283. VU stands for Pakistan Virtual University or Virtual University of Pakistan
  284. VUSME stands for Virtual University for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises
  285. WCET stands for Western Cooperative for Educational Telecommunications
  286. WGU stands for Western Governors University
  287. WHOLE stands for Web-based health Organisations Learning Environment
  288. WTO stands for World Trade Organisation
  289. XML stands for Extensible Markup Language
  290. YCMOU stands for Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University (India)
  291. YRTVU stands for Yunnan Radio & TV University (China)
  292. ZFH stands for Zentralstelle für Fernstudien an Fachhochschulen (Germany)
  293. ZOU stands for Zimbabwe Open University

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