Central African Republic

by Graham Clarke

Central African Republic in a nutshell

Source : http://www.cia.gov

The Central African Republic (French: République centrafricaine, or Centrafrique; Sango: Ködörösêse tî Bêafrîka), is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It borders Chad in the north, Sudan in the east, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo in the south, and Cameroon in the west. The Republic covers a land area of almost 623,000 km²

It has an estimated population of about 4.9 million (CIA July 2011 est.). The eastern portion of the Republic is largely uninhabited.

Bangui is the capital city.

Most of the Republic consists of Sudano-Guinean savannas but it also includes a Sahelo-Sudanian zone in the north and an equatorial forest zone in the south. Two thirds of the country lies in the basins of the Ubangi River, which flows south into the Congo River, while the remaining third lies in the basin of the Chari River, which flows north into Lake Chad.

Since most of the territory is within the Ubangi and Shari river basins, France called the colony it carved out in this region Ubangi-Chari, or Oubangui-Chari in French. It became a semi-autonomous territory of the French Community in 1958 and then an independent nation on 13 August 1960.

The Central African Republic is one of the poorest countries in the world and among the ten poorest countries in Africa. The Human Development Index for the Central African Republic is 0.369, which gives the country a rank of 179 out of 182 countries with data. In 2001 though, The Ecologist magazine estimated that the Central African Republic is the world's leading country in sustainable development.

The Republic is divided into 14 administrative prefectures (préfectures), along with 2 economic prefectures (préfectures economiques) and one autonomous commune. The prefectures are further divided into 71 sub-prefectures (sous-préfectures).

The economy of the Republic is dominated by the cultivation and sale of food crops such as cassava, peanuts, maize, sorghum, millet, sesame, plantain and sara. The annual real GDP growth rate is just above 3%.

The population has almost quadrupled since independence. The United Nations estimates that approximately 11% of the population aged 15–49 is HIV positive.

The nation is divided into over 80 ethnic groups, each having its own language. The largest ethnic groups are the Baya 33%, Banda 27%, Mandjia 13%, Sara 10%, Mboum 7%, M'Baka 4%, and Yakoma 4%, with 2% others, including Europeans of mostly French descent.

French is the main official language but Sango is used as a lingua franca.

Christians form 50 percent of the population, while 35 percent of the population maintain Indigenous beliefs, and Islam is practiced by approximately 15 percent. There are many missionary groups operating in the country.

Education in Central African Republic

Public education in the Central African Republic is free, and education is compulsory from ages 6 to 14. However, about half the adult population of the country is illiterate. The school year runs from October through mid-June.

AIDS-related deaths have taken a heavy toll on teachers, contributing to the closure of more than 100 primary schools between 1996 and 1998.

In 1991, the gross primary enrollment rate was 56.9 percent. In 2000, the net primary enrollment rate for children between the ages of 6 and 11 was 43 percent. Primary school attendance rates were unavailable for the Central African Republic as of 2001. While enrollment rates indicate a level of commitment to education, they do not always reflect children’s participation in school.

The educational system’s limited budget and salary arrears have resulted in a shortage of teachers and an increase in the number of street children. The percentage of the national budget allocated to education, which traditionally stood at less than 12 percent, increased to 18 percent in the late 1990s. According to the government, it will further increase to 25 percent by 2010.

There are a few schools oriented to expats. The Encylopedia.com site reports

American children attend Charles de Gaulle Primary school which follows the French curriculum, is accredited by the French Government, and supervised by the French Embassy in Bangui. A pre-school program is offered as well as the primary grades K-6.On the same compound is the Lycee (high school) Andre Malraux, with grades 7 through baccalaureate (graduation). The school is open to Central Africans and other foreigners. All classes are in French, with English taught as a foreign language.... The quality of education in both schools is good and comparable to schools in metropolitan France, but many subjects normally available in American schools are not offered.

There is the College Preparatoire International, a private institution, offering an English programme for grades K-12, in addition to their French curriculum.

School-level education

Primary level Primary education focuses on teaching general and practical skills and is divided into two levels. The first begins at age six and lasts for five years and culminates in an exam to determine continuation to level two. Level two begins at age 11 and lasts for four years, the completion of which enables to the student to progress to secondary level.

Secondary level Lasting for three years, secondary level education offers the choice of general or technical / professional education to students. Completion of the three years of general education and success in the baccalaureate exam allows progression to higher education. Those in the technical stream are trained for specific trades and are awarded with a proficiency certificate upon completion of their exams. [1]

Further and Higher education

(Sourced from a variety of materials and databases including Wikipedia, African Studies Centre (http://africa.msu.edu) and UNESCO Unevoc)

There was no higher education in the Republic immediately after independence in 1960. Students typically went to France to study. In the early 1960s, the Republic shared with Gabon, Chad, and the Republic of Congo, a tertiary institution: the Foundation for Higher Education in Central Africa. (This was created by France to provide a regional training infrastructure for people of the former colonies of French Equatorial Africa. In 1969 the national university was created.

Higher education in the Republic is provided and financed publicly. A Country Report from CIHE (see References) notes that: "During the 2000 fiscal year, the budget of the University of Bangui represented approximately 1.7% of the national budget".

Institutions now include:

Universities in Central African Republic

1. University of Bangui - http://www.univ-bangui.info/ - see also the old Wikipedia entry
2. Protestant University of Central Africa (Université Protestante d'Afrique Centrale) - apparently not the same campus as the one in Cameroon
3. National School of Administration and Judiciary - http://www.etat.sciencespobordeaux.fr/organismes/centrafriq.html#F2

The following may still exist: Jean-Bedel Bokassa University - little further information available but apparently in Bangui with a "Faculté de Droit et des Sciences Economiques"

Colleges in Central African Republic

1. National Centre for Training and Handicrafts (Centre National de Formation et de Productions Artisanales) - http://www.unevoc.unesco.org/unevocdir3.php?akt=99&id=355
2. Central African Agency for TVE and Employment (Agence Centrafricaine pour la Formation Professionnelle et l'Emploi) - http://www.unevoc.unesco.org/unevocdir3.php?akt=99&id=417
3. Women's College of Technical Education - http://www.unevoc.unesco.org/unevocdir.php?akt=99&id=495
4. Institut Facultave de Technologie-Bangui
5. National Teachers Training College

References

1. Central African Republic, http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3410700016.html
2. Country profile: Central African Republic, Gaston M. N'Guerekata, CIHE, circa 2003, http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/soe/cihe/inhea/profiles/Central_African_Republic.htm
3. http://africanarchives.wordpress.com/education-desk/higher-education-insititutions-in-africa/

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