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Falkland Islands
Partners situated in Falkland Islands
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Falkland Islands in a nutshell
(sourced from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falkland_Islands)
The Falkland Islands (Spanish: Islas Malvinas) are an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean, located about 300 mi (480 km) from the coast of mainland South America, 700 mi (1100 km) from mainland Antarctica, and 3800 mi (6100 km) from Africa. The two main islands are East Falkland and West Falkland, and there are 776 smaller islands. The total land area is 4,700 square miles (12,173 km2), slightly smaller than Connecticut or Northern Ireland, with a coastline estimated at 800 miles (1288 km).
The Spanish name, Islas Malvinas, is said to be derived from the French name Îles Malouines.
The population is just over 3000.
Stanley, on East Falkland, is the capital.
The islands are a self-governing Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom. However, territorial sovereignty over the islands has been disputed by Argentina over many years, with occasional conflicts, the last in 1982. Notwithstanding that, the vast majority of the islanders wish to remain associated with the United Kingdom. Since the British Nationality (Falkland Islands) Act 1983 the islanders have been full British citizens. Under Argentine Law they are eligible for Argentine citizenship but this offer is said to be of little interest.
The Falkland Islands comprise two main islands, East Falkland and West Falkland (in Spanish Isla Gran Malvina and Isla Soledad respectively), and about 776 small islands.
The two main islands on either side of Falkland Sound make up most of the land. These are East Falkland, which contains the capital, Stanley, and most of the population; and West Falkland. Both islands have mountain ranges, the highest point being Mount Usborne, 2312 feet (705 m)[56] on East Falkland. There are also some boggy plains, most notably in Lafonia, on the southern half of East Falkland. Virtually the entire area of the islands is used as pasture for sheep.
Smaller islands surround the main two. They include Barren Island, Beaver Island, Bleaker Island, Carcass Island, George Island, Keppel Island, Lively Island, New Island, Pebble Island, Saunders Island, Sealion Island, Speedwell Island, Staats Island, Weddell Island, and West Point Island. The Jason Islands lie to the north west of the main archipelago, and Beauchene Island some distance to its south. Speedwell Island and George Island are split from East Falkland by Eagle Passage.
Numerous flora and fauna are found on the Falkland Islands. Notable fauna include colonies of the Magellanic Penguin.
The islands claim a territorial sea of 12 nautical miles (22 km; 14 mi) and an exclusive fishing zone of 200 nautical miles (370 km; 230 mi), which has been a source of disagreement with Argentina.
Sheep farming was formerly the main source of income for the islands and still plays an important part with high quality wool exports going to the UK: there are said to be more than 500,000 sheep on the islands, over 100 sheep per inhabitant. Since 1984, efforts to diversify the economy have made fishing the largest part of the economy and brought increasing income from tourism.
The government sale of fishing licences to foreign countries has brought in more than £40 million a year in revenues, and local fishing boats are also in operation. More than 75% of the fish taken are squid, and most exports are to Spain. Tourism has grown rapidly, with more than 36,000 visitors in 2004.[62] The islands have become a regular port of call for the growing market of cruise ships. Attractions include the scenery and wildlife conservation with penguins, seabirds, seals and sealions, as well as visits to battlefields, golf, fishing and wreck diving. The UK provides defence - and UK military expenditures make a significant contribution to the economy. Except for defence, the islands belive that they are self sufficient.
The local currency is the Falkland Islands pound, which is in parity with the pound sterling. Sterling notes and coins circulate interchangeably with the local currency. The Falkland Islands also mint their own coins, and issue stamps, which are a source of revenue from overseas collectors
About 70% of islanders are of British descent, primarily as a result of immigration to the islands from Scotland and Wales. A few Islanders are of French, Gibraltarian, Portuguese and Scandinavian descent - some the descendants of whalers. There is also a small minority of South Americans, mainly from Chile, and in more recent times many people from Saint Helena have also come to work and live in the Islands.
The main religion is Christianity. The main denominations are Church of England, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, and Lutheran.
Medical care
This is always an issue on remote islands. The Government provides medical care for the islands. The King Edward VII Memorial Hospital is the only hospital. There are no ophthalmologists or opticians on the islands, although an optician from the United Kingdom visits about every six months and an ophthalmologist comes to do cataract surgery and eye examinations on irregular intervals (once every few years). There are said to be two dentists on the islands.
Falkland Islands education policy
Education in the Falkland Islands is free and compulsory up to the end of the academic year when a child reaches 16 years of age.
Falkland Islands education system
The Falklands follows the education system of the UK - specifically England. There are two schools, both in Stanley:
- the Infant and Junior School teaches ages 4 to 11
- the Falkland Islands Community School caters for ages 11 to 16.
All teachers are trained in the UK or other English-speaking countries.
There is also a primary school at a military camp that mainly serves the children of members of the armed forces.
Some primary aged children who live in "camp" (the local term for the countryside) are educated remotely.
The Falklands Islands Government funds sixth form studies for 16-18 years olds at two colleges in England, == Higher education ==
Higher Education
There are no tertiary-level institutions in the Falkland Islands.
The Falklands Islands Government funds higher and further education courses for over 18s, also usually in the UK, for suitably qualified students.
Universities in Falkland Islands
There are none.
Polytechnics in Falkland Islands
There are none.
Higher education reform
Not applicable.
The Bologna Process
Not appliable.
Administration and finance
Not applicable.
Quality assurance
Not applicable.