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Germany in a nutshell

Germany and its "Länder"

Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland) is a country in Central Europe. The territory of Germany covers 357,021 km² and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With over 82 million inhabitants, it comprises the largest population among the member states of the European Union and is home to the third-highest number of international migrants worldwide.

Germany (Deutschland) is a Federal Republic consisting of sixteen states, known in German as Länder (singular Land). Since Land is the literal German word for "country", the term Bundesländer (federal states; singular Bundesland) is commonly used colloquially, as it is more specific, though technically incorrect within the corpus of German law. The peoples of the states are the nation of Germany. The governments of the states are part of the authority of Germany.

German education policy

Under the Basic Law (Grundgesetz) the exercise of governmental powers and the fulfilment of governmental responsibility is incumbent upon the individual Länder as far as the Basic Law does not provide for or allow for any other arrangement. The Basic Law contains a few fundamental provisions on questions of education, culture and science: thus for example it guarantees the freedom of art and scholarship, research and teaching, the freedom of faith and creed, free choice of profession and of the place of training, equality before the law and the rights of parents. The entire school system is under the supervision of the state.

Unless the Basic Law awards legislative powers to the Federation, the Länder have the right to legislate. Within the education system, this applies to the school sector, the higher education sector, adult education and continuing education. Administration of the education system in these areas is almost exclusively a matter for the Länder.

The scope of the Federal Government's responsibilities in the field of education is defined in the Basic Law, which was amended by the federalism reform in 2006, according to which the Federation bears responsibility particularly for the regulations governing the following domains of education, science and research:

  • In-company vocational training and vocational further education
  • Admission to higher education institutions and higher education degrees
  • Financial assistance for pupils and students
  • Promotion of scientific and academic research and technological development, including

the promotion of up-and-coming academics

  • Youth welfare
  • Legal protection of participants of correspondence courses
  • Regulations on entry to the legal profession
  • Regulations on entry to medical and paramedical professions
  • Employment promotion measures; occupational and labour market research

Additionally, the federalism reform transferred responsibility for the remuneration and pensions of civil servants (e.g. teachers, professors and junior professors) to the Länder. The Federation still has legislative authority over the status-related rights and duties of civil servants, as well as the legislative authority over foreign affairs. In addition to the division of responsibilities described above, the Basic Law also provides for particular forms of cooperation between the Federation and the Länder within the scope of the so-called “joint tasks” (Gemeinschaftsaufgaben). For example, in cases of supra-regional importance, the Federation and the Länder may cooperate in the promotion of:

  • scientific research institutions and projects outside of institutions of higher education
  • scientific and research projects at institutions of higher education (agreements require

the consent of all Länder)

  • research buildings at institutions of higher education, including major equipment.

Additionally, the Federation and the Länder may cooperate on the basis of agreements regarding the assessment of the performance of the German education system in comparison with other countries as well as in the production of related reports and recommendations.

Within the Federal Government, the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung – BMBF) is primarily responsible for the Federation's areas of responsibility. Whenever necessary, consultations between Federation and Länder take place in the Bundesrat, the Commission of the Federation and the Länder for Educational Planning and Research Promotion (Bund- Länder-Kommission für Bildungsplanung und Forschungsförderung – BLK), the Standing Conference of the Ministers of Education and Cultural Affairs (Kultusministerkonferenz – KMK), the Science Council (Wissenschaftsrat) and the Planning Committee for the Construction of Higher Education Institutions. In the course of the federalism reform for the modernisation of the federal system, the direct rights of participation of the Länder have been specified in detail. When legislative powers exclusive to the Länder in school education, culture or broadcasting are primarily affected, the federalism reform of 2006 requires that the exercise of the rights belonging to the Federal Republic of Germany as a member state of the European Union is delegated to a representative of the Länder designated by the Bundesrat.

Although Germany has had a history of a strong educational system, recent PISA student assessments revealed a weakness in certain subjects. In a test of 43 countries in the year 2000, Germany ranked 21st in reading and 20th in both mathematics and the natural sciences, prompting calls for reform and dominating the political debate for the last years.

Also as a result of this, fundamental changes are currently being implemented in the German education system. In this context, special importance is attached to the various efforts for quality assurance and quality development in the school sector, teacher training and the higher education sector. In the school sector, the introduction of national educational standards and the establishment of the Institute for Educational Progress (Institut zur Qualitätsentwicklung im Bildungswesen – IQB) marked the beginning of a paradigm shift towards an output-oriented control of the education system. In June 2006, the Standing Conference of the Ministers of Education and Cultural Affairs adopted a comprehensive strategy for educational monitoring. The global concept for the monitoring and further development of educational processes consists of four interconnected areas: International comparative studies of pupil achievement, the central review of the achievement of educational standards in a comparison between the Länder, comparative studies in order to review the efficiency of individual schools within the Länder, and the joint education reporting of the Federation and the Länder.

In the hihger education sector, the development of the consecutive structure of study courses and the further development of accreditation and evaluation also serve the objectives of quality development and quality assurance. The accreditation of study courses ensures minimum standards for the academic curriculum and the professional relevance of the degrees. Evaluation is designed to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of institutions and degree programmes, and thus to assist higher education institutions in adopting systematic approaches to quality assurance in teaching. In September 2005, the Standing Conference passed a quality assurance framework concept for teaching at higher education institutions which is based on a stock-taking of measures in the Länder and defines the core elements and standards required to guarantee the reliability and comparability of the procedures.

Other central themes in education policy are for example: integration of imigrants (e.g. by improvement of German language skills), all-day school and the membered educational system. Big issues concerning higher education are: equal opportunities, tuition fees and the so called initiative of excellence that benefits only a few universities.

Description of the Educational System in Germany

The education system in the Federal Republic of Germany is divided into

  • pre-school education,
  • primary education,
  • secondary education,
  • tertiary education and
  • continuing education.

Optional kindergarten education is provided for all children between three and six years old, after which school attendance is compulsory for nine or ten years. In Germany, students are graded on a scale of one through six, one being high and six being very low, or failing. Home-schooling is not permitted in any of the German Bundesländer except rare cases. Primary education usually lasts for four years (six in Berlin) and public schools are not stratified at this stage. In contrast, secondary education includes four types of schools based on a pupil's ability as determined by teacher recommendations: the Gymnasium includes the most gifted children and prepares students for university studies; the Realschule has a broader range of emphasis for intermediary students; the Hauptschule prepares pupils for vocational education, and the Gesamtschule or comprehensive school combines the three approaches. There are also Förderschulen (schools for the mentally challenged and physically challenged). One in 21 students attends a Förderschule.

In order to enter a university, high school students are required to take the Abitur examination; however, students possessing a diploma from a vocational school may also apply to enter. A special system of apprenticeship called Duale Ausbildung allows pupils in vocational training to learn in a company as well as in a state-run school.

The Education System in Germany

In 2006, 415,000 graduates received the general qualification for university entrance which is approximately 43% of the typical age cohort of the population.

For detailled information see http://www.kmk.org/dossier/organisation.pdf.

Higher Education in Germany

According to the Federal Statistical Office 2007/2008, Germany possesses 278 Fachhochschulen (Universities of Applied Science) Kunst- and Musikhochschulen (for music and art) and about 104 universities (state and state-recognised).

The Fachhochschulen offer shorter and more practice-oriented programs. They generally lead to credentials at the bachelor's level, but more and more Fachhochschulen also offer master's programs for those students eligible for further study. In addition, Germany's tertiary sector also includes either state-run or staterecognised Berufsakademien (professional academies) in some "Länder": Students receive academic training at Studienakademien (study institutions) and, at the same time, practical career training in a training establishment. A number of colleges of art and music offer programs in their areas.

At the universities, for many decades a master's level degree (differed in "Magister", "Diplom" or "Staatsexamen" - State Exam) was the first degree available and only the recent higher education reforms, which have introduced two-level programs at both the bachelor's and master's level have opened a chance to leave university earlier. The bachelor's degree in the beginning was introduced to avoid the drastic rates of non-completers, which in some university subjects were as high as 75 percent.

In German higher education there are two semesters each academic year. Most of the information materials are available in German only, and admission in most cases is depending on German language proficiency as well. Big issues in educatianol policy concerning higher education are: equal opportunities, tuition fees and the so called initiative of excellence that benefits only a few universities.

Ongoing debates and future developments

Since the beginning of the 1990s and not least against a background of inadequate financial and human resources at the higher education institutes, the Federation and the Länder have increased their efforts to modernise and internationalise the higher education system in Germany. The reforms are aimed at facilitating differentiation by deregulation, performance orientation, increasing the autonomy of higher education institutions and creating incentives, hence also enhancing the international competitiveness of the German institutions of higher education. In order to implement these goals, reforms have been and still are introduced and carried out on the structure of higher education study and the internal organisation of institutions of higher education. Detailed state control is increasingly being replaced by the autonomous decision-making of higher education institutions. Deregulation has significantly increased the freedom of higher education institutions in terms of their organisational and staffing decisions. The higher education institutions are increasingly taking on the national and international challenge. In joint target agreements, the state and the institutions of higher education cooperatively define the services to be provided, but without specifying concrete measures. The target agreements are also used as control elements within the higher education institutions. The growing autonomy of the higher education institutions is, for example, also demonstrated by their entitlement to select applicants for admission. Since 2005 the Länder have been free to decide on the imposition of financial contributions from students. A number of Länder made use of this option for the first time in the winter semester 2006/2007 by imposing study fees ranging up to Euro 500. Parallel student loan systems provide that loans only must be repaid once the course has been completed and in case of adequate income. As part of the Excellence Initiative of the Federation and the Länder for the Promotion of Science and Research in German Higher Education Institutions (Exzellenzinitiative des Bundes und der Länder zur Förderung von Wissenschaft und Forschung an deutschen Hochschulen), the Federation and the Länder support scientific projects run by universities and their cooperation partners in the higher education sector, in extramural research as well as in the private economy. In detail, until 2011 additional funds totalling Euro 1.9 billion are provided in the funding areas

  • research schools for the promotion of scientific talent,
  • excellence clusters for the promotion of leading science and
  • future concepts for top-class research at universities.

In October 2006, the decisions on funding applications from higher education institutions in the first round of funding of the Excellence Initiative were made.

Virtual learning initiatives in Germany

In Germany there are many distance e-learning initiatives. In 2006 there were more than 350,000 people participating in distance e-learning programs. 88,000 of them were participating in higher education offers: 63,000 in distance teaching universities and 25,000 in other universities. Most participants are female and between 20 and 30 years old.

An overview about statistical dates concerning distance e-learning programs you get here.

An overview since 1999/2000 about statistical dates concerning distance e-learning programs in higher education you get here:

In the following table we would like to highlight the initiatives that we consider to be important virtual learning opportunities in Germany Table 1
Statistisches Bundesamt ' ' ' ' ' '
VI E - HS
Students in higher distance learning (in terms of gender)
Institution of higher education Students overall first-year students
overall male female overall male female
WS 1999/2000
U Greifswald 1 - 1 - - -
U Rostock 308 114 194 2 - 2
U Hildesheim 53 14 39 - - -
U Kaiserslautern 1 289 742 547 130 122 8
U Koblenz-Landau 426 238 188 6 2 4
TU Chemnitz 45 35 10 - - -
TU Dresden 710 558 152 84 69 15
TU Bergakademie Freiberg 2 - 2 - - -
U Leipzig 789 184 605 49 6 43
Handelshochschule Leipzig (Priv. H) 3 3 - - - -
U Magdeburg 568 233 335 29 20 9
TU Ilmenau 93 73 20 5 5 -
U Jena 33 24 9 1 1 -
Fernuniversität-GH Hagen 46 779 29 164 17 615 4 597 2 453 2 144
Theol. H Friedensau 22 16 6 1 - 1
Rostock, H für Musik und Theater 1 - 1 - - -
H für Musik Dresden 73 33 40 4 3 1
H für Kunst und Design Halle-Burg Giebichenstein 18 14 4 - - -
FH Reutlingen 91 63 28 4 3 1
H für Berufstätige (Priv. Fern-FH) Lahr 3 174 2 256 918 141 82 59
Deutsch-Ordens FH Riedlingen, H für Wirt.(Priv. Fern-FH) 197 113 84 20 8 12
Kath. FH Berlin 109 32 77 - - -
Technische FH Wildau 499 329 170 98 61 37
Priv. Fern-FH Hamburg 1 371 1 078 293 510 405 105
Priv. Fern-FH Darmstadt 378 344 34 57 51 6
FH der Deutschen Telekom AG Dieburg (Priv. H) 60 27 33 12 4 8
FH Stralsund 20 3 17 - - -
FH Wismar 76 40 36 25 18 7
FH Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel 205 164 41 22 17 5
FH Nordostniedersachsen 35 28 7 - - -
Kath. FH Norddeutschland 100 25 75 48 12 36
Märkische FH 680 508 172 128 80 48
FH Koblenz 52 48 4 - - -
H Dresden 254 201 53 64 50 14
H Leipzig 35 6 29 - - -
H Mittweida (University of Applied Sciences) 254 135 119 29 28 1
H Zittau/Görlitz 63 8 55 - - -
Westsächsische H Zwickau 96 80 16 1 1 -
H für Berufstätige (Priv. Fern-FH) Leipzig 686 427 259 51 24 27
H Anhalt (FH) 20 20 - - - -
FH Magdeburg 611 266 345 39 9 30
FH Merseburg 267 109 158 49 18 31
H für Berufstätige (Priv. Fern-FH) Rendsburg 3 077 2 226 851 311 206 105
Overall 63 623 39 981 23 642 6 517 3 758 2 759
WS 2000/2001
AKAD, Wirt.- u. Sozialwiss. H Lahr (Priv. Fern-H) 109 89 20 7 4 3
U Greifswald 1 - 1 - - -
U Rostock 276 121 155 3 - 3
U Hildesheim 45 13 32 - - -
U Kaiserslautern 1 682 891 791 135 121 14
U Koblenz-Landau 429 225 204 - - -
TU Chemnitz 5 5 - - - -
TU Dresden 674 526 148 96 69 27
TU Bergakademie Freiberg 2 - 2 - - -
U Leipzig 840 210 630 69 17 52
Handelshochschule Leipzig (Priv. H) 4 4 - - - -
U Magdeburg 656 261 395 54 39 15
TU Ilmenau 125 85 40 10 5 5
U Jena 32 24 8 1 1 -
Fernuniversität-GH Hagen 46 759 28 486 18 273 4 366 2 335 2 031
Theol. H Friedensau 21 13 8 4 2 2
Rostock, H für Musik und Theater 1 - 1 - - -
H für Musik Dresden 63 28 35 2 1 1
H für Kunst und Design Halle-Burg Giebichenstein 25 16 9 3 - 3
FH Reutlingen 100 70 30 3 1 2
H für Berufstätige (Priv. Fern-FH) Lahr 2 970 2 059 911 132 60 72
Deutsch-Ordens FH Riedlingen,H f.Wirt.(Pr.Fern-FH) 224 112 112 28 8 20
Technische FH Berlin 14 13 1 - - -
Kath. FH Berlin 138 39 99 - - -
Technische FH Wildau 620 391 229 123 71 52
Priv. Fern-FH Hamburg 1 794 1 411 383 432 343 89
FH Gießen-Friedberg 31 27 4 4 4 -
Priv. Fern-FH Darmstadt 743 657 86 118 105 13
FH Stralsund 6 1 5 - - -
FH Wismar 60 36 24 15 11 4
FH Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel 190 151 39 2 1 1
FH Nordostniedersachsen 95 76 19 - - -
Kath. FH Norddeutschland 69 18 51 - - -
Märkische FH 825 625 200 198 152 46
FH Kaiserslautern 186 154 32 80 65 15
FH Koblenz 145 128 17 - - -
H Dresden 250 191 59 48 36 12
H Leipzig 12 2 10 - - -
H Mittweida (University of Applied Sciences) 300 155 145 29 29 -
H Zittau/Görlitz 5 - 5 - - -
Westsächsische H Zwickau 85 70 15 - - -
AKAD, H für Berufstätige Fachhochschule Leipzig 788 481 307 43 26 17
H Anhalt (FH) 9 9 - - - -
H Magdeburg-Stendal (FH) 581 266 315 31 9 22
FH Merseburg 395 172 223 74 39 35
H für Berufstätige (Priv. Fern-FH) Rendsburg 2 905 2 044 861 169 106 63
FH für Verwaltung und Rechtspflege Berlin 44 15 29 - - -
Overall 65 333 40 370 24 963 6 279 3 660 2 619
WS 2001/2002
AKAD, Wirt.- u. Sozialwiss. H Lahr (Priv. Fern-H) 150 120 30 - - -
Europa-U Viadrina Frankfurt(Oder) 3 2 1 1 1 -
U Greifswald 1 - 1 - - -
U Rostock 292 130 162 5 2 3
U Hildesheim 17 6 11 - - -
U Kaiserslautern 1 757 931 826 152 138 14
U Koblenz-Landau 421 210 211 2 2 -
TU Chemnitz 1 1 - - - -
TU Dresden 712 544 168 106 82 24
TU Bergakademie Freiberg 1 - 1 - - -
U Leipzig 838 183 655 47 8 39
Handelshochschule Leipzig (Priv. H) 11 10 1 - - -
U Magdeburg 541 218 323 26 22 4
TU Ilmenau 101 61 40 12 9 3
U Jena 39 36 3 8 7 1
Fernuniversität-GH Hagen 47 716 28 605 19 111 4 050 2 026 2 024
Theol. H Friedensau 16 10 6 5 3 2
Rostock, H für Musik und Theater 1 - 1 - - -
H für Musik Dresden 47 20 27 2 - 2
H für Kunst und Design Halle-Burg Giebichenstein 22 14 8 - - -
H für Berufstätige (Priv. Fern-FH) Lahr 2 887 1 949 938 155 89 66
Deutsch-Ordens FH Riedlingen,H f.Wirt.(Pr.Fern-FH) 219 97 122 23 8 15
Technische FH Berlin 36 34 2 - - -
FH für Technik und Wirtschaft Berlin 466 405 61 37 31 6
Kath. FH Berlin 136 39 97 - - -
Technische FH Wildau 694 403 291 125 72 53
Priv. Fern-FH Hamburg 2 891 1 986 905 - - -
FH Gießen-Friedberg 211 185 26 104 90 14
Priv. Fern-FH Darmstadt 1 005 889 116 92 83 9
FH Stralsund 3 - 3 - - -
FH Wismar 41 28 13 - - -
FH Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel 199 164 35 2 2 -
FH Nordostniedersachsen 90 72 18 - - -
Kath. FH Norddeutschland 74 23 51 30 11 19
Märkische FH 957 706 251 211 149 62
FH Kaiserslautern 411 334 77 65 43 22
FH Koblenz 227 201 26 - - -
FH Trier 33 27 6 2 2 -
H Dresden 264 203 61 69 56 13
H Mittweida (University of Applied Sciences) 457 270 187 108 104 4
Westsächsische H Zwickau 120 95 25 - - -
FH der Deutschen Telekom AG Leipzig (Priv. H) 87 72 15 27 17 10
AKAD, H für Berufstätige Fachhochschule Leipzig 881 518 363 51 26 25
Priv. FH Oelsnitz/Vogtland 31 10 21 25 7 18
H Anhalt (FH) 99 82 17 66 56 10
H Harz (FH) 37 23 14 33 20 13
H Magdeburg-Stendal (FH) 547 240 307 27 5 22
FH Merseburg 483 213 270 71 31 40
AKAD FH Pinneberg (Priv. Fern-FH) 2 753 1 878 875 249 148 101
FH für Verwaltung und Rechtspflege Berlin 79 37 42 - - -
Overall 69 105 42 284 26 821 5 988 3 350 2 638
WS 2002/2003
AKAD, Wirtsch.- und Sozialwiss. H Lahr (Priv. Fern-H) 217 169 48 - - -
Europa-U Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder) 10 8 2 6 4 2
U Greifswald 2 1 1 1 1 -
U Rostock 317 152 165 9 1 8
U Hildesheim 3 2 1 - - -
Fernuniversität Hagen 45 661 27 760 17 901 3 158 1 925 1 233
U Kaiserslautern 1 745 927 818 154 132 22
U Koblenz-Landau 368 191 177 5 3 2
TU Chemnitz 24 13 11 - - -
TU Dresden 750 580 170 102 88 14
U Leipzig 829 214 615 36 13 23
Handelshochschule Leipzig (Priv. H) 18 15 3 - - -
U Magdeburg 436 185 251 - - -
TU Ilmenau 82 45 37 8 5 3
U Jena 39 33 6 2 1 1
Theol. H Friedensau 12 7 5 3 2 1
H für Musik und Theater Rostock 1 - 1 - - -
H für Musik Dresden 35 17 18 - - -
H für Kunst und Design Halle-Burg Giebichenstein 17 9 8 - - -
AKAD FH Lahr (Priv. Fern-FH) 2 855 1 882 973 132 65 67
Fernfachhochschule Riedlingen H für Wirtschaft (Priv. FH) 259 106 153 59 21 38
Technische FH Berlin 25 25 - - - -
FH für Technik und Wirtschaft Berlin 386 340 46 36 33 3
Steinbeis-H Berlin (Priv. FH) 153 93 60 113 71 42
Kath. FH Berlin 145 35 110 - - -
Technische FH Wildau 695 389 306 91 47 44
HFH Hamburger Fern-Hochschule 3 274 2 121 1 153 733 466 267
FH Gießen-Friedberg 295 250 45 43 31 12
Priv. Fern-FH Darmstadt 1 348 1 200 148 159 143 16
FH Stralsund 1 - 1 - - -
FH Wismar 140 96 44 65 44 21
FH Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel 153 126 27 15 10 5
FH Nordostniedersachsen 97 81 16 6 5 1
Kath. FH Norddeutschland 34 12 22 - - -
FH Südwestfalen 1 162 864 298 290 220 70
Priv. FH für Ökonomie und Management Essen (H für Berufstätige) 516 317 199 252 152 100
FH Kaiserslautern 501 401 100 81 66 15
FH Koblenz 247 221 26 - - -
FH Trier 83 66 17 2 - 2
H Dresden 252 199 53 50 44 6
H Mittweida (University of Applied Sciences) 573 413 160 151 145 6
Westsächsische H Zwickau 155 120 35 4 1 3
FH der Deutschen Telekom AG Leipzig (Priv. H) 110 90 20 29 24 5
AKAD, H für Berufstätige Fachhochschule Leipzig 975 560 415 49 18 31
Priv. FH Oelsnitz/Vogtland 63 21 42 33 11 22
H Anhalt (FH) 308 258 50 143 129 14
H Harz (FH) 66 43 23 27 19 8
H Magdeburg-Stendal (FH) 434 204 230 6 5 1
FH Merseburg 557 245 312 71 35 36
AKAD FH Pinneberg (Priv. Fern-FH) 2 822 1 899 923 192 126 66
FH für Verwaltung und Rechtspflege Berlin 111 55 56 3 1 2
Overall 69 361 43 060 26 301 6 319 4 107 2 212
WS 2003/2004
Wissenschaftliche Hochschule Lahr (Priv. Fern-H) 293 221 72 - - -
Europa-U Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder) 19 16 3 8 6 2
U Greifswald 1 - 1 - - -
U Rostock 315 142 173 4 1 3
U Hildesheim 14 5 9 - - -
Fernuniversität Hagen 42 980 26 260 16 720 2 896 1 556 1 340
U Kaiserslautern 1 677 883 794 125 111 14
U Koblenz-Landau 323 177 146 - - -
TU Chemnitz 1 1 - - - -
TU Dresden 709 553 156 75 58 17
U Leipzig 843 195 648 37 14 23
Handelshochschule Leipzig (Priv. H) 1 1 - - - -
U Magdeburg 367 155 212 - - -
TU Ilmenau 81 40 41 11 5 6
U Jena 33 28 5 2 1 1
Theol. H Friedensau 14 8 6 - - -
H für Musik Dresden 30 12 18 1 - 1
H für Kunst und Design Halle-Burg Giebichenstein 7 2 5 - - -
AKAD FH Lahr (Priv. Fern-FH) 2 634 1 697 937 86 47 39
Fernfachhochschule Riedlingen H für Wirtschaft (Priv. FH) 388 174 214 95 45 50
FH für Technik und Wirtschaft Berlin 357 303 54 70 61 9
Steinbeis-H Berlin (Priv. FH) 453 292 161 221 144 77
Kath. FH Berlin 155 44 111 1 1 -
FH Potsdam 24 3 21 - - -
Technische FH Wildau 669 360 309 102 52 50
HFH Hamburger Fern-Hochschule 4 346 2 836 1 510 652 389 263
Europ. Fernhochschule Hamburg 201 126 75 116 72 44
FH Gießen-Friedberg 374 326 48 42 33 9
Priv. Fern-FH Darmstadt 1 449 1 301 148 137 123 14
FH Wismar 263 191 72 93 69 24
FH Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel 55 41 14 - - -
FH Nordostniedersachsen 5 3 2 - - -
Kath. FH Norddeutschland 68 19 49 33 6 27
FH Südwestfalen 1 075 794 281 202 156 46
Priv. FH für Ökonomie und Management Essen (H für Berufstätige) 1 025 639 386 257 154 103
Hochschule der Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe Bonn 140 101 39 140 101 39
FH Kaiserslautern 613 478 135 62 41 21
FH Koblenz 340 269 71 1 1 -
FH Trier 122 97 25 12 7 5
H Dresden 272 212 60 47 33 14
H Mittweida (University of Applied Sciences) 727 559 168 183 181 2
Westsächsische H Zwickau 165 133 32 1 1 -
FH der Deutschen Telekom AG Leipzig (Priv. H) 93 76 17 - - -
AKAD, H für Berufstätige Fachhochschule Leipzig 996 577 419 18 7 11
Priv. FH Oelsnitz/Vogtland 72 25 47 7 2 5
H Anhalt (FH) 513 437 76 200 176 24
H Harz (FH) 87 59 28 33 22 11
H Magdeburg-Stendal (FH) 648 280 368 4 4 -
FH Merseburg 574 251 323 68 29 39
AKAD FH Pinneberg (Priv. Fern-FH) 2 526 1 701 825 119 81 38
FH für Verwaltung und Rechtspflege Berlin 142 74 68 1 - 1
Overall 69 279 43 177 26 102 6 162 3 790 2 372
WS 2004/2005
Wissenschaftl. Hochschule Lahr (Priv. Fern-H) 301 222 79 - - -
Steinbeis-Hochschule, Berlin 255 160 95 175 111 64
Europa-U Viadrina Frankfurt(Oder) 21 17 4 1 1 -
U Greifswald 2 1 1 - - -
U Rostock 304 133 171 6 3 3
U Hildesheim 35 9 26 - - -
Fernuniversität Hagen 33 390 19 812 13 578 2 215 1 161 1 054
TU Kaiserslautern 1 817 927 890 87 65 22
U Koblenz-Landau 429 244 185 4 3 1
TU Dresden 689 531 158 89 71 18
U Leipzig 800 207 593 41 14 27
U Magdeburg 294 154 140 3 1 2
TU Ilmenau 70 33 37 7 6 1
U Jena 19 17 2 - - -
Theol. H Friedensau 6 3 3 - - -
H für Musik Dresden 35 13 22 - - -
H für Kunst und Design Halle-Burg Giebichenstein 6 2 4 - - -
AKAD FH Stuttgart (Priv. FH) 2 590 1 669 921 98 47 51
Fernfachhochschule Riedlingen H für Wirt. (Priv.) 412 177 235 86 35 51
FH für Technik und Wirtschaft Berlin 346 294 52 93 80 13
Kath. FH Berlin 181 51 130 - - -
FH Potsdam 45 11 34 - - -
Technische FH Wildau 581 317 264 95 47 48
HFH Hamburger Fern-Hochschule 5 194 3 323 1 871 713 443 270
Europ. Fernhochschule Hamburg 814 495 319 303 174 129
FH Gießen-Friedberg 486 413 73 25 22 3
Priv. Fern-FH Darmstadt 1 909 1 732 177 199 182 17
Priv. FH Nordhessen 370 152 218 302 117 185
FH Wismar 533 357 176 187 124 63
FH Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel 25 18 7 - - -
FH Nordostniedersachsen 43 35 8 - - -
Kath. FH Norddeutschland 36 7 29 - - -
FH Südwestfalen 1 042 774 268 240 184 56
FH Niederrhein 16 9 7 - - -
Priv. FH f. Öko. u. Managem. Essen (H f. Berufst.) 1 534 967 567 246 151 95
Hochschule der Sparkassen - Finanzgruppe Bonn 353 267 86 135 103 32
FH Kaiserslautern 663 509 154 67 54 13
FH Koblenz 548 410 138 34 25 9
FH Trier 118 100 18 2 2 -
H Dresden 276 223 53 50 43 7
H Leipzig 36 32 4 36 32 4
H Mittweida (University of Applied Sciences) 885 722 163 264 253 11
H Zittau/Görlitz 40 33 7 - - -
Westsächsische H Zwickau 174 139 35 2 1 1
FH der Deutschen Telekom AG Leipzig (Priv. H) 102 85 17 25 24 1
AKAD, H für Berufstätige Fachhochschule Leipzig 944 533 411 22 6 16
Priv. Vogtländische FH Plauen 90 35 55 18 10 8
H Anhalt (FH) 451 374 77 136 115 21
H Harz (FH) 112 70 42 36 17 19
H Magdeburg-Stendal (FH) 666 288 378 1 1 -
FH Merseburg 614 291 323 54 27 27
AKAD FH Pinneberg (Priv. Fern-FH) 2 273 1 553 720 129 88 41
FH für Verwaltung und Rechtspflege Berlin 193 101 92 1 - 1
Overall 63 168 39 051 24 117 6 227 3 843 2 384
WS 2005/2006
Wissenschaftl. Hochschule Lahr (Priv. Fern-H) 350 256 94 - - -
Steinbeis-Hochschule, Berlin 574 369 205 51 35 16
Europa-U Viadrina Frankfurt(Oder) 20 17 3 - - -
U Rostock 266 128 138 2 - 2
U Hildesheim 20 5 15 - - -
Fernuniversität Hagen 34 084 20 105 13 979 2 284 1 227 1 057
TU Kaiserslautern 2 494 1 362 1 132 113 98 15
U Koblenz-Landau 483 273 210 15 6 9
TU Dresden 630 497 133 79 62 17
U Leipzig 783 183 600 45 19 26
U Magdeburg 233 141 92 2 1 1
TU Ilmenau 56 28 28 4 3 1
Theol. H Friedensau 5 2 3 - - -
H für Musik Dresden 26 11 15 - - -
H für Kunst und Design Halle-Burg Giebichenstein 5 2 3 - - -
AKAD, FH Stuttgart (Priv. FH) 2 441 1 562 879 113 74 39
FernFH Riedlingen, H für Wirtschaft (Priv. FH) 448 192 256 82 33 49
FH für Technik und Wirtschaft Berlin 376 322 54 82 67 15
Kath. FH Berlin 178 45 133 - - -
FH Potsdam 70 19 51 - - -
Technische FH Wildau 600 332 268 125 63 62
HFH Hamburger Fern-Hochschule 5 199 3 289 1 910 787 494 293
Europ. Fernhochschule Hamburg 1 350 842 508 259 146 113
FH Darmstadt 12 3 9 - - -
FH Fulda 76 16 60 - - -
FH Gießen-Friedberg 503 431 72 67 56 11
Priv. Fern-FH Darmstadt 2 246 2 065 181 181 176 5
Priv. FH Nordhessen 942 394 548 368 146 222
FH Wismar 709 459 250 147 95 52
FH Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel 10 7 3 - - -
Priv. FH Göttingen 71 47 24 31 16 15
FH Südwestfalen 1 167 881 286 280 223 57
Hochschule der Sparkassen - Finanzgruppe Bonn 503 376 127 99 74 25
Priv. FH für Ökonomie and Management Essen (H für Berufstätige) 1 585 1 010 575 41 24 17
FH für Logistik und Wirtschaft Hamm (Priv. FH) 32 25 7 29 23 6
FH Kaiserslautern 573 443 130 37 30 7
FH Koblenz 758 505 253 56 18 38
FH Trier 128 114 14 1 1 -
H Dresden 272 216 56 46 36 10
H Leipzig 60 55 5 - - -
H Mittweida (University of Applied Sciences) 1 014 844 170 240 234 6
H Zittau/Görlitz 58 49 9 - - -
Westsächsische H Zwickau 183 143 40 1 - 1
Deutsche Telekom AG Fachhochschule Leipzig (Priv. FH) 117 104 13 30 29 1
AKAD, Die Privat-Hochschulen, Leipzig (FH) 1 177 659 518 86 39 47
Priv. Vogtländische FH Plauen 87 34 53 - - -
Evang. FH Dresden 9 6 3 - - -
H Anhalt (FH) 710 583 127 141 116 25
H Harz (FH) 132 78 54 30 18 12
H Magdeburg-Stendal (FH) 662 277 385 2 - 2
FH Merseburg 627 307 320 45 22 23
AKAD, FH Pinneberg (Priv. Fern-FH) 2 183 1 496 687 143 98 45
FH für Verwaltung und Rechtspflege Berlin 204 96 108 - - -
Overall 67 501 41 705 25 796 6 144 3 802 2 342
WS 2006/2007
Wissenschaftl. Hochschule Lahr (Priv. Fern-H) 378 277 101 1 - 1
Europa-U Viadrina Frankfurt(Oder) 24 19 5 1 1 -
U Rostock 229 105 124 2 - 2
U Hildesheim 8 3 5 - - -
Fernuniversität Hagen 32 608 19 090 13 518 1 823 884 939
TU Kaiserslautern 2 810 1 552 1 258 97 78 19
U Koblenz-Landau 370 213 157 3 - 3
TU Dresden 618 516 102 44 40 4
U Leipzig 785 208 577 119 53 66
U Magdeburg 170 95 75 2 - 2
TU Ilmenau 46 30 16 3 3 -
Theol. H Friedensau 8 4 4 5 4 1
H für Musik Dresden 14 4 10 - - -
H für Kunst und Design Halle-Burg Giebichenstein 2 1 1 - - -
AKAD FH Stuttgart (Priv. FH) 2 443 1 572 871 144 71 73
Fernfachhochschule Riedlingen H für Wirt. (Priv.) 471 196 275 93 40 53
FH für Technik und Wirtschaft Berlin 381 330 51 86 75 11
Kath. FH Berlin 165 50 115 - - -
FH Brandenburg 34 12 22 23 6 17
FH Potsdam 111 29 82 - - -
Technische FH Wildau 606 321 285 115 56 59
Apollon Hochschule der Gesundheitswirtschaft 141 56 85 94 37 57
H Bremerhaven 6 5 1 - - -
HFH Hamburger Fern-Hochschule 5 447 3 412 2 035 670 409 261
Europ. Fernhochschule Hamburg 1 843 1 169 674 286 175 111
FH Fulda 133 36 97 - - -
FH Gießen-Friedberg 471 398 73 47 42 5
Priv. Fern-FH Darmstadt 2 532 2 335 197 274 258 16
Priv. FH Nordhessen 1 599 667 932 455 164 291
FH Wismar 880 566 314 199 122 77
FH Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel 12 8 4 - - -
Priv. FH Göttingen 168 107 61 51 30 21
FH Südwestfalen 1 150 882 268 231 187 44
Hochschule der Sparkassen - Finanzgruppe Bonn 592 435 157 79 51 28
Priv. FH f. Öko. u. Managem. Essen (H f. Berufst.) 1 347 866 481 1 1 -
FH für Logistik und Wirtschaft Hamm (Priv.) 52 41 11 26 19 7
FH Kaiserslautern 466 365 101 31 22 9
FH Koblenz 819 480 339 49 12 37
FH Ludwigshafen 38 35 3 2 2 -
FH Trier 133 115 18 3 2 1
H Dresden 258 211 47 42 34 8
H Leipzig 112 106 6 24 23 1
H Mittweida (University of Applied Sciences) 1 139 945 194 256 248 8
H Zittau/Görlitz 51 41 10 13 10 3
Westsächsische H Zwickau 169 128 41 - - -
Deutsche Telekom AG Fachhochschule Leipzig (Priv.) 121 112 9 31 26 5
AKAD, Die Privat-Hochschulen, Leipzig (FH) 1 337 733 604 52 20 32
Priv. Vogtländische FH Plauen 81 32 49 - - -
Evang. FH Dresden 19 14 5 - - -
H Anhalt (FH) 825 680 145 140 117 23
H Harz (FH) 128 78 50 26 15 11
H Magdeburg-Stendal (FH) 620 254 366 - - -
FH Merseburg 588 267 321 55 15 40
AKAD FH Pinneberg (Priv. Fern-FH) 2 064 1 422 642 152 95 57
FH für Verwaltung und Rechtspflege Berlin 211 107 104 - - -
Overall 67 833 41 735 26 098 5 850 3 447 2 403
Nr Name Institution City Type
1. Distance and Educational Study Center Technische Universität Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Higher Distance Education.
2. FernUniversität in Hagen FernUniversität in Hagen Hagen Distance learning university.
3. Hamburger Akademie für Fernstudien Klett-Gruppe Hamburg Distance learning.
4. [http://www.akad.de/ AKAD Privat-Hochschulen AKAD] Stuttgart Privat higher education.
5. Wilhelm Büchner Hochschule Wilhelm Büchner Hochschule Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences.
6. PFFH-Technikum Private Fernfachhochschule Darmstadt Privat distance education.
7. Europäische Fernhochschule Hamburg Europäische Fernhochschule Hamburg Hamburg Distance learning / continuing education.
8. Hamburger Fernhochschule Klett-Gruppe Hamburg Distance learning.
9. ZFH Zentralstelle für Fernstudien an Fachhochschulen Koblenz Higher Distance Education.

References

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_of_Germany

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Germany

http://www.kmk.org/dossier/dossierinhalt.htm

http://www.daad.org

http://www.destatis.de

http://www.forum-distance-learning.de/fdl_3fa8c95f7ea6.htm

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