Lithuania

by Jüri Lõssenko

Partners situated in Lithuania

None.

Lithuania in a nutshell

Source : http://www.cia.gov

Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos Respublika) is a country in Eastern, often referred to as Northern Europe or in Baltic Division. Situated along the south-eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, it shares borders with Latvia to the north, Belarus to the southeast, Poland, and the Russian exclave of the Kaliningrad Oblast to the southwest. Lithuania is a member of NATO and of the European Union. Its population is 3.4 million. Its capital and largest city is Vilnius. During the 14th century, Lithuania was the largest country in Europe: present-day Belarus, Ukraine, and parts of Poland and Russia were territories of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. With the Lublin Union of 1569 Poland and Lithuania formed a new state, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Commonwealth lasted more than two centuries, until neighboring countries systematically dismantled it from 1772 to 1795, with the Russian Empire annexing most of Lithuania's territory. In the wake of WWI, Lithuania's Act of Independence was signed on February 16, 1918, declaring re-establishment of a sovereign state. Starting in 1940, Lithuania was occupied first by the Soviet Union then Nazi Germany. As World War II neared its end in 1944 and the Nazis retreated, the Soviet Union re-occupied Lithuania. On March 11, 1990, Lithuania became the first Soviet republic to declare its renewed independence. Present-day Lithuania has one of the fastest growing economies in the European Union. Lithuania became a full member of the Schengen Agreement on 21 December 2007. In 2009, Lithuania will celebrate the millennium of its name.

Counties The current administrative division was established in 1994 and modified in 2000 to meet the requirements of the European Union. Lithuania has a three-tier administrative division: the country is divided into 10 counties that are further subdivided into 60 municipalities which consist of over 500 elderates. The 10 counties are ruled by county governors appointed by the central government: Alytus County, Kaunas County, Klaipėda County, Marijampolė County, Panevėžys County, Šiauliai County, Tauragė County, Telšiai County, Utena County, Vilnius County

Source: Wikipedia page on Lithuania

Lithuanian education policy

Pre-school education is considered to be part of non-formal education. It caters for children from 1 year to 7 years of age. These institutions (lopšelis–darželis, darželis, mokykla–darželis) fall under the authority of local governments. The fees parents have to pay are established by the founder. Attendance is optional. According to law, children can start compulsory education at the age of 7 (or earlier if the child is ready for school). It ends when they reach the age of 16. Public-sector primary and lower secondary schools are free. Priority enrolment in a public general education school is granted to children living in the catchment area of that school. A child may be enrolled in another general education school subject to the availability of free places. In 2009/10, the average class size at the primary level in public schools was 17.5. The law defines the maximum number of pupils per class as 24 in primary education and 30 in lower secondary education. Classes are mixed and made up of pupils of the same age. In primary schools, all subjects are compulsory (as defined in the Minister’s Order) and are the same for all pupils (except for moral education in which case parents may choose whether their children receive religious instruction relevant to a given denomination or lessons in ethics). In lower secondary schools, compulsory subjects (17) are studied by all pupils, but may be allocated a variable number of lessons. At the decision of each school, students can be offered a more intensive programme on foreign languages, fine arts, music and physical education.

Higher education comprises university-level courses offered by universities. They are provided at three academic levels: undergraduate (Bachelor’s) studies; graduate (Master’s) and post-graduate (doctoral) studies. The upper secondary leaving certificate (brandos atestatas) is required by all higher education establishments. Admission to studies takes place on a competitive basis. The usual admission criterion is a competition rating determined by the grades of some subjects, the number of which is usually no more than four, the results of school leaving examinations. At public higher education institutions, students admitted to state-funded places do not pay tuition fees. Both university-level and non-university higher education institutions may establish places for students who pay tuition fees. Students at non-State higher education institutions pay tuition fees which are set by the institutions themselves.

Lithuanian education system

This image shows the school levels of Lithuania. Originally found in the BOLDIC national report on ODL in Lithuania

Higher education

According to Invest in Lithuania, Lithuania has two times more people with higher education than the EU-15 average and the proportion is the highest in the Baltic. Also, 90% of Lithuanians speak at least one foreign language and half of the population speaks two foreign languages, mostly Russian and English or Polish.[29]

Vilnius University is one of the oldest universities in Northern Europe and the largest university in Lithuania. Kaunas University of Technology is the largest technical university in the Baltic States and the second largest university in Lithuania. Other universities include Kaunas University of Medicine, Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theatre, Vytautas Magnus University, and Mykolas Romeris University.

Source: Wikipedia page on Lithuania's education

Universities in Lithuania

Note: A portion of these universities have not updated their (English) sites plus facts & figures since 2005.

#	English name	Lithuanian name	Established	City	Number of students
1	European Humanities University	Europos Humanitarinis Universitetas	2006	Vilnius
2	International Business School of Vilnius University	Tarptautinė verslo mokykla (TVM)	1989	Vilnius	2400
2	SM University of Management and Economics	ISM Vadybos ir ekonomikos universitetas	1999	Kaunas/Vilnius	1,770
3	Kaunas University of Medicine	Kauno medicinos universitetas (KMU)	1922	Kaunas	3,600 (unchecked)
4	Kaunas University of Technology	Kauno technologijos universitetas (KTU)	1922	Kaunas/Panevėžys	17,500 (unchecked)
5	Kaunas Priest Seminary	Kauno kunigų seminarija		Kaunas
6	Klaipėda University	Klaipėdos universitetas (KU)	1991	Klaipėda	3,000
7	Mykolas Romeris University	Mykolo Romerio universitetas (previously Lietuvos teisės universitetas (LTU))	1990	Vilnius/Kaunas	19,000 (21,000 according to the Lithuanian site version)
8	LCC International University] (LCC)]	LCC tarptautinis universitetas	1991	Klaipėda	600
9	Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theatre	Lietuvos muzikos ir teatro akademija	1919	Vilnius	1,167 (2005)
10	Lithuanian Academy of Physical Education	Lietuvos kūno kultūros akademija (LKKA)	1934	Kaunas	2,650
11	Lithuanian University of Agriculture	Lietuvos žemės ūkio universitetas (LŽŪU)	1924	Kaunas	7,310
12	Lithuanian Veterinary Academy	Lietuvos veterinarijos akademija (LVA)	1922	Kaunas	1561 (2005)
13	General Jonas Žemaitis Military Academy of Lithuania	Lietuvos karo akademija (LKA)	1992	Vilnius	(unchecked)
14	Šiauliai University	Šiaulių universitetas (ŠU)	1948	Šiauliai	12,000
15	Telšiai Bishop Vincentas Borisevičius Priest Seminary	Telšių Vyskupo Vincento Borisevičiaus kunigų seminarija	1926	Telšiai	40 (unchecked)
16	Vilnius Academy of Business Law	Vilniaus verslo teisės akademija	2004	Vilnius	430 (unchecked)
17	Vilnius Academy of Fine Arts	Vilniaus dailės akademija (VDA)	1940	Vilnius/Kaunas	1,983 (2006-07)
18	Vilnius Gediminas Technical University	Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universitetas (VGTU)	1956	Vilnius	14,849 (2005)
19	Vilnius Pedagogical University	Vilniaus pedagoginis universitetas (VPU)	1935	Vilnius	13,000
20	Vilnius St. Joseph Priest Seminary	Vilniaus šv. Juozapo kunigų seminarija		Vilnius	(unchecked)
21	Vilnius University	Vilniaus universitetas (VU)	1579	Vilnius/Kaunas	22,865
22	Vytautas Magnus University	Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas (VDU)	1922	Kaunas	9,000

Adapted and Updated from: Wikipedia's List of Universities in Lithuania

Education reform

Lifelong learning strategies On 15 October 2008, an updated Strategy of Lifelong Learning was approved by the Minister of Education and Science and Minister of Social Security and Labour. The Strategy is planned to be implemented up to the year 2012. The Strategy of Lifelong Learning aims at enhancing opportunities for adult learning while improving the lifelong learning system, the quality of services, and maximising accessibility to education. '

European Qualifications Framework Qualifications will be managed according to the National Qualification Framework which has been submitted to the Lithuanian Government for approval. Due to internal procedures, the National Qualification Framework is in the phase of final discussions.

Administration and finance

Higher education

Institutions of university-level higher education and the newly established sector of "non-university" higher education, i.e. colleges (kolegijos) (following the new 2000 Law on Higher Education), are placed under the authority of the Department of Higher Education, Science and Technology at the Ministry of Education and Science. The State grants universities considerable autonomy. The new Law on Higher Education and Research was adopted by resolution of the parliament in 2009.

Schools and post-secondary

In the beginning of the school year 2009/10, 98.9 % of students attended publicly funded education establishments financed by the central and local administration budgets. Private-sector education establishments are maintained by their founders. In 2009/10, there were 28 private-sector education establishments attended by 4 878 students. The Ministry of Education and Science is responsible for the development and implementation of education policies and defines the criteria for the allocation of financial resources. Since 2002, financing general education schools is based on a per capita model (whereby money follows the pupil). This system of financing provides for the budget of general education schools to be drawn on the basis of pupil ‘baskets’ (per capita), in addition to funds for education environment (operational resources and capital assets), targeted funds for implementation of programmes and projects, funds of sponsors, etc. Pupil ‘basket’ funds are allocated to municipalities as targeted grants. The funds of pupil ‘baskets’ are to be used for implementation of the education policy approved by the Minister of Education and Science, i.e. to remunerate the teaching and administrative staff, social pedagogue and librarian, acquire textbooks and other teaching aids and also implement teacher in-service training policy.

Quality assurance

Schools and post-secondary

To assure the quality of education at general education schools, starting from September 2004, the methodology of internal audit (evaluation) has been applied in all general education schools. In 2007, performance of internal audits in general education schools was initiated under the newly approved Procedure for the Internal Audit of General Education Schools. In 2009, general education schools abandoned the internal audit. Instead, the National School Agency for Education Evaluation prepared, by order of the Minister of Education and Science, the Guidelines for Self-Evaluation of Quality in General Education School Performance. The Guidelines were approved by a ministerial order as guidance to be complied with by general education school leaders when analysing the state of school performance and management resources. In 2005, the Ministry of Education and Science established a National School Evaluation Agency with the main function of external improvement-oriented evaluation of general education schools. On a national basis, the external audit (evaluation) methodology has been applied from the 2007/08 school year onwards.

ICT in education initiatives

Higher education

• e-Learning Technology Centre at Kaunas University of Technology

• Lithuanian Virtual University, a new national initiative with a consortium approach.

• Lithuanian National Distance Education Network, (LieDM)

• National Association of Distance Education (NADE), Nacionaline distancinio mokymo asociacija (NDMA)

• Vytautas Magnus University Distance Study Centre

References

1. Official English page for Lithuanian governmnet
2. Lietuva.lt General information about Lithuania (in English)
3. General information about Lithuania (in English)
4. Distance Education Centre
5. BOLDIC – Lithuania Report. Open and Distane Learning in Lithuania

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