Egypt

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Egypt in a nutshell

Egypt officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world. Covering an area of about 1,010,000 square kilometers (390,000 sq mi), Egypt is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west.

Egypt is one of the most populous countries in Africa and the Middle East. The great majority of its estimated 80 million peoplelive near the banks of the Nile River, in an area of about 40,000 square kilometers (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable land is found. The large areas of the Sahara Desert are sparsely inhabited. About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta.

Egypt is the most populated country in the Middle East and the third most populous on the African continent, at about 80 million inhabitants in 2009. Population grew rapidly from 1970–2010 due to medical advances and increases in agricultural productivity, enabled by the Green Revolution. Egypt's population was estimated at only 3 million when Napoleon invaded the country in 1798. In 1939, Egypt had a population of 16.5 million. Egypt is famous for its ancient civilization and some of the world's most famous monuments, including the Giza pyramid complex and its Great Sphinx. The southern city of Luxor contains numerous ancient artifacts, such as the Karnak Temple and the Valley of the Kings. Egypt is widely regarded as an important political and cultural nation of the Middle East.

Egyptians are by far the largest ethnic group in Egypt at 91% of the total population. Ethnic minorities include the Abazas, Turks, Greeks, Bedouin Arab tribes living in the eastern deserts and the Sinai Peninsula, the Berber-speaking Siwis (Amazigh) of the Siwa Oasis, and the Nubian communities clustered along the Nile. There are also tribal Beja communities concentrated in the south-eastern-most corner, and a number of Dom clans mostly in the Nile Delta and Faiyum who are progressively becoming assimilated as urbanization increases. According to the International Organization for Migration, an estimated 2.7 million Egyptians live abroad. Approximately 70% of Egyptian migrants live in Arab countries (923,600 in Saudi Arabia, 332,600 in Libya, 226,850 in Jordan, 190,550 in Kuwait with the rest elsewhere in the region) and the remaining 30 % are living mostly in Europe and North America (318,000 in the US, 110,000 in Canada and 90,000 in Italy).

Source: Wikipedia's page on Egypt

Egypt education policy

Related documents:

• Egypt Education

Egypt education system

Source:: Wikipedia's web page on Education in Egypt

Higher education

Universities in Egypt

Public universities

• Mansoura University
• Ain Shams University
• Al-Azhar University
• Alexandria University
• Al-Fayyum University
• Al-Minya University
• Assiut University
• Banha University
• Bani Suwayf University
• Cairo University
• Helwan University
• Minufiya University
• Sadat Academy for Management Sciences
• South Valley University
• Suez Canal University
• Tanta University
• Zagazig University
• Military Technical College (MTC)

Private universities

• Arab Academy for Science and Technology and Maritime Transport
• Akhbar El Yom Academy
• Al-Ahram Canadian University (ACU)
• American University in Cairo (AUC)
• Arab Open University (AOU)
• British University in Egypt (BUE)
• Canadian International College (CIC)
• Cairo American College (CAE)
• El Shorouk Academy
• Egyptian Russian University (ERU)
• Future University in Egypt (FUE)
• Université Française d'Égypte (UFE)
• German University in Cairo (GUC)
• Heliopolis University
• Higher Technological Institute (HTI)
• International Academy for Media Sciences (IAMS)
• Misr International University (MIU)
• Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST)
• Modern Academy In Maadi (MAM)
• Modern Sciences and Arts University (MSA)
• Nahda University
• Nile University
• October 6 University
• Pharos University in Alexandria (PUA)
• Sinai University
• The High Institute of Applied Arts
• Thebes Academy

Sources:

• Wikipedia's list on Egypt Universities
• Egypt Colleges and Universities

Egypt's HEIs in the information society

"The Egyptian government identified information and communication technology (ICT) as a national development priority in 1999, and the country aspires to become a regional and international ICT provider competing with India and Ireland (Hassanin, 2003). In October 1999, a new Egyptian Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (MCIT) was established as the first step towards executing the national project for a technological renaissance to achieve the ‘Egyptian Information Society’ (Darwish, 2003), which aims to offer individuals, businesses and communities the opportunity to harness the benefits of ICT within the boundaries of national priorities and issues (ESCWA, n.d.). MCIT was entrusted with developing and improving the telecommunication infrastructure, creating an Egyptian Information Society and preparing the National Communications and Information Technology Plan (NCITP). MCIT’s strategy concentrates on building partnerships with the private sector via working groups to produce new initiatives and projects for the ICT market (Ismail & El Nawawy, n.d.).

It is within this movement that current trends in ICT in higher education are located. This chapter provides a review of literature on the status of higher education and ICT in Egypt. The broader context of prioritising ICT on a national level is considered, before looking specifically at higher education challenges and e-learning initiatives centred in higher education. Internet-based searching, the resource centre of the South African Institute of Distance Education (SAIDE) and an Egyptian educational technology expert provided the input for this review. While every attempt was made to gather up-to-date information, there was a general paucity of research on the use of e-learning at higher education institutions, as well as on challenges facing higher education in Egypt. Nevertheless, most recent reports are represented, and attempts were made to extricate information from various other reports. Several university web sites were reviewed in order to ascertain whether they had ICT and e-learning policies or whether they offered an e-learning component. The research revealed large disparities between institutions regarding ICT resources and use of e-learning, with some universities having established e-learning centres, while others did not provide any e-learning facility. In addition, reports on challenges facing the higher education sector point to the need to focus on e-learning as an area of priority."

Source: Partnership for Higher Education in Africa (PHEA) - Educational Technology Initiative - report on Egypt (PDF - 19 pages)

Virtual initiatives in HE

• There is a large branch of the Arab Open University.

• There is a new entity as of 2008 called the Egyptian e-Learning University - with a web site at http://www.eelu.edu.eg

• The Egyptian University Network has set up the National E-learning Center, one of five different projects that have been established by The Information & Communication Technology Project (ICTP).

References

1. Egypt Government official web site (EN)
2. [Ministry of Education] (non-EN) but the English web page about E-learning is temporarily unavailable (October 2008). The Arabic links go to the mission of e-learning, a movie about e-learning, other sites, ...

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