Eswatini

Partners situated in Swaziland

None.

Swaziland in a nutshell

(sourced from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaziland)

Swaziland, the Kingdom of Swaziland (Umbuso weSwatini), sometimes called Ngwane, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa, bordered to the north, south, and west by South Africa, and to the east by Mozambique.

Source : http://www.cia.gov

The nation, as well as its people, are named after the 19th century king Mswati II.

Its population is 1.18 million.

Its capital is Lobamba (royal capital) and Mbabane (administrative capital and the largest city).

Swaziland's economy is dominated by the service industry, manufacturing and agriculture. Some 75% of the population are employed in subsistence farming, and 60% of the population live on less than US$1.25 per day.

Swaziland's main trading partner is South Africa, and its currency is pegged to the South African rand.

Swaziland's economic growth and societal integrity has been highly endangered by an ongoing HIV epidemic.

Education in Swaziland

Education in Swaziland is now free at primary level mainly 1st and 2nd grades and also free for orphaned and vulnerable children but not compulsory. In 1996, the net primary school enrollment rate was 90.8%, with gender parity at the primary level. In 1998, 80.5% of children reached grade five. (1) Primary school attendance rates were unavailable for Swaziland as of 2001. In 1996, 91.3 percent of the teachers were certified to teach according to national standards, and the pupil to teacher ratio was 33:9. (2)

Swaziland education system

Pre-Primary education The Ministry of Education’s policy has moved away from Pre-School Education that caters for children between the ages 3 to 6 in order to also incorporate ages 0 to 3. However, the Ministry has no formal control over this very early level of education because it has not yet been fully integrated into the formal education structure.

Basic education Swaziland adopted a ten-year basic education programme as part of the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) Protocol on Education. Seven years of primary education are followed by three years of lower secondary education. This system faces several challenges that include ensuring the availability of schools and teachers, and the provision of teacher salaries.

Secondary education As in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Swaziland’s school system allows only a small proportion of students access to secondary school. The bulk of the students drop out at earlier levels. The Government is exploring ways to ensure that graduates at this level possess the skills and knowledge to participate effectively in society. This has led to the development of a prevocational pilot project that aims to give children practical and entrepreneurial skills.

Non-formal education Non-formal education is currently in the hands of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and parastatal bodies. They mainly address the need for adult literacy and numeracy programmes. (3)

Higher education

According to the Southern African Regional Universities Association, there is one publicly funded university, one polytechnic and four publicly funded colleges in Swaziland. (4)

Universities in Swaziland

The University of Swaziland http://www.uniswa.sz/

Polytechnics in Swaziland

Specific information difficult to find.

Colleges in Swaziland

Swaziland College of Technology http://www.scot.co.sz/

Education reform

Schools

Swaziland’s main priority at Independence in 1968 was to expand its school system. Over the following 20 years there was a major increase in resources made available to all levels of education, and a systematic movement towards the achievement of Universal Primary Education (UPE) in 1985. In recent years the country has been struggling to maintain UPE because of difficulties associated with financial constraints, the HIV/AIDS pandemic, and poverty - which is beginning to manifest itself in the rural areas of the country. (3)

Post-secondary

There is no national HE policy in Swaziland. (4)

Administration and finance

Schools

The education system is still very centralised, with all power and authority located at the national level. There is minimal delegation, and the main task of the District Education Officers is to focus efforts on the implementation of national policies. The National Ministry of Education manages the curriculum, assessment procedures, and recruitment of teachers. However it should be noted that this is carried out in association with local communities and civil society. (3) For example, the Ministry of Education pays teacher salaries, while student fees and money raised from the community pay for costs such as building upkeep and teacher housing. (2) Financial planning is controlled by the Ministry of Planning and Development and the Ministry of Finance. That is, the Ministry of Education’s financial operations are decided and monitored elsewhere - a situation that offers many challenges for the Ministry of Education. (3)

Public Expenditure on Education as a % of Gross National Income (GNI) = 5.5% (4)

Post-secondary

• The University Council is responsible for university operations and ensures the smooth operation of the University of Swaziland.
• University Senate is responsible for all academic affairs of the university and all affiliated tertiary institutions.
• The University Research Board is responsible for commissioning research studies, advising on issues related to research and ensuring the progressive operation of the university research centre.
• % Education budget allocated to higher education = 22% (2007)
• There is a loan/grant scheme in place (4)

Quality assurance

Schools

The National Ministry of Education manages the curriculum and assessment procedures.

Post-secondary

• The Scholarship Selection Board is responsible for screening tertiary education scholarship applications and making recommendations to the minister of education on who should be awarded scholarships. (4)

ICT in education initiatives

Virtual initiatives in post-secondary education

The University of Swaziland has an Institute of Distance Education which has in October 2009 produced Issue 1 of an informative Newsletter - http://www.uniswa.sz/academic/distlearn/newsletter.pdf

The Institute will offer three new programmes:

1. Certificate in Portuguese
2. Bachelor of Education degree in Primary Education
3. Bachelor of Education degree in Secondary Education

These are done in collaboration with the Eduardo Mondlane University in Maputo (Portuguese programme) - it is the oldest and largest university in Mozambique - and the staff of the University of Swaziland Faculty of Education (degrees in Education)

The Institute has also recently installed Moodle.

References

1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaziland#Education

2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Swaziland

3. Southern and Eastern African consortium for monitoring educational quality http://www.sacmeq.org/education-swaziland.htm

4. http://www.sarua.org/?q=Swaziland

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