Virtual Education Wiki - User contributions [en]

Abbreviations

2009-09-18T09:59:50Z

Gertjan: /* Abbreviations */ UEH added

This is (to be) a full list of abbreviations for organisations and other activities of relevance to Re.ViCa.

A number of technical abbreviations are added - these do not link to Re.ViCa wiki pages. They are included as they are codes to avoid when creating or selecting codes for institutions and other entities.

Two-character codes are discouraged except when they are [[country codes]] but some are so common that we have been forced to adopt them.

Single-character codes are forbidden as they are used for various technical purposes.

'''Editors! Always check abbreviations first with Google and [http://www.acronymfinder.com/ Acronym finder]!'''

== Abbreviations ==
(other than 2-character country codes and 1-character codes for technical use)

The following list has been extracted from the list developed for [[The e-University Compendium]] and then further developed.

It is aimed to contain the standard abbreviations for all entities, institutions, programmes (especially [[MELI]]s etc) and projects of interest in the countries of most interest - plus for open/distance teaching universities across the world.

# [[AABSC]] stands for the [[Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business]]
# [[AAOU]] stands for the [[Asian Association of Open Universities]]
# [[AAU]] stands for [[Aalborg University]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[ABED]] stands for the [[Brazilian Association of Distance Education]]
# [[ACODE]] stands for [[Australasian Council on Open, Distance and E-Learning]]
# [[ACU]] stands for [[Association of Commonwealth Universities]] - see also [[Australian Catholic University]] and [[Abilene Christian University]] ([[US]])
# [[AIESAD]] stands for Asociación Iberoamericana de Educación Superior a Distancia, the [[Ibero-American Association of Distance Education Universities]]
# [[AIOU]] stands for the [[Allama Iqbal Open University]] ([[Pakistan]]) - see also
# AIOU stands for the [[Asia International Open University]] ([[Macao]])
# [[AIU]] stands for [[American InterContinental University]]
# [[AJU]] stands for [[Andrew Jackson University‎]] ([[US]])
# [[ALFA]] stands for [[América Latina - Formación Académica]], a programme of cooperation between higher education institutions of the European Union and Latin America
# [[ALT]] stands for [[Association for Learning Technology]], focussed on the [[UK]]
# [[AMBA]] stands for The Association of MBAs
# [[AmSU]] stands for [[Amur State University]] ([[Russia]])
# [[AMU]] stands for [[Academy of Performing Arts in Prague]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[ANCED]] stands for the [[Asociación Nacional de Centros de e-Learning y Distancia]] ([[Spain]])
# [[AOU]] stands for the [[Arab Open University]]
# [[APQN]] stands for [[Asia-Pacific Quality Network]]
# [[AQF]] stands for [[Australian Qualifications Framework]]
# [[ARIADNE]] stands for [[Alliance of Remote Instructional Authoring and Distribution Networks for Europe]]
# [[ARIEL]] stands for [[Analysing and Reporting the Implementation of Electronic Learning in Europe]]
# [[ASEAN]] stands for [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations]]
# [[ATN]] stands for [[Australian Technology Network]] (of universities)
# [[AU]] stands for [[Australia]] (the country) or:
# AU (DK) stands for [[Aarhus University]] ([[Denmark]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# AU (CA) stands for [[Athabasca University]] ([[Canada]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# AU stands for Ashford University ([[US]])
# [[AUCC]] stands for the [[Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada]]
# [[AUGent]] stands for [[Ghent University Association]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[AUHA]] stands for [[Associatie Universiteit & Hogescholen Antwerpen]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[AUHL]] stands for [[Associatie Universiteit-Hogescholen Limburg]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[AULP]] stands for [[Associação das Universidades de Língua Portuguesa]] ([[Association of Universities in the Language of Portuguese]])
# [[AUO]] stands for [[Ashford University Online]]
# [[AUQA]] stands for the [[Australian Universities Quality Agency]]
# [[AUT]] stands for [[Auckland University of Technology]] - no longer for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_University_Teachers Association of University Teachers] which does not exist now
# [[AUTH]] stands for [[Aristotle University of Thessaloniki]] ([[Greece]])
# [[AVU]] stands for [[African Virtual University]]
# [[AZUN]] stands for [[Arizona Universities Network]], [[US]]
# [[BAOU]] stands for [[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University]] ([[Turkey]])
# [[BAU]] stand for [[Al-Balqa' Applied University]] ([[Jordan]])
# [[BAWEST]] stands for [[Business Academy West]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[BBE]] stands for [[Business of Borderless Education]] (report)
# [[BCOU]] stands for [[British Columbia Open University]] (now absorbed into [[Thompson Rivers University]])
# [[Becta]] or formerly [[BECTa]] stands for [[British Educational Communications and Technology Agency]] ([[UK]]) but the long form is rarely used now
# [[BELNET]] stands for the [[Belgian Research and Education Network]]
# [[BFSU]] stands for [[Beijing Foreign Studies University]] ([[China]])
# [[BI]] stands for [[BI Norwegian School of Management]] - see also [[Burundi]], [[Africa]]
# [[BME]] stands for [[Budapest University of Technology and Economics]] ([[Hungary]])
# [[BMUKK]] stands for ''Bundesministerium für Unterricht, Kunst und Kultur''/ [[Federal_Ministry_for_Education%2C_Arts_and_Culture]] ([[Austria]])
# [[BMWF]] stands for ''Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung'' / [[Federal Ministry of Science and Research]] ([[Austria]])
# [[BNU]] stands for [[Beijing Normal University]] ([[China]])
# [[BOU]] stands for the [[Bangladesh Open University]]
# [[BRAOU]] stands for the [[Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[BSEC]] stands for [[Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation]]
# [[BTVU]] stands for [[Beijing Radio & TV University‎]] ([[China]])
# [[BVU]] stands for [[Bulgarian Virtual University]] or [[Best Virtual Universities Organisation]]
# [[CANARIE]] stands for [[Canadian Network for the Advancement of Research, Industry and Education]], the [[NREN]] in [[Canada]]
# [[CARADOL]] stands for the [[Caribbean Association for Distance and Open Learning]]
# [[CARET]] stands for the [[Centre for Applied Research in Educational Technologies at the University of Cambridge]]
# [[CBS]] stands for [[Copenhagen Business School]]
# [[CBU]] stands for [[Cape Breton University]]
# [[CCC]] stands for [[Coastline Community College]] ([[US]])
# [[CCCOnline]] stands for [[Colorado Community Colleges Online]] ([[US]])
# [[CCDL]] stands for [[Cross Cultural Distance Learning]], an international consortium
# [[CCi]] stands for [[Corinthian Colleges]], Inc. ([[US]])
# [[CCRTVU]] stands for the [[China Central Radio & TV University]]
# [[CCSNH]] stands for [[Community College System of New Hampshire]] ([[US]])
# [[Cederj]] stands for [[Center for Distance Learning of the State of Rio de Janeiro]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[CELI]] stands for [[Ceased E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[CERNET]] stands for the [[China Education and Research Network]]
# [[CETIS]] stands for [[Centre for Educational Technology Interoperability Standards]] but the long form is rarely used now ([[UK]])
# [[CEVU]] stands for [[Collaborative European Virtual University]]
# [[CHEA]] stands for [[Council for Higher Education Accreditation]] (US) - agency
# [[CHEI]] stands for [[Council for Higher Education]] ([[Israel]])
# [[CHEMS]] stands for [[Commonwealth Higher Education Management Service]] - now ceased
# [[CICEI]] stands for Centro de Innovación para la Sociedad de la Información (Innovation Center for the Information Society) ([[Canary Islands]]; [[Spain]])
# [[CIFFAD]] stands for [[Consortium International Francophone de Formation a Distance]]
# [[CMEC]] stands for the [[Council of Ministers of Education, Canada]]
# [[CMU]] stands for [[Carnegie Mellon University]] ([[US]])
# [[CNAM]] stands for [[Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers]] ([[France]])
# [[CNAVES]] was the Portuguese agency for quality in higher education. It closed in 2007 and is now replaced by another body.
# [[CNED]] stands for [[Centre National d'Enseignement à Distance]]. In French the abbreviation is [[Cned]] ([[France]])
# [[CNFD]] stands for [[Campus Numérique Francophone de Dakar]] ([[Senegal]])
# [[COL]] stands for [[Commonwealth of Learning]] ([[Canada]])
# [[COME]] stands for [[Warsaw University Centre for Open and Multimedia Education]] ([[Poland]])
# [[CPLP]] stands for [[Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa]] ([[Community of Portuguese Language Countries]])
# [[CRTVU]] stands for [[China Central Radio & TV University]]
# [[CRUP]] stands for [[Conselho de Reitores das Universidades Portuguesas]] ([[Portugal]])
# [[CSF]] stands for [[Critical success factor]]
# [[CSU]] stands for [[Charles Sturt University]] ([[Australia]])
# [[CTDLC]] stands for [[Connecticut Distance Learning Consortium]] ([[US]])
# [[CTU]] stands for [[Czech Technical University in Prague]] ([[Czech Republic]]) - see also [[Colorado Technical University]] ([[US]])
# [[CU Online]] stands for [[Colorado University Online]] ([[US]])
# [[CU]] stands for [[Charles University]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# CU stands for [[Cyber University]] ([[Japan]])
# [[CUTV]] stands for [[Carleton University]] Television ([[Canada]])
# [[CVA-RICESU]] stands for [[Comunidade Virtual de Aprendizagem Rede de Instituições Católicas de Ensino Superior]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[CVC]] stands for [[California Virtual Campus]] ([[US]])
# [[CVG]] stands for [[Campus Virtuel en Gestion]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[CVU]] stands for [[Canadian Virtual University]]. It was also used in the past for [[Clyde Virtual University]].
# [[DBIS]] stands for the [[Department for Business, Innovation & Skills]] of the [[UK]], which oversees universities and colleges
# [[DCSF]] is the ''Department for Children, Schools and Families'' of the [[UK]]
# [[DCU]] stands for [[Dublin City University]] ([[Ireland]]) - the host of [[OSCAIL]]
# [[DDU]] stands for the [[Dutch Digital University]] (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation [[DU]] commonly used in [[Netherlands]])
# [[DEASA]] stands for the [[Distance Education Association of Southern Africa]]
# [[DEEWR]] is the ''Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations'' in [[Australia]]
# [[DELNI]] is the ''Department for Employment and Learning, [[Northern Ireland]]''
# [[DELOS]] stands for [[Developing a European e-learning Observation System]]
# [[DEST]] is a department now merged into [[DEEWR]]
# [[DETYA]] stood for ''Department of Education, Training and Youth Affairs'' ([[Australia]]), later called [[DEST]]
# [[DfEE]] stands for the former ''Department for Education and Employment'' of the [[UK]], a very old name for [[DfES]]
# [[DfES]] stands for the former ''Department for Education and Skills'' of the [[UK]], now split into [[DCSF]] and [[DIUS]]
# [[DFID]] stands for ''Department for International Development'' of the [[UK]]
# [[DCU]] stands for [[Daegu Cyber University]] ([[South Korea]])
# [[DGAU]] stands for [[Dennis Gabor Applied University]] ([[Hungary]])
# [[DISC]] stands for [[Distance and International Study Center]] ([[Germany]]) - a.k.a. [[ZFUW]]
# [[DIUS]] is the ''Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills'' of the [[UK]]
# [[DTU]] stands for [[Technical University of Denmark]]
# [[DVD]] stands for Digital Versatile Disk (no longer Digital Video Disk)
# [[DVU]] stands for [[Danish Virtual University]]
# [[E.A.S.Y.]] stands for [[Agency for Easy Access to Virtual Campus]]
# [[EADL]] stands for [[European Association for Distance Learning]]
# [[EADTU]] stands for the [[European Association of Distance Teaching Universities]]
# [[EBS]] stands for [[Estonian Business School Open University]]
# [[ECDVU]] stands for [[Early Childhood Development Virtual University]]
# [[eChina]] stands for the [[Sino-UK eLearning Programme]]
# [[ECTS]] stands for ''European Credit Transfer System'', sometimes called the ''European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System''
# [[EDEN]] stands for [[European Distance and E-Learning Network]]
# [[EDHEC]] stands for [[École De Hautes Études Commerciales du Nord]] ([[France]])
# [[EdiNet]] stands for [[E-learning in Distributed Data Network Laboratory]]
# [[eduGI]] stands for [[Reuse and Sharing of e-Learning Courses in GI Science Education]]
# [[EEA]] stands for the [[:Category:European Economic Area|European Economic Area]]
# [[EELU]] stands for [[Egyptian E-Learning University]]
# [[EeU]] stands for [[Estonian e-University]]
# [[EEZ]] stands for the [[European Economic Zone]] of [[EU]], [[EEA]] and [[Switzerland]]
# [[EFQM]] stands for European Foundation for Quality Management
# [[EhB]] stands for [[Erasmus University College Brussels]]
# [[ELDDA]] stands for e-Learning Digital Dashboard
# [[eLene-TT]] stands for [[e-Learning Network for Teacher Training]]
# [[e-LERU]] stands for [[League of European Research Universities virtual campus]]
# [[ELUE]] stands for [[Improving quality of e-learning in universities]]
# [[ELWA]] stood for ''Education and Learning [[Wales]]'' but is no longer used - see [[HEFCW]]
# [[EML]] stands for Educational Markup Language
# [[eMM]] and [[EMM]] stand for the e-Learning Maturity Model for benchmarking e-learning
# [[E-move]] stands for [[An Operational Conception of Virtual Mobility]]
# [[EMTC]] stands for [[E. mokymosi technologijų centras]], in English [[e-Learning Technology Centre at Kaunas University of Technology]]
# [[ENQA]] stands for the [[European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education]]
# [[EPICS]] stands for [[European Portal for International Courses and Services for Virtual Erasmus]]
# [[EQO]] stands for [[European Quality Observatory]]
# [[EQUEL]] stands for [[E-quality in e-learning research Laboratoire]]
# [[EQUIS]] stands for European Quality Improvement System
# [[eRNIST]] stands for [[European Research Network for ICT in Schools of Tomorrow]]
# [[ESC]] stands for [[Empire State College]] ([[US]])
# [[ESEN]] stands for [[European Small and medium entreprise E-learning Network]]
# [[ESP-T]] stands for [[English for Specific Purposes: Therapeutic Professions]]
# [[ESRC]] stands for [http://www.esrc.ac.uk Economic and Social Research Council] ([[UK]])
# [[ETT.Campus]] stands for [[European Teachers and Trainers campus]]
# [[e-Ttnet]] stands for [[Training of trainers network for e-learning]]
# [[EU]] stands for [[European Union]]
# [[e-U]] stands for the [[UK e-University]] (the one that became [[UKeU]])
# [[EUA]] stands for [[European University Association]]
# [[EUNITE]] stands for [[European Universities Network for IT in Education]]
# [[e-URBs]] stands for [[European Master in Comparative Urban Studies]]
# [[EUROMOVE]] stands for [[European Mobility through Virtual Education]]
# [[EuroPACE]] stands for [[European Professional Association for Collaboration in E-Learning]]
# [[EVENE]] stands for [[Erasmus Virtual Economics & Management Studies Exchange]]
# [[EVICAB]] stands for [[European Virtual Campus for Biomedical Engineering]]
# [[EWNI]] stands for [[England, Wales and Northern Ireland]] - the home nations of the [[UK]] other than [[Scotland]]
# [[FADE]] stands for the [[Finnish Association for Distance Education]]
# [[FATECE]] stands for [[Faculdade de Tecnologia, Ciências e Educação]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[FC]] stands for [[Fisheries College, Bac Ninh]] ([[Vietnam]])
# [[FCCJ]] stands for [[Florida Community College]] Jacksonville
# [[FE]] stands for [[Further Education]] (post-school, non-degree courses)
# [[Fe-ConE]] stands for [[Framework for e-learning Contents Evaluation]]
# [[FELI]] stands for [[Failed E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[FernFH]] stands for [[Ferdinand Porsche FernFH]] ([[Austria]])
# [[FernFH]] stands for [[Ferdinand Porsche FernFH]] ([[Germany]])
# [[FernUni Hagen]] stands for [[FernUniversität in Hagen]] ([[Germany]])
# [[FGV]] stands for Fundação Getúlio Vargas - see [[FGV Online]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[FILTER]] stands for [[Economic filtering of knowledge]]
# [[FSM]] stands for the [[Federated States of Micronesia]] (a country)
# [[FUNDP]] stands for [[Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[FUNIBER]] stands for [[Fundación Universitaria Iberoamericana]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[FUSL]] stands for [[Facultés universitaires Saint-Louis]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[FVU]] stands for [[Finnish Virtual University]]
# [[G-20]] stands for the [[:Category:G-20 countries|Group of Twenty countries]]
# [[G8]] stands for the [[:Category:G8 countries|Group of Eight countries]]
# [[GELI]] stands for [[Giant E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[GROE]] stands for the project [[Global Resources for Online Education]]
# [[Group T]] stands for [[Group T-International University College Leuven]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[GTCS]] stands for [[Georgia Technical College System]] ([[US]])
# [[GU8]] stands for [[Global U8 Consortium]]
# [[GUA]] stands for [[Global University Alliance]], but this phrase has multiple meanings
# [[GVTC]] stands for [[Georgia Virtual Technical College]] ([[US]])
# [[GVU]] stands for [[Global Virtual University]]
# [[HCMCOU]] stands for [[Ho Chi Minh City Open University]] ([[Vietnam]])
# [[HE]] stands for Higher Education (universities and similar institutions)
# [[HECS]] stands for the Higher Education Contribution Scheme, now replaced by the [http://www.ato.gov.au/individuals/pathway.asp?pc=001/002/008/007&mnu=998&mfp=001/002&cy=1 Higher Education Loan Programme] (HELP)
# [[HEFCE]] stands for ''Higher Education Funding Council for England'' ([[UK]])
# [[HEFCW]] stands for ''Higher Education Funding Council for Wales'' ([[UK]])
# [[HEI]] stands for ''Higher Education Institution''
# [[HELIOS]] stands for [[Horizontal E-Learning Integrated Observation System]]
# [[HERO]] stands for Higher Education and Research Opportunities ([[UK]])
# [[HES]] stands for [[Harvard University Extension School]] ([[US]])
# [[HESA]] stands for [[Higher Education South Africa]], an association of Rectors
# [[HETAC]] stands for the [[Higher Education and Training Awards Council]] ([[Ireland]])
# [[HFH]] stands for [[Hamburger Fern-Hochschule]] ([[Austria]])
# [[HFH]] stands for [[Hamburger Fern-Hochschule]] ([[Germany]])
# [[HiG]] stands for [[University of Gävle]] - Högskolan i Gävle ([[Sweden]])
# [[HKU]] stands for [[University of Hong Kong]]
# [[HKVU]] stands for [[Hong Kong Virtual University]]
# [[HKCyberU]] stands for the [[Hong Kong Cyber University]] at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University
# [[HNRTVU]] or [[Henan RTV]] stands for [[Henan Radio & TV University‎]] ([[China]])
# [[HOU]] (GR) stands for the [[Hellenic Open University]] ([[Greece]]) or:
# HOU (VT) [[Hanoi Open University]] ([[Vietnam]])
# [[Howest]] stands for [[University College West Flanders]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[HSUM]] stands for [[Health Sciences University of Mongolia]]
# [[HUBrussel]] stands for [[Hogeschool-Universiteit_Brussel]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[HUT]] used to be used for [[Helsinki University of Technology]] ([[Finland]]) but [[TKK]] (Teknillinen KorkeaKoulu) is preferred
# [[HW]] stands for [[Heriot-Watt University]]
# [[HYCU]] stands for [[Hanyang Cyber University]] ([[South Korea]])
# [[IAU]] stands for [[International Association of Universities]]
# [[IBA]] stands for [[International Business Academy]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[IBC]] stands for [[International Business College]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[ICDE]] stands for the [[International Council for Open and Distance Education]]
# [[ICDL]] stands for the former International Centre for Distance Learning (at [[UKOU]]) - the database is still available to subscribers
# [[ICETEL]] stands for [[Improving Continuing Education and Training through e-learning]]
# [[IDCE]] stands for the [[[Institute of Distance and Continuing Education]http://www.uog.edu.gy/schools/idce]]
# [[IEC]] stands for the [[Idaho Electronic Campus]]
# [[IGNOU]] stands for [[Indira Gandhi National Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[IHA]] stands for [[Engineering College of Aarhus]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[IHK]] stands for [[Copenhagen University College of Engineering]] ([[Denmark]])
# IIT stands for [[Indian Institute of Technology]] ([[India]]); or
# IIT stands for [[Institute of Information Technology]] ([[Vietnam]]) - see also [[IOIT]]
# [[ILCCO]] stands for [[Illinois Community Colleges Online]] ([[US]])
# [[IMRTVU]] stands for [[Inner Mongolia Radio & TV University]]
# [[IMS]] used to stand for Instructional Management System (the initials IMS are no longer an acronym)
# [[INQAAHE]] stands for [[International Network for Quality Assurance Agencies in Higher Education]]
# [[IOCCOC]] stands for [[Iowa Community College Online Consortium]] ([[US]])
# [[IOIT]] stands for [[Institute of Information Technology]] ([[Vietnam]]) - see also [[IIT]]
# [[IOU]] stands for [[Intercultural Open University]] (based in the [[Netherlands]])
# [[ISI]] stands for [[Independent Study in Idaho]] ([[US]])
# [[ITESM]] stands for ''Instituto Tecnologico Superior de Monterrey'' - see [[Tecnológico de Monterrey]] ([[Mexico]])
# [[ITIU]] stansd for [[Università telematica internazionale UNINETTUNO]]
# [[ITU]] stands for [[IT-University of Copenhagen]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[It-vest]] stands for [[IT University West]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[IU]] stands for [[Indiana University]] Online
# [[IUA]] stands for the [[Irish Universities Association]] ([[Ireland]]) (Republic)
# [[IVC]] stands for the [[Illinois Virtual Campus]] ([[US]])
# [[JANET]] stands for Joint Academic NETwork (alleged originally to be a name significant to one of the original developers) ([[UK]])
# [[JIU]] stands for [[Jones International University]]
# [[JKU]] stands for [[Johannes Kepler Universität Linz]] ([[Austria]])
# [[JPPSG]] stands for [[Joint Procurement Policy and Strategy Group]] ([[UK]] Higher Education)
# [[JSTVU]] stands for [[Jiangsu Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[KaHo Sint-Lieven]] stands for [[Katholieke Hogeschool Sint-Lieven]]/[[Catholic University College Ghent]]([[Belgium]])
# [[KHiS]] stands for [[Kommuner och Hogskolor i Samverkan]] ([[Sweden]])
# [[KHK]] stands for [[KH Kempen University College]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[KHLim]] stands for [[Limburg Catholic University College| Katholieke Hogeschool Limburg]] or [[Limburg Catholic University College]] in English ([[Belgium]])
# [[KIIB&M]] stands for [[Kuban Institute of International Business and Management]] ([[Russia]])
# [[KIU]] stands for [[Knowledge International University]] ([[Saudi Arabia]])
# [[KKHSOU]] stands for [[K. K. Handique State University]] or K. K. Handique State Open University ([[India]])
# [[KNOU]] stands for [[Korea National Open University]]
# [[KSF]] stands for [[Key success factor]]
# [[KSOU]] stands for [[Karnataka State Open University]]
# [[KTH]] stands for [[KTH Royal Institute of Technology]] ([[Sweden]])
# [[KU]] (DK) stands for [[University of Copenhagen]] ([[Denmark]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# KU (KE) stands for [[Kenyatta University]] ([[Kenya]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# KU (US) stands for [[Kaplan College]] or Kaplan University ([[US]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation)
# [[KYVC]] and [[KYVU]] stand for [[Kentucky Virtual University]] ([[US]])
# [[LATWF]] stands for the [[Learning and Technology World Forum]], a series of conferences held each January in London, [[UK]]
# [[LCUC]] stands for [[Limburg Catholic University College]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[LERU]] stands for [[League of European Research Universities]]
# [[LieDM]] or [[LIEDM]] stands for [[Lithuanian National Distance Education Network]]
# [[LIFE]] stands for [[Learning Interoperability Framework for Europe]]
# [[LiU]] stands for [[Linköping University]]
# [[LIVIUS]] stands for [[Learning in a Virtual Integrated University]]
# [[LSDA]] stands for the former Learning and Skills Development Agency ([[UK]]) - now split into [[LSN]] and [[QIA]]
# [[LTSC]] stands for Learning Technology Standards Committee (of IEEE)
# [[LU]] stands for [[Luxembourg]] (the country) or:
# LU (CA) stands for [[Lakehead University]] ([[Canada]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# LU (CA) stands for [[Laurentian University]] ([[Canada]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation)
# [[LVU]] stands for [[Lithuanian Virtual University]]
# [[MASSIVE]] stands for [[Modelling Advice and Support Services to Integrate Virtual Component in Higher Education]]
# [[MASTER]] stand for [[Mobility, Assessment, Selection, Technology and E-Learning Research]]
# [[MCO]] stands for [[Massachusetts Colleges Online]] ([[US]])
# [[MEDIU]] stands for [[Al-Madinah International University]] ([[Philippines]])
# [[MELI]] stands for [[Major E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[MENU]] stands for [[Model for a European Networked University for e-Learning]]
# [[MESI]] stands for [[Moscow State University of Economics, Statistics and Informatics]] ([[Russia]])
# [[MEXT]] stands for the [[Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology]] ([[Japan]])
# [[MIT]] stands for the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] ([[US]])
# [[MOO]] stands for Multi-User Dungeons, Object Oriented
# [[MPBOU]] stands for [[Madhya Pradesh Bhoj Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[MSU]] stands for [[Michigan State University]] ([[US]])
# [[MU]] stands for [[Masaryk University]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[MUS]] stands for [[Montana University System‎]] ([[US]])
# [[MUW]] stands for [[Medizinische Universität Wien]] ([[Austria]])
# [[MVHS]] stands for Michigan Virtual High School ([[US]]) - see [[Michigan Virtual University]]
# [[MVS]] stands for Michigan Virtual School ([[US]]) - see [[Michigan Virtual University]]
# [[MVU]] (US) stands for [[Michigan Virtual University]] ([[US]]) - or:
# MVU stands for [[Mediterranean Virtual University]], a consortium
# [[NADE]] (NO) stands for the [[Norwegian Association for Distance Education]] or:
# NADE (LT) stands for the [[National Association of Distance Education]] in [[Lithuania]]
# [[NAHE]] stands for the [[Swedish National Association for Higher Education]]
# [[NCSL]] stands for [[National College for School Leadership]] in the [[UK]]
# [[NCU]] stands for [[Northcentral University]] ([[US]])
# [[NDEC]] stands for the National Distance Education Centre of [[Ireland]] - see also [[Oscail]] in Irish
# [[NDMA]] stands for [[Nacionaline distancinio mokymo asociacija]], in English [[National Association of Distance Education]]
# [[NELI]] stands for [[Notable E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[NIME]] stands for the [[National Institute of Multimedia Education]] ([[Japan]])
# [[NJVU]] stands for [[New Jersey Virtual University]] ([[US]])
# [[NKI]] stands for [[NKI Distance Education]], the main distance learning provider in [[Norway]]
# [[NKS]] stands for [[NKS Nettstudier]], sometimes called [[NKS Distance Education]] ([[Norway]]) (to be carefully distinguished from [[NKI]])
# [[NMMU]] stands for [[Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[NOKUT]] stands for ''Nasjonalt organ for kvalitet i utdanningen'', the [[Norwegian Agency for Quality Assurance in Education]]
# [[NOU]] stands for [[Norway Opening Universities]], the innovation programme in e-learning for HE in [[Norway]] - or:
# [[NOU]] stands for [[National Open University]] of [[Taiwan]]
# [[NOUN]] stands for the [[National Open University of Nigeria]]
# [[NPTEL]] stands for [[National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning]] ([[India]])
# [[NQAI]] stands for the [[National Qualifications Authority of Ireland]]
# [[NREN]] stands for ''National Research and Education Network''
# [[NSHU]] stands for the [[Swedish Agency for Networks and Cooperation in Higher Education]], formerly called the Swedish Net University Agency - be careful to distinguish this from [[NHSU]], the [[NHS University]] of the [[UK]]
# [[NSOU]] stands for [[Netaji Subhas Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[NSU]] stands for [[Nova Southeastern University]] ([[US]])
# [[NTUU]] stands for [[National Technical University of Ukraine]]
# [[NUCCAT]] stands for ''Northern Universities Consortium for Credit Accumulation and Transfer''
# [[NUS]] stands for [[National University of Singapore]]
# [[NUST]] stands for [[National University of Science and Technology]] ([[Zimbabwe]])
# [[NUU]] stands for [[National University of Uzbekistan]]
# [[NVU]] stands for [[Norwegian Networked University]], an association in Norway
# [[NWPI]] stands for [[North-West State Correspondence Technical University]] ([[Russia]])
# [[NWU]] stands for [[North-West University]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[NZQA]] stands for the [[New Zealand Qualifications Authority]]
# [[OBHE]] stands for the [[Observatory on Borderless Higher Education]]
# [[ODLAA]] stands for the [[Open and distance learning association of Australia]]
# [[ODU]] stands for [[Old Dominion University]] ([[US]])
# [[OECD]] stands for Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
# [[OHIO]] stands for [[Ohio University]] ([[US]])
# [[OHO]] stands for [[Open Hoger Onderwijs]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[OISE]] stands for the [[Ontario Institute for Studies in Education]] - part of the [http://www.utoronto.ca/ University of Toronto] ([[Canada]])
# [[OKI]] stands for Open Knowledge Initiative
# [[OLA]] stands for [[Open Learning Agency]] (British Columbia) – to be closed. It could also stand for ''Open Learning Australia''.
# [[OLCOS]] stands for [[Open e-Learning Content Observatory Services]]
# [[OLF]] stands for [[Open Learning Foundation]] in the [[United Kingdom]]
# [[OLIF]] stands for the [[Online Learning Innovation Fund]] of the [[UK]]
# [[OPENU]] stands for [[Open University of Israel]] ([[Israel]]) - also [[OUI]]
# [[OPNZ]] stands for the [[Open Polytechnic of New Zealand]]
# [[ORMEE]] stands for [[Observatory on Rights Management for e-Learning in Europe]]
# [[OSU]] (CZ) stands for [[University of Ostrava]] ([[Czech Republic]]) - or:
# OSU (RU) [[Orenburg State University]] ([[Russia]])
# [[OTEN]] stands for [[Open Training and Education Network]] ([[Australia]])
# [[OU Libya]] stands for [[Open University of Libya]] ([[Libya]])
# [[OU]] is a common abbreviation for UK [[Open University]] - we try to use [[UKOU]] instead
# [[OUA]] stands for [[Open Universities Australia]] -- formerly ''Open Learning Australia''
# [[OUBS]] stands for [[Open University Business School in Denmark]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[OUC]] (CY) stands for [[Open University of Cyprus]] ([[Cyprus]]) or:
# OUC (US) stands for [[Online University Consortium]] ([[US]])
# [[OUHK]] stands for [[Open University of Hong Kong]]
# [[OUI]] stands for [[Open University of Israel]] - also, [[OPENU]]
# [[OUJ]] stands for the [[Open University of Japan]], formerly the [[University of the Air]]
# [[OUM]] stands for [[Open University of Malaysia]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[OUN]] stands for [[Open Universiteit Nederland]]
# [[OUNR]] stands for [[Open University National Role]] ([[UK]])
# [[OUS]] stands for the [[Open University of Sudan]]
# [[OUSL]] stands for the [[Open University of Sri Lanka]]
# [[OUT]] stands for the [[Open University of Tanzania]]
# [[OUWB]] stands for [[Ohio University Without Boundaries]], [[US]]
# [[P2PU]] stands for [[Peer 2 Peer University]], [[US]]
# [[PANdora]] stands for Pan Asia Networking distance and open resource access, a study project
# [[PBP-VC]] stands for [[Promoting Best Practice in Virtual Campuses]]
# [[PHL]] stands for [[PHL University College]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[PI]] stands for [[Greek Pedagogical Institute]]
# [[PLATO]] stands for [[ICT Platform for Online Learning and Experiences Accreditation in the Mobility Programme]]
# [[PLM-OU]] stands for [[Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila Open University]] ([[Philippines]])
# [[PnM]] or [[PNM]] stand for [[Pick&Mix]]
# [[PNU]] stands for [[Payame Noor University]] ([[Iran]])
# [[PolyU]] stands for [[Hong Kong Polytechnic University]]
# [[PPIU]] stands for [[Phnom Penh International University]] ([[Cambodia]])
# [[PROMETEUS]] stands for PROmoting Multimedia access to Education and Training in EUropean Society
# [[PRTVU]] stands for one of the provincial-level Radio & TV universities in [[China]]
# [[PSSOU]] stands [[Pt. Sunderlal Sharma Open University| Pandit Sunderlal Sharma Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[PSU]] stands for Pennsylvania State University ([[US]]) - see [[Penn State World Campus]]
# [[PUP OU]] stands for [[Polytechnic University of the Philippines]] Open University System ([[Philippines]])
# [[PUW]] stands for [[Polski Uniwersytet Wirtualny]], the [[Polish Virtual University]]
# [[QA]] stands for [[quality assurance]]
# [[QAA]] stands for Quality Assurance Agency (for Higher Education in the [[UK]])
# [[QCA]] stands for Qualifications and Curriculum Authority ([[UK]])
# [[QOU]] stands for [[Al-Quds Open University]] ([[Palestine]])
# [[QUADEM]] stands for [[Quality Assessment of Digital Educational Materials]]
# [[QUAL-E-LEARNING]] stands for [[La qualité de l'eLearning]]
# [[QUT]] stands for [[Queensland University of Technology]] ([[Australia]])
# [[REVE]] stands for [[REal Virtual Erasmus]]
# [[RIO]] stands for Reusable Information Object (as at Cisco)
# [[RLO]] stands for Reusable Learning Object (as at Cisco)
# [[RMIT]] stands for Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (former name for RMIT) ([[Australia]])
# [[RRU]] stands for [[Royal Roads University]] ([[Canada]])
# [[RUC]] stands for [[Roskilde University]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[SAIDE]] stands for [[South African Institute for Distance Education]]
# [[SAIDI]] stands for [[Southeast Asia Interdisciplinary Development Institute]] School of Organization Development ([[Philippines]])
# [[SCAD]] stands for [[Savannah College of Art and Design]] ([[US]])
# [[SCONUL]] stands for Society of College, National and University Libraries
# [[SCORM]] stands for Sharable Course (or Courseware or Content) Object Reference Model
# [[SCQF]] stands for [[Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework]] ([[UK]])
# [[SCRTVU]] stands for [[Sichuan Radio & TV University]] ([[China]]) - see also [[SRTVU]]
# [[SCU]] stands for [[Southern Cross University]] ([[Australia]])
# [[Scuola IaD]] stands for [[Scuola IaD| Scuola per l'Istruzione a Distanza]], University of Rome Tor Vergata ([[Italy]])
# [[SDU]] (DK) stands for [[University of Southern Denmark]] ([[Denmark]]) - or:
# SDU (KR) stands for [[Seoul Digital University]] ([[Korea]])
# [[SEAMOLEC]] stands for [[South Asian Minister of Education Organization Regional Open Learning Center]] ([[Indonesia]])
# [[SEEL]] stands for [[Supporting Excellence in eLearning]]
# [[SEEQUEL]] stands for [[Sustainable Environment for the Evaluation of Quality in eLearning]]
# [[SEFI]] stands for [[European Society for Engineering Education]]
# [[SEU]] stands for [[Southeast University]] ([[Bangladesh]])
# [[SFC]] stands for the [[Scottish Funding Council]] ([[UK]])
# [[SFEFC]] stood for the former ''Scottish Further Education Funding Council'', now part of the [[Scottish Funding Council]] ([[UK]])
# [[SFU]] stands for [[Simon Fraser University]], in Vancouver ([[Canada]])
# [[SHEFC]] stands for the former ''Scottish Higher Education Funding Council'', now part of the [[Scottish Funding Council]] ([[UK]])
# [[SHTVU]] stands for [[Shanghai TV University]] - see also [[STVU]]
# [[SHU]] stands for [[Sheffield Hallam University]] ([[UK]])
# [[SLN]] stands for [[SUNY Learning Network]] ([[US]])
# [[SPC]] stands for [[St. Petersburg College]] ([[US]])
# [[SREB]] stands for [[Southern Regional Electronic Board]] ([[Electronic Campus]])
# [[SRTVU]] stands for [[Sichuan Radio & TV University]] ([[China]]) - see also [[SCRTVU]]
# [[STOU]] stands for [[Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University]] ([[Thailand]])
# [[STVU]] stands for [[Shanghai TV University]] - see also [[SHTVU]]
# [[SUA]] stands for [[Sokoine University of Agriculture]] ([[Tanzania]])
# [[SUNY]] stands for [[State University of New York]]
# [[SURF]] stands for the Dutch educational network ([[Netherlands]])
# [[SURFnet]] stands for SURF network ([[Netherlands]])
# [[SVC]] stands for [[Swiss Virtual Campus]]
# [[SVU]] stands for [[Syrian Virtual University]]
# [[SXRTVU]] stands for [[Shaanxi Radio and Television University]] ([[China]])
# [[SYTVU]] stands for [[Shenyang Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[TDU]] stand for [[Thematic Digital Universities]] ([[France]])
# [[TechBC]] stand for the former [[Technical University of British Columbia]] ([[Canada]])
# [[TÉLUQ ]] (and various variants) stands for the [[Télé-université]] du Québec, now part of the [[Université du Québec à Montréal]] ([[UQAM]])
# [[TGOU]] stands for the [[The Global Open University of Zambia]]
# [[TJRTVU]] stands for [[Tianjin Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[TKK]] stands for [[Helsinki University of Technology]] ('''''T'''eknillinen '''k'''orkea'''k'''oulu'')
# [[TLTP]] stands for Teaching and Learning Technology Programme ([[UK]])
# [[TNOU]] stands for [[Tamil Nadu Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[TQEF]] stands for [[Teaching Quality Enhancement Fund]] ([[UK]])
# [[TRU]] stands for [[Thompson Rivers University]] ([[Canada]])
# [[TUT]] stands for [[Tallinn University of Technology]] ([[Estonia]]) or:
# TUT stands for [[Tshwane University of Technology]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[TVU]] stands for [[Tamil Virtual University]] ([[India]])
# [[U21]] stands for [[Universitas 21]]
# UAB (BR) stands for [[Universidade Aberta do Brasil]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[UAb]] (PT) stands for [[Universidade Aberta]], the [[Portuguese Open University]] ([[Portugal]])
# [[UAE]] stands for [[United Arab Emirates]] (the country)
# [[UArctic]] stands for [[University of the Arctic]]
# [[UB]] stands for [[University of Baltimore]] ([[US]])
# [[UC3M]] stands for [[University Carlos III of Madrid]]
# [[UCAS]] stands for Universities and Colleges Admissions System ([[UK]])
# [[UCC]] stands for [[University College Copenhagen]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCF]] stands for [[University of Central Florida]] ([[US]])
# [[UCISA]] stands for the Universities and Colleges Information Systems Association ([[UK]])
# [[UCJ]] stands for [[Jutland University College]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCL]] stand for [[University College London]] ([[UK]])
# [[UCM]] stands for [[Complutensian University of Madrid]]
# [[UCN]] stands for [[University College of Northern Denmark]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCOE]] stands for [[Ulyanovsk Consortium of Open Education]]
# [[UCOL]] stands for [[Universal College of Learning]] ([[New Zealand]])
# [[UCSC]] stands for [[University of Colombo School of Computing]] ([[Sri Lanka]])
# [[UCSJ]] stands for [[University College Sealand]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCSouth]] stands for [[University College South]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCT]] stands for [[University of Cape Town]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[UDIMA]] stands for [[Universidad a distancia de Madrid]], or Open University of Madrid ([[Spain]])
# [[UEF]] stands for the [[University of Eastern Finland]] ([[Finland]])
# [[UEH]] stands for the [[Université d’Etat d’Haïti]]
# [[Ufi]] (or sometimes [[UFI]]) stands for [[University for Industry]], who deliver [[learndirect]] ([[UK]])
# [[UFM]] stands for [[Universidad Francisco Marroquín]]
# [[UFS]] stands for [[University of the Free State]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[UGent]] stands for [[Universiteit Gent]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[UH]] stands for [[University of Hawaii]] System ([[US]])
# [[UHI]] stands for [[University of the Highlands and Islands]] ([[Scotland]]) ([[UK]])
# [[UIS]] stands for [[University of Illinois Springfield]]
# [[UiTM]] stands for [[Universiti Teknologi MARA]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[UK]] stands for [[United Kingdom]] - see also the University of Kentucky ([[US]])
# [[UKeU]] is the [[UK e-University]], more properly called [[UK eUniversities Worldwide Limited]] ([[UK]])
# [[UKEU]] stands for [[UK eUniversities Worldwide Limited]], or the [[UK eUniversity]] ([[UK]])
# [[UKOLN]] stands for UK Office for Library and Information Networking ([[UK]])
# [[UKOU]] stands for UK [[Open University]] ([[UK]])
# [[ULB]] stands for [[Université Libre de Bruxelles]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[ULC]] stands for [[University College Lillebaelt]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[ULg]] stands for [[University of Liege]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[ULPGC]] stands for [[University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria]] ([[Canary Islands]]; [[Spain]])
#[[ULSTU]] stands for [[Ulyanovsk State Technical University]]
# [[UMCS]] stands for [[Maria Curie-Sklodowska University]]
# [[UMH]] stands for the [[Université de Mons-Hainaut]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[UMU]] stand for [[Umeå University]]
# [[UMUC]] stands for [[University of Maryland University College]] ([[US]])
# [[UNAD]] stands for [[Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia]] ([[Colombia]])
# [[UNAM]] stands for [[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]] ([[Mexico]])
# [[UnB]] stands for [[University of Brazil]] (Universidade de Brasilia) ([[Brazil]])
# [[UNE]] (AU) stands for [[University of New England]] ([[Australia]]) - or:
# UNE (US) stands for [[University of New England (US)]]
# [[UNED]] stands for [[Universidad Estatal a Distancia]] ([[Costa Rica]])
# [[UNED]] stands for [[Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UNESCO]] stands for the [[United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization]]
# [[UNIA]] stands for the [[International University of Andalusia]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UNIACC]] stands for [[Universidad de las Artes, Ciencias, y Comunicaciones]] ([[Chile]])
# [[Uniandes]] stands for [[University of the Andes]] ([[Colombia]])
# [[UNIEDPA]] stands for [[Universidad Estatal a Distancia]] ([[Panama]])
# [[UNINETT]] is the National Education and Research Network for [[Norway]]
# [[UNIOVI]] stands for [[University of Oviedo]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UNI-QM]] stands for [[European University Quality Management Tools for Lifelong Learning]]
# [[UniSA]] stands for [[University of South Australia]] ([[Australia]])
# [[UNISA]] stands for the [[UNISA Online Campus]] at the [[University of South Africa]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[UNISIM]] or [[UniSIM]] stands for [[SIM University]] ([[Singapore]])
# [[UNITAR]] stands for [[Universiti Tun Abdul Razak]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[UNIURB]] stands for [[University of Urbino "Carlo Bo"]] ([[Italy]])
# [[UNR]] stands for [[Universités numériques en région]] ([[France]])
# [[UNT]] stands for [[Universités Numériques Thématiques]] ([[France]])
# [[UOB]] stands for [[University of Bahrain]] ([[Bahrain]])
# [[UOC]] stands for [[Universitat Oberta de Catalunya]], the ''Open University of Catalonia'' ([[Spain]]
# [[UoL]] stands for [[University of London]]
# [[UoP]] stands for [[University of the People]] ([[US]])
# [[UOPX]] stands for [[University of Phoenix]] ([[US]])
# [[UOU]] stands for [[Uttarakhand Open University]] ([[India]] )
# [[UPC]] stands for [[Polytechnic University of Catalonia]]
# [[UPF]] stands for [[Pompeu Fabra University]]
# [[UPM]] stands for [[Universidad Politécnica de Madrid]], the [[Technical University of Madrid]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UPOU]] stands for [[University of the Philippines Open University]] ([[Philippines]])
# [[UPRTOU]] stands for [[U.P. Rajarshi Tandon Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[UPX]] stands for [[University of Phoenix]] ([[US]])
# [[URJC]] stands for [[Rey Juan Carlos University]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UQAM]] stands for the [[Université du Québec à Montréal]] ([[Canada]])
# [[USDLA]] stands for the [[United States Distance Learning Association]] ([[United States]])
# [[USM]] stands for [[Universiti Sains Malaysia]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[USOU]] stands for [[United States Open University]] ([[United States]])
# [[USP]] (BR) stands for the [[University of Sao Paulo]] ([[Brazil]]) or:
# [[USP]] (FJ) stands for the [[University of the South Pacific]] ([[Fiji]]) (online learning)
# [[USQ]] (AU) stands for [[University of Southern Queensland]] ([[Australia]])
# [[USV]] stands for [[Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava]] ([[Romania]])
# [[UAPA]] stands for [[Open University for Adults]] ([[Dominican Republic]])
# [[UT]] (NL) stands for [[University of Twente]] ([[Netherlands]]) - (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# [[UT]] (IN) stands for [[Universitas Terbuka]] ([[Indonesia]]) - (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# [[UT]] (EE) stands for [[University of Tartu]] ([[Estonia]]) - (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation)
# [[UT]] (en) stands for [[University of Texas]] ([[United States]])
# [[UTPL]] stands for [[Universidad Tecnica Particular de Loja]] ([[Ecuador]])
# [[UU]] stands for [[Uppsala University]]
# [[UUK]] stands for [[Universities UK]] ([[United Kingdom]])
# [[UvA]] stands for [[University of Amsterdam]]
# [[UVF]] stands for [[Université Virtuelle Francophone]] ([[Canada]])
# [[UVPL]] stands for [[Université Virtuelle en Pays de la Loire]] ([[France]])
# [[UVQ]] stands for [[Universidad Virtual de Quilmes]] ([[Argentina]])
# [[UVT]] stands for [[Université Virtuelle de Tunis]] ([[Tunisia]])
# [[UWI]] stands for [[University of the West Indies]]
# [[UWIDEC]] stands for [[University of the West Indies]] - Distance Education Centre
# [[UWO]] stands for [[University of Western Ontario]] ([[Canada]])
# [[UWS]] stands for [[University of the West of Scotland]] ([[UK]])
# [[VCSE]] stands for [[Virtual Campus for A Sustainable Europe]]
# [[VEBS]] stands for [[Virtual European Banking School]]
# [[VENUS]] stands for [[Virtual and E-mobility for Networking Universities in Society]]
# [[VFH]] stands for [[Hochschulverbund Virtuelle Fachhochschule]] ([[Germany]]))
# [[VGU]] stands for the [[Virtual Global University]]
# [[VHB]] stands for [[Bavarian Virtual University]] ([[Germany]])
# [[ViCaDiS]] stands for [[Virtual Campus for Digital Students]]
# [[VICTORIOUS]] stands for [[VIrtual Curricula ThrOugh Reliable InterOperating University Systems]]
# [[VIPA]] stands for [[VIrtual campus for virtual space design Provided for european Architects]]
# [[VirtUE]] stands for [[Virtual University for Europe]]
# [[VM-BASE]] stands for [[Virtual Mobility Before and After Student Exchanges]]
# [[VMOU]] stands for [[Vardhaman Mahaveer Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[VŠERS]] stands for [[College of European and Regional Studies]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[VSZDRAV]] stands for [[College of Nursing and Midwifery]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[VU]] stands for [[Pakistan Virtual University]] or Virtual University of Pakistan
# [[VUB]] stands for [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[VUSAT]] stands for [[Virtual University for the Semi-Arid Tropics]] ([[India]])
# [[VUSME]] stands for [[Virtual University for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises]]
# [[VUSSC]] stands for [[Virtual University for Small States of the Commonwealth]]
# [[VUT]] stands for [[Brno University of Technology]]
# [[W&K]] stands for [[Hogeschool voor Wetenschap & Kunst]] / [[University College for Sciences and Arts]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[WADEA]] stands for the [[West African Distance Education Association]]
# [[WCEL]] stands for [[Waikato Centre for eLearning]] ([[New Zealand]])
# [[WCET]] stands for Western Cooperative for Educational Telecommunications
# [[Webcampus]] of the [[Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix]] (FUNDP) ([[Belgium]])
# [[WGU]] stands for [[Western Governors University]] ([[US]])
# [[WHOLE]] stands for [[Web-based health Organisations Learning Environment]]
# [[WOU]] stands for [[Wawasan Open University]]
# [[WSEH]] stands for [[Academy of Humanities and Economics]]
# [[WTO]] stands for World Trade Organisation
# [[XML]] stands for Extensible Markup Language
# [[YCMOU]] stands for [[Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[YÖK]] stands for ''Yükseköğretim Kurulu'', the Turkish for [[Council of Higher Education (Turkey)]]
# [[YRTVU]] stands for [[Yunnan Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[ZFH]] stands for [[Zentralstelle für Fernstudien an Fachhochschulen]] ([[Germany]])
# [[ZFUW]] stands for [[Zentrum für Fernstudien und Universitäre Weiterbildung]] ([[Germany]])
# [[ZAOU]] stands for [[Zambian Open University]]
# [[ZOU]] stands for [[Zimbabwe Open University]]

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> [[Programmes]]
 
>> [[Main Page]]

[[Category:Abbreviations| ]]

UEH

2009-09-18T09:59:03Z

Gertjan: New page: #REDIRECT Université d’Etat d’Haïti Category:Abbreviations

#REDIRECT [[Université d’Etat d’Haïti]]
[[Category:Abbreviations]]

Université d’Etat d’Haïti

2009-09-18T09:58:42Z

Gertjan: template added

{{stub}}
The '' Université d’Etat d’Haïti '' (UEH) supports...


The institution’s main office is in [[Haïti]]. Other campuses...



The Université d’Etat d’Haïti web site is at http://www.ueh.edu.ht







----
> [[Haïti]]

> [[Programmes]]

[[Category: Haïti]]
[[Category:Universities]]
[[Category:Colleges]]
[[Category: University colleges]]

Abbreviations

2009-09-18T09:53:37Z

Gertjan: /* Abbreviations */ UFM added

This is (to be) a full list of abbreviations for organisations and other activities of relevance to Re.ViCa.

A number of technical abbreviations are added - these do not link to Re.ViCa wiki pages. They are included as they are codes to avoid when creating or selecting codes for institutions and other entities.

Two-character codes are discouraged except when they are [[country codes]] but some are so common that we have been forced to adopt them.

Single-character codes are forbidden as they are used for various technical purposes.

'''Editors! Always check abbreviations first with Google and [http://www.acronymfinder.com/ Acronym finder]!'''

== Abbreviations ==
(other than 2-character country codes and 1-character codes for technical use)

The following list has been extracted from the list developed for [[The e-University Compendium]] and then further developed.

It is aimed to contain the standard abbreviations for all entities, institutions, programmes (especially [[MELI]]s etc) and projects of interest in the countries of most interest - plus for open/distance teaching universities across the world.

# [[AABSC]] stands for the [[Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business]]
# [[AAOU]] stands for the [[Asian Association of Open Universities]]
# [[AAU]] stands for [[Aalborg University]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[ABED]] stands for the [[Brazilian Association of Distance Education]]
# [[ACODE]] stands for [[Australasian Council on Open, Distance and E-Learning]]
# [[ACU]] stands for [[Association of Commonwealth Universities]] - see also [[Australian Catholic University]] and [[Abilene Christian University]] ([[US]])
# [[AIESAD]] stands for Asociación Iberoamericana de Educación Superior a Distancia, the [[Ibero-American Association of Distance Education Universities]]
# [[AIOU]] stands for the [[Allama Iqbal Open University]] ([[Pakistan]]) - see also
# AIOU stands for the [[Asia International Open University]] ([[Macao]])
# [[AIU]] stands for [[American InterContinental University]]
# [[AJU]] stands for [[Andrew Jackson University‎]] ([[US]])
# [[ALFA]] stands for [[América Latina - Formación Académica]], a programme of cooperation between higher education institutions of the European Union and Latin America
# [[ALT]] stands for [[Association for Learning Technology]], focussed on the [[UK]]
# [[AMBA]] stands for The Association of MBAs
# [[AmSU]] stands for [[Amur State University]] ([[Russia]])
# [[AMU]] stands for [[Academy of Performing Arts in Prague]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[ANCED]] stands for the [[Asociación Nacional de Centros de e-Learning y Distancia]] ([[Spain]])
# [[AOU]] stands for the [[Arab Open University]]
# [[APQN]] stands for [[Asia-Pacific Quality Network]]
# [[AQF]] stands for [[Australian Qualifications Framework]]
# [[ARIADNE]] stands for [[Alliance of Remote Instructional Authoring and Distribution Networks for Europe]]
# [[ARIEL]] stands for [[Analysing and Reporting the Implementation of Electronic Learning in Europe]]
# [[ASEAN]] stands for [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations]]
# [[ATN]] stands for [[Australian Technology Network]] (of universities)
# [[AU]] stands for [[Australia]] (the country) or:
# AU (DK) stands for [[Aarhus University]] ([[Denmark]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# AU (CA) stands for [[Athabasca University]] ([[Canada]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# AU stands for Ashford University ([[US]])
# [[AUCC]] stands for the [[Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada]]
# [[AUGent]] stands for [[Ghent University Association]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[AUHA]] stands for [[Associatie Universiteit & Hogescholen Antwerpen]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[AUHL]] stands for [[Associatie Universiteit-Hogescholen Limburg]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[AULP]] stands for [[Associação das Universidades de Língua Portuguesa]] ([[Association of Universities in the Language of Portuguese]])
# [[AUO]] stands for [[Ashford University Online]]
# [[AUQA]] stands for the [[Australian Universities Quality Agency]]
# [[AUT]] stands for [[Auckland University of Technology]] - no longer for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_University_Teachers Association of University Teachers] which does not exist now
# [[AUTH]] stands for [[Aristotle University of Thessaloniki]] ([[Greece]])
# [[AVU]] stands for [[African Virtual University]]
# [[AZUN]] stands for [[Arizona Universities Network]], [[US]]
# [[BAOU]] stands for [[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University]] ([[Turkey]])
# [[BAU]] stand for [[Al-Balqa' Applied University]] ([[Jordan]])
# [[BAWEST]] stands for [[Business Academy West]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[BBE]] stands for [[Business of Borderless Education]] (report)
# [[BCOU]] stands for [[British Columbia Open University]] (now absorbed into [[Thompson Rivers University]])
# [[Becta]] or formerly [[BECTa]] stands for [[British Educational Communications and Technology Agency]] ([[UK]]) but the long form is rarely used now
# [[BELNET]] stands for the [[Belgian Research and Education Network]]
# [[BFSU]] stands for [[Beijing Foreign Studies University]] ([[China]])
# [[BI]] stands for [[BI Norwegian School of Management]] - see also [[Burundi]], [[Africa]]
# [[BME]] stands for [[Budapest University of Technology and Economics]] ([[Hungary]])
# [[BMUKK]] stands for ''Bundesministerium für Unterricht, Kunst und Kultur''/ [[Federal_Ministry_for_Education%2C_Arts_and_Culture]] ([[Austria]])
# [[BMWF]] stands for ''Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung'' / [[Federal Ministry of Science and Research]] ([[Austria]])
# [[BNU]] stands for [[Beijing Normal University]] ([[China]])
# [[BOU]] stands for the [[Bangladesh Open University]]
# [[BRAOU]] stands for the [[Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[BSEC]] stands for [[Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation]]
# [[BTVU]] stands for [[Beijing Radio & TV University‎]] ([[China]])
# [[BVU]] stands for [[Bulgarian Virtual University]] or [[Best Virtual Universities Organisation]]
# [[CANARIE]] stands for [[Canadian Network for the Advancement of Research, Industry and Education]], the [[NREN]] in [[Canada]]
# [[CARADOL]] stands for the [[Caribbean Association for Distance and Open Learning]]
# [[CARET]] stands for the [[Centre for Applied Research in Educational Technologies at the University of Cambridge]]
# [[CBS]] stands for [[Copenhagen Business School]]
# [[CBU]] stands for [[Cape Breton University]]
# [[CCC]] stands for [[Coastline Community College]] ([[US]])
# [[CCCOnline]] stands for [[Colorado Community Colleges Online]] ([[US]])
# [[CCDL]] stands for [[Cross Cultural Distance Learning]], an international consortium
# [[CCi]] stands for [[Corinthian Colleges]], Inc. ([[US]])
# [[CCRTVU]] stands for the [[China Central Radio & TV University]]
# [[CCSNH]] stands for [[Community College System of New Hampshire]] ([[US]])
# [[Cederj]] stands for [[Center for Distance Learning of the State of Rio de Janeiro]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[CELI]] stands for [[Ceased E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[CERNET]] stands for the [[China Education and Research Network]]
# [[CETIS]] stands for [[Centre for Educational Technology Interoperability Standards]] but the long form is rarely used now ([[UK]])
# [[CEVU]] stands for [[Collaborative European Virtual University]]
# [[CHEA]] stands for [[Council for Higher Education Accreditation]] (US) - agency
# [[CHEI]] stands for [[Council for Higher Education]] ([[Israel]])
# [[CHEMS]] stands for [[Commonwealth Higher Education Management Service]] - now ceased
# [[CICEI]] stands for Centro de Innovación para la Sociedad de la Información (Innovation Center for the Information Society) ([[Canary Islands]]; [[Spain]])
# [[CIFFAD]] stands for [[Consortium International Francophone de Formation a Distance]]
# [[CMEC]] stands for the [[Council of Ministers of Education, Canada]]
# [[CMU]] stands for [[Carnegie Mellon University]] ([[US]])
# [[CNAM]] stands for [[Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers]] ([[France]])
# [[CNAVES]] was the Portuguese agency for quality in higher education. It closed in 2007 and is now replaced by another body.
# [[CNED]] stands for [[Centre National d'Enseignement à Distance]]. In French the abbreviation is [[Cned]] ([[France]])
# [[CNFD]] stands for [[Campus Numérique Francophone de Dakar]] ([[Senegal]])
# [[COL]] stands for [[Commonwealth of Learning]] ([[Canada]])
# [[COME]] stands for [[Warsaw University Centre for Open and Multimedia Education]] ([[Poland]])
# [[CPLP]] stands for [[Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa]] ([[Community of Portuguese Language Countries]])
# [[CRTVU]] stands for [[China Central Radio & TV University]]
# [[CRUP]] stands for [[Conselho de Reitores das Universidades Portuguesas]] ([[Portugal]])
# [[CSF]] stands for [[Critical success factor]]
# [[CSU]] stands for [[Charles Sturt University]] ([[Australia]])
# [[CTDLC]] stands for [[Connecticut Distance Learning Consortium]] ([[US]])
# [[CTU]] stands for [[Czech Technical University in Prague]] ([[Czech Republic]]) - see also [[Colorado Technical University]] ([[US]])
# [[CU Online]] stands for [[Colorado University Online]] ([[US]])
# [[CU]] stands for [[Charles University]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# CU stands for [[Cyber University]] ([[Japan]])
# [[CUTV]] stands for [[Carleton University]] Television ([[Canada]])
# [[CVA-RICESU]] stands for [[Comunidade Virtual de Aprendizagem Rede de Instituições Católicas de Ensino Superior]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[CVC]] stands for [[California Virtual Campus]] ([[US]])
# [[CVG]] stands for [[Campus Virtuel en Gestion]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[CVU]] stands for [[Canadian Virtual University]]. It was also used in the past for [[Clyde Virtual University]].
# [[DBIS]] stands for the [[Department for Business, Innovation & Skills]] of the [[UK]], which oversees universities and colleges
# [[DCSF]] is the ''Department for Children, Schools and Families'' of the [[UK]]
# [[DCU]] stands for [[Dublin City University]] ([[Ireland]]) - the host of [[OSCAIL]]
# [[DDU]] stands for the [[Dutch Digital University]] (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation [[DU]] commonly used in [[Netherlands]])
# [[DEASA]] stands for the [[Distance Education Association of Southern Africa]]
# [[DEEWR]] is the ''Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations'' in [[Australia]]
# [[DELNI]] is the ''Department for Employment and Learning, [[Northern Ireland]]''
# [[DELOS]] stands for [[Developing a European e-learning Observation System]]
# [[DEST]] is a department now merged into [[DEEWR]]
# [[DETYA]] stood for ''Department of Education, Training and Youth Affairs'' ([[Australia]]), later called [[DEST]]
# [[DfEE]] stands for the former ''Department for Education and Employment'' of the [[UK]], a very old name for [[DfES]]
# [[DfES]] stands for the former ''Department for Education and Skills'' of the [[UK]], now split into [[DCSF]] and [[DIUS]]
# [[DFID]] stands for ''Department for International Development'' of the [[UK]]
# [[DCU]] stands for [[Daegu Cyber University]] ([[South Korea]])
# [[DGAU]] stands for [[Dennis Gabor Applied University]] ([[Hungary]])
# [[DISC]] stands for [[Distance and International Study Center]] ([[Germany]]) - a.k.a. [[ZFUW]]
# [[DIUS]] is the ''Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills'' of the [[UK]]
# [[DTU]] stands for [[Technical University of Denmark]]
# [[DVD]] stands for Digital Versatile Disk (no longer Digital Video Disk)
# [[DVU]] stands for [[Danish Virtual University]]
# [[E.A.S.Y.]] stands for [[Agency for Easy Access to Virtual Campus]]
# [[EADL]] stands for [[European Association for Distance Learning]]
# [[EADTU]] stands for the [[European Association of Distance Teaching Universities]]
# [[EBS]] stands for [[Estonian Business School Open University]]
# [[ECDVU]] stands for [[Early Childhood Development Virtual University]]
# [[eChina]] stands for the [[Sino-UK eLearning Programme]]
# [[ECTS]] stands for ''European Credit Transfer System'', sometimes called the ''European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System''
# [[EDEN]] stands for [[European Distance and E-Learning Network]]
# [[EDHEC]] stands for [[École De Hautes Études Commerciales du Nord]] ([[France]])
# [[EdiNet]] stands for [[E-learning in Distributed Data Network Laboratory]]
# [[eduGI]] stands for [[Reuse and Sharing of e-Learning Courses in GI Science Education]]
# [[EEA]] stands for the [[:Category:European Economic Area|European Economic Area]]
# [[EELU]] stands for [[Egyptian E-Learning University]]
# [[EeU]] stands for [[Estonian e-University]]
# [[EEZ]] stands for the [[European Economic Zone]] of [[EU]], [[EEA]] and [[Switzerland]]
# [[EFQM]] stands for European Foundation for Quality Management
# [[EhB]] stands for [[Erasmus University College Brussels]]
# [[ELDDA]] stands for e-Learning Digital Dashboard
# [[eLene-TT]] stands for [[e-Learning Network for Teacher Training]]
# [[e-LERU]] stands for [[League of European Research Universities virtual campus]]
# [[ELUE]] stands for [[Improving quality of e-learning in universities]]
# [[ELWA]] stood for ''Education and Learning [[Wales]]'' but is no longer used - see [[HEFCW]]
# [[EML]] stands for Educational Markup Language
# [[eMM]] and [[EMM]] stand for the e-Learning Maturity Model for benchmarking e-learning
# [[E-move]] stands for [[An Operational Conception of Virtual Mobility]]
# [[EMTC]] stands for [[E. mokymosi technologijų centras]], in English [[e-Learning Technology Centre at Kaunas University of Technology]]
# [[ENQA]] stands for the [[European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education]]
# [[EPICS]] stands for [[European Portal for International Courses and Services for Virtual Erasmus]]
# [[EQO]] stands for [[European Quality Observatory]]
# [[EQUEL]] stands for [[E-quality in e-learning research Laboratoire]]
# [[EQUIS]] stands for European Quality Improvement System
# [[eRNIST]] stands for [[European Research Network for ICT in Schools of Tomorrow]]
# [[ESC]] stands for [[Empire State College]] ([[US]])
# [[ESEN]] stands for [[European Small and medium entreprise E-learning Network]]
# [[ESP-T]] stands for [[English for Specific Purposes: Therapeutic Professions]]
# [[ESRC]] stands for [http://www.esrc.ac.uk Economic and Social Research Council] ([[UK]])
# [[ETT.Campus]] stands for [[European Teachers and Trainers campus]]
# [[e-Ttnet]] stands for [[Training of trainers network for e-learning]]
# [[EU]] stands for [[European Union]]
# [[e-U]] stands for the [[UK e-University]] (the one that became [[UKeU]])
# [[EUA]] stands for [[European University Association]]
# [[EUNITE]] stands for [[European Universities Network for IT in Education]]
# [[e-URBs]] stands for [[European Master in Comparative Urban Studies]]
# [[EUROMOVE]] stands for [[European Mobility through Virtual Education]]
# [[EuroPACE]] stands for [[European Professional Association for Collaboration in E-Learning]]
# [[EVENE]] stands for [[Erasmus Virtual Economics & Management Studies Exchange]]
# [[EVICAB]] stands for [[European Virtual Campus for Biomedical Engineering]]
# [[EWNI]] stands for [[England, Wales and Northern Ireland]] - the home nations of the [[UK]] other than [[Scotland]]
# [[FADE]] stands for the [[Finnish Association for Distance Education]]
# [[FATECE]] stands for [[Faculdade de Tecnologia, Ciências e Educação]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[FC]] stands for [[Fisheries College, Bac Ninh]] ([[Vietnam]])
# [[FCCJ]] stands for [[Florida Community College]] Jacksonville
# [[FE]] stands for [[Further Education]] (post-school, non-degree courses)
# [[Fe-ConE]] stands for [[Framework for e-learning Contents Evaluation]]
# [[FELI]] stands for [[Failed E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[FernFH]] stands for [[Ferdinand Porsche FernFH]] ([[Austria]])
# [[FernFH]] stands for [[Ferdinand Porsche FernFH]] ([[Germany]])
# [[FernUni Hagen]] stands for [[FernUniversität in Hagen]] ([[Germany]])
# [[FGV]] stands for Fundação Getúlio Vargas - see [[FGV Online]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[FILTER]] stands for [[Economic filtering of knowledge]]
# [[FSM]] stands for the [[Federated States of Micronesia]] (a country)
# [[FUNDP]] stands for [[Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[FUNIBER]] stands for [[Fundación Universitaria Iberoamericana]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[FUSL]] stands for [[Facultés universitaires Saint-Louis]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[FVU]] stands for [[Finnish Virtual University]]
# [[G-20]] stands for the [[:Category:G-20 countries|Group of Twenty countries]]
# [[G8]] stands for the [[:Category:G8 countries|Group of Eight countries]]
# [[GELI]] stands for [[Giant E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[GROE]] stands for the project [[Global Resources for Online Education]]
# [[Group T]] stands for [[Group T-International University College Leuven]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[GTCS]] stands for [[Georgia Technical College System]] ([[US]])
# [[GU8]] stands for [[Global U8 Consortium]]
# [[GUA]] stands for [[Global University Alliance]], but this phrase has multiple meanings
# [[GVTC]] stands for [[Georgia Virtual Technical College]] ([[US]])
# [[GVU]] stands for [[Global Virtual University]]
# [[HCMCOU]] stands for [[Ho Chi Minh City Open University]] ([[Vietnam]])
# [[HE]] stands for Higher Education (universities and similar institutions)
# [[HECS]] stands for the Higher Education Contribution Scheme, now replaced by the [http://www.ato.gov.au/individuals/pathway.asp?pc=001/002/008/007&mnu=998&mfp=001/002&cy=1 Higher Education Loan Programme] (HELP)
# [[HEFCE]] stands for ''Higher Education Funding Council for England'' ([[UK]])
# [[HEFCW]] stands for ''Higher Education Funding Council for Wales'' ([[UK]])
# [[HEI]] stands for ''Higher Education Institution''
# [[HELIOS]] stands for [[Horizontal E-Learning Integrated Observation System]]
# [[HERO]] stands for Higher Education and Research Opportunities ([[UK]])
# [[HES]] stands for [[Harvard University Extension School]] ([[US]])
# [[HESA]] stands for [[Higher Education South Africa]], an association of Rectors
# [[HETAC]] stands for the [[Higher Education and Training Awards Council]] ([[Ireland]])
# [[HFH]] stands for [[Hamburger Fern-Hochschule]] ([[Austria]])
# [[HFH]] stands for [[Hamburger Fern-Hochschule]] ([[Germany]])
# [[HiG]] stands for [[University of Gävle]] - Högskolan i Gävle ([[Sweden]])
# [[HKU]] stands for [[University of Hong Kong]]
# [[HKVU]] stands for [[Hong Kong Virtual University]]
# [[HKCyberU]] stands for the [[Hong Kong Cyber University]] at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University
# [[HNRTVU]] or [[Henan RTV]] stands for [[Henan Radio & TV University‎]] ([[China]])
# [[HOU]] (GR) stands for the [[Hellenic Open University]] ([[Greece]]) or:
# HOU (VT) [[Hanoi Open University]] ([[Vietnam]])
# [[Howest]] stands for [[University College West Flanders]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[HSUM]] stands for [[Health Sciences University of Mongolia]]
# [[HUBrussel]] stands for [[Hogeschool-Universiteit_Brussel]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[HUT]] used to be used for [[Helsinki University of Technology]] ([[Finland]]) but [[TKK]] (Teknillinen KorkeaKoulu) is preferred
# [[HW]] stands for [[Heriot-Watt University]]
# [[HYCU]] stands for [[Hanyang Cyber University]] ([[South Korea]])
# [[IAU]] stands for [[International Association of Universities]]
# [[IBA]] stands for [[International Business Academy]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[IBC]] stands for [[International Business College]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[ICDE]] stands for the [[International Council for Open and Distance Education]]
# [[ICDL]] stands for the former International Centre for Distance Learning (at [[UKOU]]) - the database is still available to subscribers
# [[ICETEL]] stands for [[Improving Continuing Education and Training through e-learning]]
# [[IDCE]] stands for the [[[Institute of Distance and Continuing Education]http://www.uog.edu.gy/schools/idce]]
# [[IEC]] stands for the [[Idaho Electronic Campus]]
# [[IGNOU]] stands for [[Indira Gandhi National Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[IHA]] stands for [[Engineering College of Aarhus]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[IHK]] stands for [[Copenhagen University College of Engineering]] ([[Denmark]])
# IIT stands for [[Indian Institute of Technology]] ([[India]]); or
# IIT stands for [[Institute of Information Technology]] ([[Vietnam]]) - see also [[IOIT]]
# [[ILCCO]] stands for [[Illinois Community Colleges Online]] ([[US]])
# [[IMRTVU]] stands for [[Inner Mongolia Radio & TV University]]
# [[IMS]] used to stand for Instructional Management System (the initials IMS are no longer an acronym)
# [[INQAAHE]] stands for [[International Network for Quality Assurance Agencies in Higher Education]]
# [[IOCCOC]] stands for [[Iowa Community College Online Consortium]] ([[US]])
# [[IOIT]] stands for [[Institute of Information Technology]] ([[Vietnam]]) - see also [[IIT]]
# [[IOU]] stands for [[Intercultural Open University]] (based in the [[Netherlands]])
# [[ISI]] stands for [[Independent Study in Idaho]] ([[US]])
# [[ITESM]] stands for ''Instituto Tecnologico Superior de Monterrey'' - see [[Tecnológico de Monterrey]] ([[Mexico]])
# [[ITIU]] stansd for [[Università telematica internazionale UNINETTUNO]]
# [[ITU]] stands for [[IT-University of Copenhagen]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[It-vest]] stands for [[IT University West]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[IU]] stands for [[Indiana University]] Online
# [[IUA]] stands for the [[Irish Universities Association]] ([[Ireland]]) (Republic)
# [[IVC]] stands for the [[Illinois Virtual Campus]] ([[US]])
# [[JANET]] stands for Joint Academic NETwork (alleged originally to be a name significant to one of the original developers) ([[UK]])
# [[JIU]] stands for [[Jones International University]]
# [[JKU]] stands for [[Johannes Kepler Universität Linz]] ([[Austria]])
# [[JPPSG]] stands for [[Joint Procurement Policy and Strategy Group]] ([[UK]] Higher Education)
# [[JSTVU]] stands for [[Jiangsu Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[KaHo Sint-Lieven]] stands for [[Katholieke Hogeschool Sint-Lieven]]/[[Catholic University College Ghent]]([[Belgium]])
# [[KHiS]] stands for [[Kommuner och Hogskolor i Samverkan]] ([[Sweden]])
# [[KHK]] stands for [[KH Kempen University College]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[KHLim]] stands for [[Limburg Catholic University College| Katholieke Hogeschool Limburg]] or [[Limburg Catholic University College]] in English ([[Belgium]])
# [[KIIB&M]] stands for [[Kuban Institute of International Business and Management]] ([[Russia]])
# [[KIU]] stands for [[Knowledge International University]] ([[Saudi Arabia]])
# [[KKHSOU]] stands for [[K. K. Handique State University]] or K. K. Handique State Open University ([[India]])
# [[KNOU]] stands for [[Korea National Open University]]
# [[KSF]] stands for [[Key success factor]]
# [[KSOU]] stands for [[Karnataka State Open University]]
# [[KTH]] stands for [[KTH Royal Institute of Technology]] ([[Sweden]])
# [[KU]] (DK) stands for [[University of Copenhagen]] ([[Denmark]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# KU (KE) stands for [[Kenyatta University]] ([[Kenya]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# KU (US) stands for [[Kaplan College]] or Kaplan University ([[US]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation)
# [[KYVC]] and [[KYVU]] stand for [[Kentucky Virtual University]] ([[US]])
# [[LATWF]] stands for the [[Learning and Technology World Forum]], a series of conferences held each January in London, [[UK]]
# [[LCUC]] stands for [[Limburg Catholic University College]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[LERU]] stands for [[League of European Research Universities]]
# [[LieDM]] or [[LIEDM]] stands for [[Lithuanian National Distance Education Network]]
# [[LIFE]] stands for [[Learning Interoperability Framework for Europe]]
# [[LiU]] stands for [[Linköping University]]
# [[LIVIUS]] stands for [[Learning in a Virtual Integrated University]]
# [[LSDA]] stands for the former Learning and Skills Development Agency ([[UK]]) - now split into [[LSN]] and [[QIA]]
# [[LTSC]] stands for Learning Technology Standards Committee (of IEEE)
# [[LU]] stands for [[Luxembourg]] (the country) or:
# LU (CA) stands for [[Lakehead University]] ([[Canada]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# LU (CA) stands for [[Laurentian University]] ([[Canada]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation)
# [[LVU]] stands for [[Lithuanian Virtual University]]
# [[MASSIVE]] stands for [[Modelling Advice and Support Services to Integrate Virtual Component in Higher Education]]
# [[MASTER]] stand for [[Mobility, Assessment, Selection, Technology and E-Learning Research]]
# [[MCO]] stands for [[Massachusetts Colleges Online]] ([[US]])
# [[MEDIU]] stands for [[Al-Madinah International University]] ([[Philippines]])
# [[MELI]] stands for [[Major E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[MENU]] stands for [[Model for a European Networked University for e-Learning]]
# [[MESI]] stands for [[Moscow State University of Economics, Statistics and Informatics]] ([[Russia]])
# [[MEXT]] stands for the [[Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology]] ([[Japan]])
# [[MIT]] stands for the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] ([[US]])
# [[MOO]] stands for Multi-User Dungeons, Object Oriented
# [[MPBOU]] stands for [[Madhya Pradesh Bhoj Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[MSU]] stands for [[Michigan State University]] ([[US]])
# [[MU]] stands for [[Masaryk University]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[MUS]] stands for [[Montana University System‎]] ([[US]])
# [[MUW]] stands for [[Medizinische Universität Wien]] ([[Austria]])
# [[MVHS]] stands for Michigan Virtual High School ([[US]]) - see [[Michigan Virtual University]]
# [[MVS]] stands for Michigan Virtual School ([[US]]) - see [[Michigan Virtual University]]
# [[MVU]] (US) stands for [[Michigan Virtual University]] ([[US]]) - or:
# MVU stands for [[Mediterranean Virtual University]], a consortium
# [[NADE]] (NO) stands for the [[Norwegian Association for Distance Education]] or:
# NADE (LT) stands for the [[National Association of Distance Education]] in [[Lithuania]]
# [[NAHE]] stands for the [[Swedish National Association for Higher Education]]
# [[NCSL]] stands for [[National College for School Leadership]] in the [[UK]]
# [[NCU]] stands for [[Northcentral University]] ([[US]])
# [[NDEC]] stands for the National Distance Education Centre of [[Ireland]] - see also [[Oscail]] in Irish
# [[NDMA]] stands for [[Nacionaline distancinio mokymo asociacija]], in English [[National Association of Distance Education]]
# [[NELI]] stands for [[Notable E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[NIME]] stands for the [[National Institute of Multimedia Education]] ([[Japan]])
# [[NJVU]] stands for [[New Jersey Virtual University]] ([[US]])
# [[NKI]] stands for [[NKI Distance Education]], the main distance learning provider in [[Norway]]
# [[NKS]] stands for [[NKS Nettstudier]], sometimes called [[NKS Distance Education]] ([[Norway]]) (to be carefully distinguished from [[NKI]])
# [[NMMU]] stands for [[Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[NOKUT]] stands for ''Nasjonalt organ for kvalitet i utdanningen'', the [[Norwegian Agency for Quality Assurance in Education]]
# [[NOU]] stands for [[Norway Opening Universities]], the innovation programme in e-learning for HE in [[Norway]] - or:
# [[NOU]] stands for [[National Open University]] of [[Taiwan]]
# [[NOUN]] stands for the [[National Open University of Nigeria]]
# [[NPTEL]] stands for [[National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning]] ([[India]])
# [[NQAI]] stands for the [[National Qualifications Authority of Ireland]]
# [[NREN]] stands for ''National Research and Education Network''
# [[NSHU]] stands for the [[Swedish Agency for Networks and Cooperation in Higher Education]], formerly called the Swedish Net University Agency - be careful to distinguish this from [[NHSU]], the [[NHS University]] of the [[UK]]
# [[NSOU]] stands for [[Netaji Subhas Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[NSU]] stands for [[Nova Southeastern University]] ([[US]])
# [[NTUU]] stands for [[National Technical University of Ukraine]]
# [[NUCCAT]] stands for ''Northern Universities Consortium for Credit Accumulation and Transfer''
# [[NUS]] stands for [[National University of Singapore]]
# [[NUST]] stands for [[National University of Science and Technology]] ([[Zimbabwe]])
# [[NUU]] stands for [[National University of Uzbekistan]]
# [[NVU]] stands for [[Norwegian Networked University]], an association in Norway
# [[NWPI]] stands for [[North-West State Correspondence Technical University]] ([[Russia]])
# [[NWU]] stands for [[North-West University]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[NZQA]] stands for the [[New Zealand Qualifications Authority]]
# [[OBHE]] stands for the [[Observatory on Borderless Higher Education]]
# [[ODLAA]] stands for the [[Open and distance learning association of Australia]]
# [[ODU]] stands for [[Old Dominion University]] ([[US]])
# [[OECD]] stands for Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
# [[OHIO]] stands for [[Ohio University]] ([[US]])
# [[OHO]] stands for [[Open Hoger Onderwijs]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[OISE]] stands for the [[Ontario Institute for Studies in Education]] - part of the [http://www.utoronto.ca/ University of Toronto] ([[Canada]])
# [[OKI]] stands for Open Knowledge Initiative
# [[OLA]] stands for [[Open Learning Agency]] (British Columbia) – to be closed. It could also stand for ''Open Learning Australia''.
# [[OLCOS]] stands for [[Open e-Learning Content Observatory Services]]
# [[OLF]] stands for [[Open Learning Foundation]] in the [[United Kingdom]]
# [[OLIF]] stands for the [[Online Learning Innovation Fund]] of the [[UK]]
# [[OPENU]] stands for [[Open University of Israel]] ([[Israel]]) - also [[OUI]]
# [[OPNZ]] stands for the [[Open Polytechnic of New Zealand]]
# [[ORMEE]] stands for [[Observatory on Rights Management for e-Learning in Europe]]
# [[OSU]] (CZ) stands for [[University of Ostrava]] ([[Czech Republic]]) - or:
# OSU (RU) [[Orenburg State University]] ([[Russia]])
# [[OTEN]] stands for [[Open Training and Education Network]] ([[Australia]])
# [[OU Libya]] stands for [[Open University of Libya]] ([[Libya]])
# [[OU]] is a common abbreviation for UK [[Open University]] - we try to use [[UKOU]] instead
# [[OUA]] stands for [[Open Universities Australia]] -- formerly ''Open Learning Australia''
# [[OUBS]] stands for [[Open University Business School in Denmark]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[OUC]] (CY) stands for [[Open University of Cyprus]] ([[Cyprus]]) or:
# OUC (US) stands for [[Online University Consortium]] ([[US]])
# [[OUHK]] stands for [[Open University of Hong Kong]]
# [[OUI]] stands for [[Open University of Israel]] - also, [[OPENU]]
# [[OUJ]] stands for the [[Open University of Japan]], formerly the [[University of the Air]]
# [[OUM]] stands for [[Open University of Malaysia]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[OUN]] stands for [[Open Universiteit Nederland]]
# [[OUNR]] stands for [[Open University National Role]] ([[UK]])
# [[OUS]] stands for the [[Open University of Sudan]]
# [[OUSL]] stands for the [[Open University of Sri Lanka]]
# [[OUT]] stands for the [[Open University of Tanzania]]
# [[OUWB]] stands for [[Ohio University Without Boundaries]], [[US]]
# [[P2PU]] stands for [[Peer 2 Peer University]], [[US]]
# [[PANdora]] stands for Pan Asia Networking distance and open resource access, a study project
# [[PBP-VC]] stands for [[Promoting Best Practice in Virtual Campuses]]
# [[PHL]] stands for [[PHL University College]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[PI]] stands for [[Greek Pedagogical Institute]]
# [[PLATO]] stands for [[ICT Platform for Online Learning and Experiences Accreditation in the Mobility Programme]]
# [[PLM-OU]] stands for [[Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila Open University]] ([[Philippines]])
# [[PnM]] or [[PNM]] stand for [[Pick&Mix]]
# [[PNU]] stands for [[Payame Noor University]] ([[Iran]])
# [[PolyU]] stands for [[Hong Kong Polytechnic University]]
# [[PPIU]] stands for [[Phnom Penh International University]] ([[Cambodia]])
# [[PROMETEUS]] stands for PROmoting Multimedia access to Education and Training in EUropean Society
# [[PRTVU]] stands for one of the provincial-level Radio & TV universities in [[China]]
# [[PSSOU]] stands [[Pt. Sunderlal Sharma Open University| Pandit Sunderlal Sharma Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[PSU]] stands for Pennsylvania State University ([[US]]) - see [[Penn State World Campus]]
# [[PUP OU]] stands for [[Polytechnic University of the Philippines]] Open University System ([[Philippines]])
# [[PUW]] stands for [[Polski Uniwersytet Wirtualny]], the [[Polish Virtual University]]
# [[QA]] stands for [[quality assurance]]
# [[QAA]] stands for Quality Assurance Agency (for Higher Education in the [[UK]])
# [[QCA]] stands for Qualifications and Curriculum Authority ([[UK]])
# [[QOU]] stands for [[Al-Quds Open University]] ([[Palestine]])
# [[QUADEM]] stands for [[Quality Assessment of Digital Educational Materials]]
# [[QUAL-E-LEARNING]] stands for [[La qualité de l'eLearning]]
# [[QUT]] stands for [[Queensland University of Technology]] ([[Australia]])
# [[REVE]] stands for [[REal Virtual Erasmus]]
# [[RIO]] stands for Reusable Information Object (as at Cisco)
# [[RLO]] stands for Reusable Learning Object (as at Cisco)
# [[RMIT]] stands for Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (former name for RMIT) ([[Australia]])
# [[RRU]] stands for [[Royal Roads University]] ([[Canada]])
# [[RUC]] stands for [[Roskilde University]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[SAIDE]] stands for [[South African Institute for Distance Education]]
# [[SAIDI]] stands for [[Southeast Asia Interdisciplinary Development Institute]] School of Organization Development ([[Philippines]])
# [[SCAD]] stands for [[Savannah College of Art and Design]] ([[US]])
# [[SCONUL]] stands for Society of College, National and University Libraries
# [[SCORM]] stands for Sharable Course (or Courseware or Content) Object Reference Model
# [[SCQF]] stands for [[Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework]] ([[UK]])
# [[SCRTVU]] stands for [[Sichuan Radio & TV University]] ([[China]]) - see also [[SRTVU]]
# [[SCU]] stands for [[Southern Cross University]] ([[Australia]])
# [[Scuola IaD]] stands for [[Scuola IaD| Scuola per l'Istruzione a Distanza]], University of Rome Tor Vergata ([[Italy]])
# [[SDU]] (DK) stands for [[University of Southern Denmark]] ([[Denmark]]) - or:
# SDU (KR) stands for [[Seoul Digital University]] ([[Korea]])
# [[SEAMOLEC]] stands for [[South Asian Minister of Education Organization Regional Open Learning Center]] ([[Indonesia]])
# [[SEEL]] stands for [[Supporting Excellence in eLearning]]
# [[SEEQUEL]] stands for [[Sustainable Environment for the Evaluation of Quality in eLearning]]
# [[SEFI]] stands for [[European Society for Engineering Education]]
# [[SEU]] stands for [[Southeast University]] ([[Bangladesh]])
# [[SFC]] stands for the [[Scottish Funding Council]] ([[UK]])
# [[SFEFC]] stood for the former ''Scottish Further Education Funding Council'', now part of the [[Scottish Funding Council]] ([[UK]])
# [[SFU]] stands for [[Simon Fraser University]], in Vancouver ([[Canada]])
# [[SHEFC]] stands for the former ''Scottish Higher Education Funding Council'', now part of the [[Scottish Funding Council]] ([[UK]])
# [[SHTVU]] stands for [[Shanghai TV University]] - see also [[STVU]]
# [[SHU]] stands for [[Sheffield Hallam University]] ([[UK]])
# [[SLN]] stands for [[SUNY Learning Network]] ([[US]])
# [[SPC]] stands for [[St. Petersburg College]] ([[US]])
# [[SREB]] stands for [[Southern Regional Electronic Board]] ([[Electronic Campus]])
# [[SRTVU]] stands for [[Sichuan Radio & TV University]] ([[China]]) - see also [[SCRTVU]]
# [[STOU]] stands for [[Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University]] ([[Thailand]])
# [[STVU]] stands for [[Shanghai TV University]] - see also [[SHTVU]]
# [[SUA]] stands for [[Sokoine University of Agriculture]] ([[Tanzania]])
# [[SUNY]] stands for [[State University of New York]]
# [[SURF]] stands for the Dutch educational network ([[Netherlands]])
# [[SURFnet]] stands for SURF network ([[Netherlands]])
# [[SVC]] stands for [[Swiss Virtual Campus]]
# [[SVU]] stands for [[Syrian Virtual University]]
# [[SXRTVU]] stands for [[Shaanxi Radio and Television University]] ([[China]])
# [[SYTVU]] stands for [[Shenyang Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[TDU]] stand for [[Thematic Digital Universities]] ([[France]])
# [[TechBC]] stand for the former [[Technical University of British Columbia]] ([[Canada]])
# [[TÉLUQ ]] (and various variants) stands for the [[Télé-université]] du Québec, now part of the [[Université du Québec à Montréal]] ([[UQAM]])
# [[TGOU]] stands for the [[The Global Open University of Zambia]]
# [[TJRTVU]] stands for [[Tianjin Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[TKK]] stands for [[Helsinki University of Technology]] ('''''T'''eknillinen '''k'''orkea'''k'''oulu'')
# [[TLTP]] stands for Teaching and Learning Technology Programme ([[UK]])
# [[TNOU]] stands for [[Tamil Nadu Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[TQEF]] stands for [[Teaching Quality Enhancement Fund]] ([[UK]])
# [[TRU]] stands for [[Thompson Rivers University]] ([[Canada]])
# [[TUT]] stands for [[Tallinn University of Technology]] ([[Estonia]]) or:
# TUT stands for [[Tshwane University of Technology]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[TVU]] stands for [[Tamil Virtual University]] ([[India]])
# [[U21]] stands for [[Universitas 21]]
# UAB (BR) stands for [[Universidade Aberta do Brasil]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[UAb]] (PT) stands for [[Universidade Aberta]], the [[Portuguese Open University]] ([[Portugal]])
# [[UAE]] stands for [[United Arab Emirates]] (the country)
# [[UArctic]] stands for [[University of the Arctic]]
# [[UB]] stands for [[University of Baltimore]] ([[US]])
# [[UC3M]] stands for [[University Carlos III of Madrid]]
# [[UCAS]] stands for Universities and Colleges Admissions System ([[UK]])
# [[UCC]] stands for [[University College Copenhagen]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCF]] stands for [[University of Central Florida]] ([[US]])
# [[UCISA]] stands for the Universities and Colleges Information Systems Association ([[UK]])
# [[UCJ]] stands for [[Jutland University College]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCL]] stand for [[University College London]] ([[UK]])
# [[UCM]] stands for [[Complutensian University of Madrid]]
# [[UCN]] stands for [[University College of Northern Denmark]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCOE]] stands for [[Ulyanovsk Consortium of Open Education]]
# [[UCOL]] stands for [[Universal College of Learning]] ([[New Zealand]])
# [[UCSC]] stands for [[University of Colombo School of Computing]] ([[Sri Lanka]])
# [[UCSJ]] stands for [[University College Sealand]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCSouth]] stands for [[University College South]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCT]] stands for [[University of Cape Town]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[UDIMA]] stands for [[Universidad a distancia de Madrid]], or Open University of Madrid ([[Spain]])
# [[UEF]] stands for the [[University of Eastern Finland]] ([[Finland]])
# [[Ufi]] (or sometimes [[UFI]]) stands for [[University for Industry]], who deliver [[learndirect]] ([[UK]])
# [[UFM]] stands for [[Universidad Francisco Marroquín]]
# [[UFS]] stands for [[University of the Free State]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[UGent]] stands for [[Universiteit Gent]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[UH]] stands for [[University of Hawaii]] System ([[US]])
# [[UHI]] stands for [[University of the Highlands and Islands]] ([[Scotland]]) ([[UK]])
# [[UIS]] stands for [[University of Illinois Springfield]]
# [[UiTM]] stands for [[Universiti Teknologi MARA]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[UK]] stands for [[United Kingdom]] - see also the University of Kentucky ([[US]])
# [[UKeU]] is the [[UK e-University]], more properly called [[UK eUniversities Worldwide Limited]] ([[UK]])
# [[UKEU]] stands for [[UK eUniversities Worldwide Limited]], or the [[UK eUniversity]] ([[UK]])
# [[UKOLN]] stands for UK Office for Library and Information Networking ([[UK]])
# [[UKOU]] stands for UK [[Open University]] ([[UK]])
# [[ULB]] stands for [[Université Libre de Bruxelles]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[ULC]] stands for [[University College Lillebaelt]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[ULg]] stands for [[University of Liege]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[ULPGC]] stands for [[University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria]] ([[Canary Islands]]; [[Spain]])
#[[ULSTU]] stands for [[Ulyanovsk State Technical University]]
# [[UMCS]] stands for [[Maria Curie-Sklodowska University]]
# [[UMH]] stands for the [[Université de Mons-Hainaut]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[UMU]] stand for [[Umeå University]]
# [[UMUC]] stands for [[University of Maryland University College]] ([[US]])
# [[UNAD]] stands for [[Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia]] ([[Colombia]])
# [[UNAM]] stands for [[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]] ([[Mexico]])
# [[UnB]] stands for [[University of Brazil]] (Universidade de Brasilia) ([[Brazil]])
# [[UNE]] (AU) stands for [[University of New England]] ([[Australia]]) - or:
# UNE (US) stands for [[University of New England (US)]]
# [[UNED]] stands for [[Universidad Estatal a Distancia]] ([[Costa Rica]])
# [[UNED]] stands for [[Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UNESCO]] stands for the [[United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization]]
# [[UNIA]] stands for the [[International University of Andalusia]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UNIACC]] stands for [[Universidad de las Artes, Ciencias, y Comunicaciones]] ([[Chile]])
# [[Uniandes]] stands for [[University of the Andes]] ([[Colombia]])
# [[UNIEDPA]] stands for [[Universidad Estatal a Distancia]] ([[Panama]])
# [[UNINETT]] is the National Education and Research Network for [[Norway]]
# [[UNIOVI]] stands for [[University of Oviedo]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UNI-QM]] stands for [[European University Quality Management Tools for Lifelong Learning]]
# [[UniSA]] stands for [[University of South Australia]] ([[Australia]])
# [[UNISA]] stands for the [[UNISA Online Campus]] at the [[University of South Africa]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[UNISIM]] or [[UniSIM]] stands for [[SIM University]] ([[Singapore]])
# [[UNITAR]] stands for [[Universiti Tun Abdul Razak]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[UNIURB]] stands for [[University of Urbino "Carlo Bo"]] ([[Italy]])
# [[UNR]] stands for [[Universités numériques en région]] ([[France]])
# [[UNT]] stands for [[Universités Numériques Thématiques]] ([[France]])
# [[UOB]] stands for [[University of Bahrain]] ([[Bahrain]])
# [[UOC]] stands for [[Universitat Oberta de Catalunya]], the ''Open University of Catalonia'' ([[Spain]]
# [[UoL]] stands for [[University of London]]
# [[UoP]] stands for [[University of the People]] ([[US]])
# [[UOPX]] stands for [[University of Phoenix]] ([[US]])
# [[UOU]] stands for [[Uttarakhand Open University]] ([[India]] )
# [[UPC]] stands for [[Polytechnic University of Catalonia]]
# [[UPF]] stands for [[Pompeu Fabra University]]
# [[UPM]] stands for [[Universidad Politécnica de Madrid]], the [[Technical University of Madrid]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UPOU]] stands for [[University of the Philippines Open University]] ([[Philippines]])
# [[UPRTOU]] stands for [[U.P. Rajarshi Tandon Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[UPX]] stands for [[University of Phoenix]] ([[US]])
# [[URJC]] stands for [[Rey Juan Carlos University]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UQAM]] stands for the [[Université du Québec à Montréal]] ([[Canada]])
# [[USDLA]] stands for the [[United States Distance Learning Association]] ([[United States]])
# [[USM]] stands for [[Universiti Sains Malaysia]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[USOU]] stands for [[United States Open University]] ([[United States]])
# [[USP]] (BR) stands for the [[University of Sao Paulo]] ([[Brazil]]) or:
# [[USP]] (FJ) stands for the [[University of the South Pacific]] ([[Fiji]]) (online learning)
# [[USQ]] (AU) stands for [[University of Southern Queensland]] ([[Australia]])
# [[USV]] stands for [[Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava]] ([[Romania]])
# [[UAPA]] stands for [[Open University for Adults]] ([[Dominican Republic]])
# [[UT]] (NL) stands for [[University of Twente]] ([[Netherlands]]) - (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# [[UT]] (IN) stands for [[Universitas Terbuka]] ([[Indonesia]]) - (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# [[UT]] (EE) stands for [[University of Tartu]] ([[Estonia]]) - (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation)
# [[UT]] (en) stands for [[University of Texas]] ([[United States]])
# [[UTPL]] stands for [[Universidad Tecnica Particular de Loja]] ([[Ecuador]])
# [[UU]] stands for [[Uppsala University]]
# [[UUK]] stands for [[Universities UK]] ([[United Kingdom]])
# [[UvA]] stands for [[University of Amsterdam]]
# [[UVF]] stands for [[Université Virtuelle Francophone]] ([[Canada]])
# [[UVPL]] stands for [[Université Virtuelle en Pays de la Loire]] ([[France]])
# [[UVQ]] stands for [[Universidad Virtual de Quilmes]] ([[Argentina]])
# [[UVT]] stands for [[Université Virtuelle de Tunis]] ([[Tunisia]])
# [[UWI]] stands for [[University of the West Indies]]
# [[UWIDEC]] stands for [[University of the West Indies]] - Distance Education Centre
# [[UWO]] stands for [[University of Western Ontario]] ([[Canada]])
# [[UWS]] stands for [[University of the West of Scotland]] ([[UK]])
# [[VCSE]] stands for [[Virtual Campus for A Sustainable Europe]]
# [[VEBS]] stands for [[Virtual European Banking School]]
# [[VENUS]] stands for [[Virtual and E-mobility for Networking Universities in Society]]
# [[VFH]] stands for [[Hochschulverbund Virtuelle Fachhochschule]] ([[Germany]]))
# [[VGU]] stands for the [[Virtual Global University]]
# [[VHB]] stands for [[Bavarian Virtual University]] ([[Germany]])
# [[ViCaDiS]] stands for [[Virtual Campus for Digital Students]]
# [[VICTORIOUS]] stands for [[VIrtual Curricula ThrOugh Reliable InterOperating University Systems]]
# [[VIPA]] stands for [[VIrtual campus for virtual space design Provided for european Architects]]
# [[VirtUE]] stands for [[Virtual University for Europe]]
# [[VM-BASE]] stands for [[Virtual Mobility Before and After Student Exchanges]]
# [[VMOU]] stands for [[Vardhaman Mahaveer Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[VŠERS]] stands for [[College of European and Regional Studies]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[VSZDRAV]] stands for [[College of Nursing and Midwifery]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[VU]] stands for [[Pakistan Virtual University]] or Virtual University of Pakistan
# [[VUB]] stands for [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[VUSAT]] stands for [[Virtual University for the Semi-Arid Tropics]] ([[India]])
# [[VUSME]] stands for [[Virtual University for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises]]
# [[VUSSC]] stands for [[Virtual University for Small States of the Commonwealth]]
# [[VUT]] stands for [[Brno University of Technology]]
# [[W&K]] stands for [[Hogeschool voor Wetenschap & Kunst]] / [[University College for Sciences and Arts]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[WADEA]] stands for the [[West African Distance Education Association]]
# [[WCEL]] stands for [[Waikato Centre for eLearning]] ([[New Zealand]])
# [[WCET]] stands for Western Cooperative for Educational Telecommunications
# [[Webcampus]] of the [[Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix]] (FUNDP) ([[Belgium]])
# [[WGU]] stands for [[Western Governors University]] ([[US]])
# [[WHOLE]] stands for [[Web-based health Organisations Learning Environment]]
# [[WOU]] stands for [[Wawasan Open University]]
# [[WSEH]] stands for [[Academy of Humanities and Economics]]
# [[WTO]] stands for World Trade Organisation
# [[XML]] stands for Extensible Markup Language
# [[YCMOU]] stands for [[Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[YÖK]] stands for ''Yükseköğretim Kurulu'', the Turkish for [[Council of Higher Education (Turkey)]]
# [[YRTVU]] stands for [[Yunnan Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[ZFH]] stands for [[Zentralstelle für Fernstudien an Fachhochschulen]] ([[Germany]])
# [[ZFUW]] stands for [[Zentrum für Fernstudien und Universitäre Weiterbildung]] ([[Germany]])
# [[ZAOU]] stands for [[Zambian Open University]]
# [[ZOU]] stands for [[Zimbabwe Open University]]

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> [[Programmes]]
 
>> [[Main Page]]

[[Category:Abbreviations| ]]

UFM

2009-09-18T09:52:41Z

Gertjan: page redirected

#REDIRECT [[Universidad Francisco Marroquín]]
[[Category:Abbreviations]]

Universidad Francisco Marroquín

2009-09-18T09:52:11Z

Gertjan: New page: {{stub}} The ''Universidad Francisco Marroquín'' (UFM) supports...  The institution’s main office is in Guatemala City, [[Guatemal...

{{stub}}
The ''Universidad Francisco Marroquín'' (UFM) supports...


The institution’s main office is in Guatemala City, [[Guatemala]]. Other campuses...



The University of Name web site is at http://www.UFM.edu







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> [[Guatemala]]

> [[Programmes]]

[[Category: Guatemala]]
[[Category:Universities]]
[[Category:Colleges]]
[[Category: University colleges]]

Canada

2009-09-18T09:44:41Z

Gertjan: /* Universities in Canada */ CBU added

== Partners situated in Canada ==

None. However, [[Tony Bates]] of the [[Advisory Committee| International Advisory Committee]] is from Canada.

== Canada in a nutshell ==

Canada is a large country occupying over half of the continent of North America, touching three oceans - Pacific, Arctic and Atlantic. Its population was estimated in the [http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/popdwell/Table.cfm?T=101 2006 census] as around 31.5 million but other estimates such as the [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/print/ca.html CIA Factbook] give up to and over 33 million currently. (Rapid immigration is one source of the discrepancy but not, it seems, the only one - the issue has generated some debate.)

[[Image:Canada.gif|right|thumb|350px]]
Thus there would seem to be a strong argument that a Commonwealth country of this size would have many points of relevance, generally and in education, to many larger countries in the European Union. While true generally (e.g. for industrial policy) ''it is not at all true for education'' - the provinces are the relevant entities. See later for details.

Many if not most Canadian universities have competence in e-learning at least in pockets. Several major e-learning systems past and present have come from Canada, some from academia but most not - for example, in recent years [http://www.webct.com WebCT] and [http://www.desire2learn.com/ Desire2Learn], and many years ago the CoSy and [http://www.firstclass.com FirstClass] conferencing systems used at the [[Open University]]. We give the main ones below of relevance to an EU audience.

Canada is divided into 13 provinces and territories of which the most important and relevant in e-learning terms are the following:

* British Columbia, population 4.1 million, thus rather smaller than [[Scotland]] but rather larger than [[Wales]] and similar in size to [[Ireland]] - the base of the [[University of British Columbia]] ([[UBC]]) and [[Simon Fraser University]] ([[SFU]]), two notable institutions in e-learning; and also of [[Thompson Rivers University]] ([[TRU]]) which now operates the [[Open Learning Agency]] for British Columbia. Another example is [[Royal Roads University]].
* Alberta, population 3.2 million, thus a bit more than [[Wales]] - the base of [[Athabasca University]], Canada's Open University (a smaller version of the UK [[Open University]]), but also of the much smaller but nimble [[Mount Royal College]].
* Ontario, population 12.1 million, thus not really comparable to any UK home nation (but approaching that of the [[Netherlands]]) - with several illustrious institutions. Some have a long history in distance education (e.g. University of Guelph, which has over 60 online courses [http://www.open.uoguelph.ca/start/]), and others (e.g. the University of Waterloo, and the University of Ottawa) have extensive blended learning initiatives. The [[Ontario Institute for Studies in Education]] ([[OISE]]) contains eminent researchers in schools e-learning known across Europe and beyond.
* Quebec, in particular the [[Télé-université de Québec]].

The [[Canadian Virtual University]] ([[CVU]]) is a group of Canadian universities specializing in online and distance education and a list of these can be found on the site.

''Document of relevance'': [http://www.learn4good.com/distance_learn/distance_learn_canada.htm Learn4Good.com] sums up Canadian distance learning courses and programmes provided by Higher Education.

== Canada education policy ==

In Canada, almost alone among countries in the world, education at all levels is so completely devolved to the provinces that there is not and cannot be a Minister of Education for Canada. (The wikipedia article on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Canada Education in Canada] gives more details including of the residual federal responsibilities. See also [[CMEC]].)

== Canada's education system ==
(sourced from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Canada)

With the earlier caveat about the devolved approach to education, here are the basic facts.

Education in Canada is generally divided into '''Elementary''' (Primary School, Public School), followed by '''Secondary''' (High School) and '''Post Secondary''' (University, College). Within the provinces under the ministry of education, there are district school boards administering the educational programmes.

=== Elementary and Secondary Education ===

Education is compulsory up to the age of 16 in every province in Canada, except for Ontario and New Brunswick, where the compulsory age is 18. In some provinces early leaving exemptions can be granted under certain circumstances at 14.

Canada generally has 180 to 190 school days in the year, officially starting from September (after Labour Day) to the end of June (usually the last Friday of the month, Wednesday in some Ontario schools).

Canada spends about 7% of its GDP on education. Since the adoption of section 23 of the Constitution Act, 1982, education in both English and French has been available in most places across Canada (if the population of children speaking the minority language justifies it), although French Second Language education/French Immersion is availble to Anglophone students across Canada.

Originally all the provinces had educational systems divided by religion, but most provinces have abolished these. Ontario, Alberta, and certain cities in Saskatchewan are exceptions to this, as they still maintain publicly funded Separate district school boards (usually Catholic but occasionally Protestant). In Quebec, the Catholic/Protestant divide was replaced with a French/English one in 1998. Québécois must attend a French School up until the end of high school unless one of their parents previously attended an English-language school somewhere in Canada (immigrants from other countries cannot use this exception). However this rule applies only to public schools, therefore immigrants to Quebec can send their children to English ''private'' schools.

Most Canadian education systems continue up to grade 12 (age 17 to 18). In Quebec, the typical high school term ends after Secondary V, the same as to grade 11 (age 16 to 17); following this, students who wish to pursue their studies to the university level have to attend CEGEP which is a unique educational institution, between high school and junior colleges. Cegeps are often referred to as "junior colleges".

Normally, for each type of publicly funded school (such as Public English or Public French), the province is divided into districts (or divisions). Normally, all publicly funded schools are under the authority of their local district school board. These school boards would follow a common curriculum set up by the province the board resides in. Only Alberta allows public charter schools, which are independent of any district board - instead, they each have their own board, which reports directly to the province.

Primary education and secondary education combined are sometimes referred to as K-12 (Kindergarten through Grade 12). It should be noted that this structure can vary from school to school, and from province to province. For instance, Prince Edward Island school systems is the only province that does not provide Kindergarten. In contrast, Ontario is the only province which provides two levels of Kindergarten (Junior and Senior).

In Canada, secondary schooling, known as high school, "école secondaire" or secondary school, differs depending on the province in which one resides. Additionally, grade structure may vary within a province and even within a school division. Education is compulsory up to the age of 16 in every province in Canada, except for Ontario and New Brunswick (where the compulsory ages are 18). Students may continue to attend high school until the ages of 19 to 21 (the cut-off age for high school varies between province). Those 19 and over may attend adult school. Also if high schoolers are expelled or suspended for a period of time over 2 months or so they could attend night school at the high school.

Ontario had a "Grade 13" known as Ontario Academic Credit (OAC) year, but this was abolished by the provincial government to cut costs. OAC was last offered for the 2002-2003 school year. As a result, the curriculum has been compacted, and the more difficult subjects, such as mathematics, are comparatively harder than before. However, the system is now approximately equivalent to what has been the case outside of Quebec and Ontario for many years. Secondary education in Quebec continues to Grade 11 (Secondary V), and is typically followed by CEGEP, a two or three year college program taken after high school. Pre-university CEGEP programs are two years in Quebec (university for Quebecers is three years), and vocational or professional programs are three years in duration.

=== Post-secondary ===

Post-secondary education in Canada is also the responsibility of the individual provinces and territories. Those governments provide the majority of funding to their public post-secondary institutions, with the remainder of funding coming from tuition fees, the federal government, and research grants. Compared to other countries in the past, Canada has had the highest tertiary school enrollment as a percentage of their graduating population.

Nearly all post-secondary institutions in Canada have the authority to grant academic credentials (i.e., diplomas or degrees). Generally speaking, universities grant degrees (e.g., bachelor's, master's or doctorate degrees) while colleges, which typically offer vocationally-oriented programmes, grant diplomas and certificates. However, some colleges offer applied arts degrees that lead to or are equivalent to degrees from a university.

Post-secondary education in Quebec begins with CEGEP (collèges d'enseignement général et professionnel), following graduation from Grade 11 (or Secondary V). Students complete a two- or three-year general program leading to admission to a university, or a professional program leading directly into the labour force. In most cases, bachelor's degree programmes in Quebec are three years instead of the usual four; however, in many cases, students attending a university in Quebec that did not graduate from CEGEP must complete an additional year of coursework. When Ontario had five years of high school, a three-year bachelor's degree was common, but these degrees are being phased out in favour of the four-year degree.

The main variation between the provinces, with respect to universities, is the amount of funding they receive. Universities in Quebec receive the most funding and have the lowest tuitions. Universities in Atlantic Canada generally receive the least funding and some, like Acadia University, are almost wholly reliant on private funding.

The Royal Military College of Canada (RMC), is the military academy of the Canadian Forces and is a full degree-granting university. RMC is the only federal institution with degree granting powers.

'''Private schools'''

In Canada there is no obligation for parents to place their children in the public school system, and about 8% of students are in the private system. Nevertheless, there are more and more private schools in urban areas (high schools, especially). It is not unusual for the wealthy and prominent in Canada to send their children to public schools, especially in the lower grades. A far larger portion of private schools are religious based institutions. Private schools are also used to study outside the country. For example one in Italy has an Ontario curriculum.

Each province deals differently with private religious schools. In Ontario the Catholic system continues to be fully publicly funded, but other faiths receive no such funding. Ontario has several private Jewish, Muslim, and Christian schools, but all are funded through tuition fees. Since the Catholic schools system is entrenched in the constitution, the Supreme Court has ruled that this system is not unconstitutional. However, the United Nations has ruled that Ontario's system is unfair. In 2002 the government introduced a controversial proposal to partially fund all private schools, but this was criticized for undermining the public education system and the proposal was eliminated after the Liberals won the 2003 provincial election.

In other provinces privately operated religious schools are funded. In British Columbia the government pays 50% of the cost of religious schools provided that they meet rigorous provincial standards. The province has a number of Sikh, Hindu, Christian, and Muslim schools. Alberta also has a network of charter schools, which are fully funded public (not private) schools offering distinct approaches to education within the public school system (note that the province does not grant charters to religious schools). These charter schools have to follow the provincial curriculum and meet all standards, but are given considerable freedom in other areas. In all other provinces private religious schools receive some funding, but not as much as the public system.

== Higher education ==

The higher education systems in Canada's ten provinces have different historical development, organization (e.g., structure, governance, and funding), and goals (e.g., participation, access, and mobility). This makes it impossible to summarise the overall system. The reader is referred to the wikipedia article http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_Education_in_Canada.

=== Universities in Canada ===
(sourced from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Canada)

Canada has somewhat over 70 universities including the large multi-campus Université du Québec which includes [[Université du Québec à Montréal]] ([[UQAM]]) , the host of the [[Télé-université]] ([[Téluq]]) There is an elite group, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_of_Thirteen_(Canadian_universities) Group of 13], comprising the most prestigious and research-active universities, but e-learning competence is found across the span of universities in Canada.

A selection of those better known beyond Canada including for e-learning (research and/or implementation) would be something like the following:

* [[Athabasca University]]
* [http://www.umontreal.ca University of Montreal] (Montréal, Québec)
* Capilano University (North Vancouver)
* [[Royal Roads University]] (Victoria)
* [[Simon Fraser University]] (Burnaby, Vancouver, Surrey, British Columbia)
* [[Thompson Rivers University]] (Kamloops)
* [[University of British Columbia]] (University Endowment Lands, Okanagan)
* [[University of New Brunswick]] (Fredericton & Saint John)
* McMaster University (Hamilton)
* Ryerson University (Toronto)
* University of Guelph (Guelph)
* University of Toronto (Toronto (Downtown, Scarborough), Mississauga)
* University of Waterloo (Waterloo)
* University of Western Ontario (London)
* University of Windsor (Windsor)
* York University (Toronto)
* McGill University (Montreal)
* Concordia University (Montreal)
* [[Université du Québec à Montréal]], UQAM (Montreal) including [[Télé-université]], Téluq
* University of Saskatchewan (Saskatoon)
* [[Cape Breton University]] (CBU)

===Polytechnics in Canada ===

This term is seldom used in Canada (for example, École polytechnique de Montréal, which trains almost 5000 engineers. This term is also used to describe some colleges.

==== Colleges in Canada ====

There are many colleges in Canada - for a partial list see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_colleges_in_Canada.

Most are not known outside Canada, whether or not for e-learning, but one that is known is [[Mount Royal College]].

==== CEGEP ====
(sourced from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CEGEP)

A CEGEP (French: Cégep) is a post-secondary education institution exclusive to the province of Quebec in Canada. CEGEP is a French acronym for Collège d'enseignement général et professionnel, meaning "College of General and Vocational Education". They are comparable to community colleges, but are required to enter university, which is why secondary school and undergrad degrees both are one less year in Quebec.

The purpose of CEGEPs is to make post-secondary education more accessible in Quebec, as well as to provide proper academic preparation for university. There are both public and private subsidized CEGEPs with the public CEGEPs having little or no tuition fee. The CEGEP system was started in 1967 by the Quebec provincial government and originally had 12 CEGEPs. Today there are 48 CEGEPs in Quebec, of which 5 are English language CEGEPs. There are also 50 private colleges, including 6 English language colleges. While CEGEP refers technically to only public colleges, in common usage the term is sometimes applied also to private colleges offering some of the same programmes.

They are not seen at this stage as relevant to Re.ViCa but we look forward to input on this issue.

== Higher education reform ==

=== The Bologna Process ===

Interestingly the Rectors of Canadian universities are closely interested in the [[Bologna Process]]. A June 2008 [http://www.aucc.ca/_pdf/english/statements/2008/bologna_process_06_20_e.pdf statement] from [[AUCC]] is given below.

----
Higher education, like most sectors, is transforming itself in step with the ever-advancing trends
of the global knowledge economy. A high profile example of this is the reform agenda being
implemented by Europe’s universities through the Bologna Process. While the Bologna Process is a uniquely European initiative, its influence and impact
on higher education is being felt throughout the world.

Canadian universities continue to be recognized globally for the quality of higher education
delivered. They are, however, not immune to developments of the magnitude of the
Bologna Process. It is therefore appropriate at this time to respond to this emerging European
initiative by at once seizing its related opportunities and facing its challenges.

The internationalization of Canada’s universities includes facilitating the two-way flow of
students through international student recruitment and student exchange as well as bringing an
international dimension to the curriculum. It is in these areas of student mobility and curricular
reform where the Bologna Process will have its greatest impact on Canadian universities.

AUCC members therefore, through this statement, acknowledge the significance of the emerging
European Higher Education Area and hereby commit to undertaking a course of action to address
the implications of the Bologna Process for Canadian universities and plan a path forward for
engaging with our European partners, both old and new, in a spirit that mirrors Europe’s own
renewal in higher education.

AUCC, through its Standing Advisory Committee on International Relations and the Board of
Directors, has been examining for some time how Canadian universities can best respond to the
changes under way in Europe. It began by identifying the following three key implications of
these changes for Canadian universities.

Competition in international student recruitment is the primary implication. The Bologna
Process, among its other goals, is also a sophisticated exercise in marketing European higher
education. As the Bologna countries seek to make Europe a more attractive study destination
through its degree harmonization and support for increased academic mobility, they are likely to
increase their international student market share at the expense of other leading host countries,
including Canada.

Secondly, the impact of the increasing number of three-year undergraduate degrees from
Bologna countries on Canadian credential evaluation policies and practices needs to be assessed.
The coming influx of three year degrees presents obvious challenges for admission decisions in
graduate studies at Canadian institutions and raises questions about the effect this will have on
our graduate programs.

Finally, student mobility, through short-term exchanges and study abroad opportunities for
Canadian students is an area in which AUCC believes it is imperative to act to take advantage of
the emerging landscape of higher education in Europe. The prevalence of the transparency tools
in the Bologna Process, such as the European Credit Transfer System and the Diploma
Supplement, along with funding programs such as Erasmus Mundus, represent a potential for
increased Canada-Europe student mobility and enhanced international curricula through joint
degree programs.

As AUCC pursues further action in relation to the Bologna Process, all activities will be
informed by the guiding principle of the autonomy of individual Canadian universities to
respond to these issues according to their own particular needs and strategies.
This exercise is also guided by the acknowledgement of the challenges in pursuing any collective
approach aimed at aligning with the European model, given the diversity and complexity of
Canadian higher education.

AUCC recognizes, however, that responding to the Bologna Process also represents a unique
opportunity to examine ‘lessons learned’ and best practices in addressing Canada’s internal
system of credit transfers and mobility among institutions across jurisdictions.

In the spirit of renewed engagement in higher education beyond our borders and given the circumstances related to the emerging Bologna Process, AUCC commits to:
* Keeping a close watching brief on the progress of the Bologna Process with respect to implementation of reforms and political direction in Europe.
* Closely monitoring the engagement of other non-Bologna countries such as the United States, Australia and China along with other actors within Canada, such as governmental partners and other higher education stakeholders.
* Continuing to raise awareness among its membership of key issues related to the Bologna Process through a continued national dialogue within the association, research on good practices and the organization of various information sessions and workshops.
* Pursuing a policy dialogue with European partners such as the European University Association, to identify ways of seizing the opportunities to enhance Canada-Europe cooperation, especially student mobility, and address any challenges for Canadian universities in the broader Bologna context.
----

=== Other activities ===

None known. This is not to say that all is perfect with Canada's universities. Even local commentators accept that things must change.

== Administration and finance ==

Although the provinces have responsibility for universities including providing funds, the federal government retains a funding role - and a vital one. A [http://www.aucc.ca/_pdf/english/reports/2006/fed_role_02_23_e.pdf position paper] from AUCC describes the situation.

----
In Canada, as in most other well-established federal
systems, including the United States, Australia,
Switzerland and Germany, constitutional jurisdiction
for education rests with the regional, provincial or
state governments. However, in all of these federations,
the central governments have come to play major roles
in support of higher education. They have done so in
large part because of the strategic importance of these
institutions in educating people for the knowledge
economy and in performing research. In Australia,
for example, the federal government is now the
primary source of funds, not only for university
research but also for the operating budgets of the
universities. In the United States, by contrast, the
state governments remain the primary source of
operating funding for public universities and fouryear
colleges, but the federal government is the most
important source of university research funding and
effectively reduces some of the pressure on university
operating budgets by paying for faculty time devoted
to federally-funded research.

Despite the Constitution’s exclusive grant of powers to
the provincial legislatures to “make Laws in relation to
Education” and “in and for each Province”, the federal
government in Canada has shown an interest in higher
education since the early years of Confederation and
especially, since the First World War.
The overriding goal of federal investments in
higher education, particularly since the Second
World War, has been to maximize universities’
contributions to economic growth, competitiveness
and social development in Canada as a whole. To
this end, the investments have sought:
* to support growth in institutional capacity to provide access to growing numbers of students;
* to promote accessibility for students through student assistance measures;
* to develop university research and graduate education and, especially in recent years, to build internationally competitive research capacity in the universities; and
* to promote Canada’s interests internationally in relation to, and through, higher education.

With regard to the last of these objectives, the
federal government has made a number of investments
over the years, including the Canada Corps
University Partnership Program and Human Resources
and Social Development Canada’s International
Academic Mobility Programs. In general, however,
these have lacked overall policy coherence and
sustained commitment.

On the student assistance, research and graduate
education objectives, the federal government has made
major investments over the period since the Second
World War, and especially since 1997, in recognition
of the strategic importance of university education and
research in a knowledge economy. In particular, the
large research investments since 1997 have had a very
positive impact on the health of Canada’s university
research environment. At the same time, international
competitors have also been investing in university
research and major challenges remain in this country.
The first of the objectives, increasing universities’
institutional capacity to take on more students,
was at the heart of federal investments in the period
from 1945 to 1967, first through direct grants to
universities and then through the cost-shared program.

With the creation of the EPF transfers from 1977
to 1995 and even more so, the creation of the unconditional
and undifferentiated CHST transfers in
1995, the federal government has paid little overt
attention to this objective. No portion of the CHST
or the subsequent CST is designated specifically for
postsecondary education.
----

== Quality assurance ==

Canadian universities are notoriously reluctant to accept any level of direction from outside the institution, be it from provincial or federal goverment. This applies also to quality issues. Thus the regimes typical now in Europe and much of the rest of the British Commonwealth are not found - yet - in Canada. Some local commentators fear that the Bologna Process will be used by the Canadian government to impose uniformity on universities including a uniform quality process - see for example the May 2008 outpouring [http://www.educationalpolicy.org/pub/commentary/080509.html A load of Bologna] by Alex Ussher.

However the AUCC seems to accept that some better coordination and peer review is necessary to reassure students and government. Their [http://www.aucc.ca/qa/pol_pract/index_e.html statement on the matter] notes:

: In Canada, education, including higher education, is a constitutional responsibility of the country's 10 provinces and 3 territories. The universities, which at this time are located only in the provinces, derive their authority from provincial legislation.

: Each Canadian university is autonomous in academic matters including the determination of its own quality assurance policies and procedures. In addition, as the result of their longstanding commitment to a common framework of standards across provincial jurisdictions, Canadian universities have a shared understanding of the value of each other's academic credentials.

: Robust institutional quality assurance policies and processes are the foundation of the Canadian higher education quality assurance regime. These policies may stand alone, and some may be based in legislation. They may operate in an environment which includes another level of quality assurance, for example the policies and processes that provide a second level of quality assurance in the higher education systems in the provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island. For some programs, institutional policies may be supplemented by standards of professional accreditation.

A [http://www.aucc.ca/qa/reg_prov_qas/index_e.html separate note] lists the provincial quality regimes. There is also a [http://www.aucc.ca/qa/principles/index_e.html set of principles].

All rather vague from a European point of view.

== Canada's HEIs in the information society ==

=== Towards the information society ===

(We await discussion on how to handle this section.)

=== Information society strategy ===

In this subsection we discuss the Canadian NREN ([[CANARIE]]) and the potential Major E-Learning Initiatives.

==== CANARIE ====

''CANARIE'' Inc., based in Ottawa, is the advanced network organization for Canada. It facilitates the development and use of its network as well as the advanced products, applications and services that run on it. The CANARIE Network is the National Research and Education Network ([[NREN]]) for Canada - serving universities, colleges, schools, government labs, research institutes, hospitals and other organizations in a wide variety of fields in both the public and private sectors.

However, CANARIE has a wider brief, in some ways similar to agencies such as [[SURF]] and [[JISC]]. It furthers this by promoting and participating in strategic collaborations among key sectors, and by partnering with peer networks and organizations around the world, CANARIE Inc. stimulates and supports research, innovation and growth, bringing economic, social, and cultural benefits to Canadians.

The national organization was created in 1993 by the private sector and academia under the leadership of the Government of Canada.

CANARIE Inc. is supported by membership fees, with major funding of its programmes and activities provided by the Government of Canada through Industry Canada.

In the past, CANARIE has funded many e-learning developments.

Its web site is at http://www.canarie.ca/about/index.html (English) and http://www.canarie.ca/about_f/index.html (French).

'''Existing case study'''

There is a comprehensive but somewhat out of date case study of CANARIE at http://www.matic-media.co.uk/ukeu/EUNI-chap10-CANARIE-2004.doc - it was first written in 2001 but updated in summer 2004 (by [[Paul Bacsich]] and [[Sara Frank Bristow]]).

The Editor's Introduction to that notes:

: Between 1993 and March 2004, CANARIE – a small, non-profit organisation – received government funding of C$360 million (£161 million) for over 225 projects focussed on e-learning, e-content, e-business and e-health. Many would credit CANARIE for assuring Canada’s reputation as a world-leading broadband adopter and innovator (and, more relevant to e-university developments, with helping the country to become a lead developer of learning object repository infrastructure). CANARIE has also helped connect over 2,000 schools, colleges and universities to its advanced CA*NET 4 network, and has created thousands of jobs nationwide.

: When this CANARIE Report was written, CANARIE was an organisation “in full swing”, with government funding assured for over two more years. Nearly all of its projects saw completion by March 2004, however, and many of those discussed below finished long before that. During a presentation in June 2004, CANARIE president and CEO Andrew Bjerring noted that CANARIE’s original mandate had been to “visit the future and report back” – now that the future has arrived, it seems, it is the role of CANARIE itself that requires clarification.

: At the time of writing [2004], CANARIE maintains some modest funding for completing the roll-out of CA*net 4 as scheduled, but all other project funding is on hold. Several of Canada’s federal departments are said to be collaborating on what might become a national strategic vision to help frame the future of organisations like CANARIE, and perhaps lead to the creation of an agency not unlike the Department for Education and Skills (DfES) e-Learning Strategy Unit in the UK. Until the emergence of this new strategic plan, hoped to be in the autumn of 2004, however, there will be no further funding for the CANARIE projects described below. Thus it remains to be seen whether CANARIE will succeed at reinventing itself in today’s context.

This depressing conclusion seems still to be the case. A search of the CANARIE web site for "e-learning" reveals no hits later than 2003.

==== Major E-Learning Initiatives ====

See [[Major e-learning initiatives in Canada]].

== References ==

=== Canadian companies who have developed e-learning systems ===

* WebCT was developed at the University of British Columbia by Murray Goldberg as an "unofficial" e-learning system, finally being bought by a company which became WebCTm, in turn acquired by [http://www.blackboard.com/us/index.bbb Blackboard].

* [http://www.desire2learn.com/ Desire2Learn] is another Canadian-based learning management system, but this did not come out of academic circles.

* The FirstClass system was developed in the late 1980s by http://www.softarc.com/ [SoftArc] for use in the Ontario School Board - the product was then sold on to various companies and gradually failed to keep up with developments.

* Even earlier, the CoSy system was developed at the University of Guelph and used by the [[Open University]] for some years in the 1980s and into the early 1990s.

* It is not a company yet but the [http://www.kuali.org/communities/ks/ Kuali Student] system being developed by a consortium around the [http://www.sfu.ca/ University of British Columbia] is exciting interst in the US and now the UK.

(Readers are refered to the relevant wikipedia articles - of wildly varying quality and length, but at least giving some of the history. For a hopefully more measured historical view see the Wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_virtual_learning_environments History of Virtual Learning Environments].)

=== Eminent Canadian experts in e-learning ===

Such lists are always invidious but the following three have a focus close to our mission - on post-secondary deployment - as well as research, and would be known to many UK experts in e-learning:

* [[Tony Bates]], Consultant - formerly of the [[Open University]], then the [[Open Learning Agency]] and then [[University of British Columbia]], more recently an advisor to the [[Open University of Catalonia]], the [[Portuguese Open University]] and to EU projects including [[Re.ViCa]] - with a [http://www.tonybates.ca comprehensive web site]
* [[Terry Anderson]], Professor of Distance Education, Athabasca University - with his [http://www.athabascau.ca/html/staff/academic/terrya.html university site]
* [[Thierry Karsenti]], Professor of information and communication technology in Education, [[University of Montreal]] - with his [http://www.thierrykarsenti.ca university site]. Pr. Karsenti also holds the Canada Research Chair in ICT and Education.
* Linda Harasim [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_Harasim], Professor, School of Education, Simon Fraser University, and author of several books, including 'Learning Networks'[http://books.google.ca/books?hl=en&id=NFkaDHideBcC&dq=Linda+harasim+Learning+Networks&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=OV7c_SzkDs&sig=ornccw09QiH2LSM5x5kgZBscdx0&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result]

There are of course many active researchers in e-learning also and several Francophones of whom [http://ares.licef.teluq.uqam.ca/Default.aspx?alias=ares.licef.teluq.uqam.ca/gilbertpaquette Gilbert Paquette] is the doyen. Unlike many countries, Canada has or at least had an active tradition of research into e-learning in the FE and Skills area.

And in the schools e-learning area Professor [http://www.ikit.org/people/scardamalia.html Marlene Scardamalia] and Emeritus Professor [http://www.ikit.org/people/bereiter.html Carl Bereiter] are leaders.

----

> [[Countries]]

[[Category:Canada| ]]
[[Category:North America]]
[[Category:OECD]]
[[Category:G8 countries]]
[[Category:G-20 countries]]
[[Category:French-speaking countries]]

[[Category:Country reports]]
[[Category:Countries with Programmes]]

Abbreviations

2009-09-18T09:41:30Z

Gertjan: /* Abbreviations */ CBU added

This is (to be) a full list of abbreviations for organisations and other activities of relevance to Re.ViCa.

A number of technical abbreviations are added - these do not link to Re.ViCa wiki pages. They are included as they are codes to avoid when creating or selecting codes for institutions and other entities.

Two-character codes are discouraged except when they are [[country codes]] but some are so common that we have been forced to adopt them.

Single-character codes are forbidden as they are used for various technical purposes.

'''Editors! Always check abbreviations first with Google and [http://www.acronymfinder.com/ Acronym finder]!'''

== Abbreviations ==
(other than 2-character country codes and 1-character codes for technical use)

The following list has been extracted from the list developed for [[The e-University Compendium]] and then further developed.

It is aimed to contain the standard abbreviations for all entities, institutions, programmes (especially [[MELI]]s etc) and projects of interest in the countries of most interest - plus for open/distance teaching universities across the world.

# [[AABSC]] stands for the [[Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business]]
# [[AAOU]] stands for the [[Asian Association of Open Universities]]
# [[AAU]] stands for [[Aalborg University]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[ABED]] stands for the [[Brazilian Association of Distance Education]]
# [[ACODE]] stands for [[Australasian Council on Open, Distance and E-Learning]]
# [[ACU]] stands for [[Association of Commonwealth Universities]] - see also [[Australian Catholic University]] and [[Abilene Christian University]] ([[US]])
# [[AIESAD]] stands for Asociación Iberoamericana de Educación Superior a Distancia, the [[Ibero-American Association of Distance Education Universities]]
# [[AIOU]] stands for the [[Allama Iqbal Open University]] ([[Pakistan]]) - see also
# AIOU stands for the [[Asia International Open University]] ([[Macao]])
# [[AIU]] stands for [[American InterContinental University]]
# [[AJU]] stands for [[Andrew Jackson University‎]] ([[US]])
# [[ALFA]] stands for [[América Latina - Formación Académica]], a programme of cooperation between higher education institutions of the European Union and Latin America
# [[ALT]] stands for [[Association for Learning Technology]], focussed on the [[UK]]
# [[AMBA]] stands for The Association of MBAs
# [[AmSU]] stands for [[Amur State University]] ([[Russia]])
# [[AMU]] stands for [[Academy of Performing Arts in Prague]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[ANCED]] stands for the [[Asociación Nacional de Centros de e-Learning y Distancia]] ([[Spain]])
# [[AOU]] stands for the [[Arab Open University]]
# [[APQN]] stands for [[Asia-Pacific Quality Network]]
# [[AQF]] stands for [[Australian Qualifications Framework]]
# [[ARIADNE]] stands for [[Alliance of Remote Instructional Authoring and Distribution Networks for Europe]]
# [[ARIEL]] stands for [[Analysing and Reporting the Implementation of Electronic Learning in Europe]]
# [[ASEAN]] stands for [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations]]
# [[ATN]] stands for [[Australian Technology Network]] (of universities)
# [[AU]] stands for [[Australia]] (the country) or:
# AU (DK) stands for [[Aarhus University]] ([[Denmark]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# AU (CA) stands for [[Athabasca University]] ([[Canada]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# AU stands for Ashford University ([[US]])
# [[AUCC]] stands for the [[Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada]]
# [[AUGent]] stands for [[Ghent University Association]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[AUHA]] stands for [[Associatie Universiteit & Hogescholen Antwerpen]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[AUHL]] stands for [[Associatie Universiteit-Hogescholen Limburg]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[AULP]] stands for [[Associação das Universidades de Língua Portuguesa]] ([[Association of Universities in the Language of Portuguese]])
# [[AUO]] stands for [[Ashford University Online]]
# [[AUQA]] stands for the [[Australian Universities Quality Agency]]
# [[AUT]] stands for [[Auckland University of Technology]] - no longer for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_University_Teachers Association of University Teachers] which does not exist now
# [[AUTH]] stands for [[Aristotle University of Thessaloniki]] ([[Greece]])
# [[AVU]] stands for [[African Virtual University]]
# [[AZUN]] stands for [[Arizona Universities Network]], [[US]]
# [[BAOU]] stands for [[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University]] ([[Turkey]])
# [[BAU]] stand for [[Al-Balqa' Applied University]] ([[Jordan]])
# [[BAWEST]] stands for [[Business Academy West]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[BBE]] stands for [[Business of Borderless Education]] (report)
# [[BCOU]] stands for [[British Columbia Open University]] (now absorbed into [[Thompson Rivers University]])
# [[Becta]] or formerly [[BECTa]] stands for [[British Educational Communications and Technology Agency]] ([[UK]]) but the long form is rarely used now
# [[BELNET]] stands for the [[Belgian Research and Education Network]]
# [[BFSU]] stands for [[Beijing Foreign Studies University]] ([[China]])
# [[BI]] stands for [[BI Norwegian School of Management]] - see also [[Burundi]], [[Africa]]
# [[BME]] stands for [[Budapest University of Technology and Economics]] ([[Hungary]])
# [[BMUKK]] stands for ''Bundesministerium für Unterricht, Kunst und Kultur''/ [[Federal_Ministry_for_Education%2C_Arts_and_Culture]] ([[Austria]])
# [[BMWF]] stands for ''Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung'' / [[Federal Ministry of Science and Research]] ([[Austria]])
# [[BNU]] stands for [[Beijing Normal University]] ([[China]])
# [[BOU]] stands for the [[Bangladesh Open University]]
# [[BRAOU]] stands for the [[Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[BSEC]] stands for [[Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation]]
# [[BTVU]] stands for [[Beijing Radio & TV University‎]] ([[China]])
# [[BVU]] stands for [[Bulgarian Virtual University]] or [[Best Virtual Universities Organisation]]
# [[CANARIE]] stands for [[Canadian Network for the Advancement of Research, Industry and Education]], the [[NREN]] in [[Canada]]
# [[CARADOL]] stands for the [[Caribbean Association for Distance and Open Learning]]
# [[CARET]] stands for the [[Centre for Applied Research in Educational Technologies at the University of Cambridge]]
# [[CBS]] stands for [[Copenhagen Business School]]
# [[CBU]] stands for [[Cape Breton University]]
# [[CCC]] stands for [[Coastline Community College]] ([[US]])
# [[CCCOnline]] stands for [[Colorado Community Colleges Online]] ([[US]])
# [[CCDL]] stands for [[Cross Cultural Distance Learning]], an international consortium
# [[CCi]] stands for [[Corinthian Colleges]], Inc. ([[US]])
# [[CCRTVU]] stands for the [[China Central Radio & TV University]]
# [[CCSNH]] stands for [[Community College System of New Hampshire]] ([[US]])
# [[Cederj]] stands for [[Center for Distance Learning of the State of Rio de Janeiro]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[CELI]] stands for [[Ceased E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[CERNET]] stands for the [[China Education and Research Network]]
# [[CETIS]] stands for [[Centre for Educational Technology Interoperability Standards]] but the long form is rarely used now ([[UK]])
# [[CEVU]] stands for [[Collaborative European Virtual University]]
# [[CHEA]] stands for [[Council for Higher Education Accreditation]] (US) - agency
# [[CHEI]] stands for [[Council for Higher Education]] ([[Israel]])
# [[CHEMS]] stands for [[Commonwealth Higher Education Management Service]] - now ceased
# [[CICEI]] stands for Centro de Innovación para la Sociedad de la Información (Innovation Center for the Information Society) ([[Canary Islands]]; [[Spain]])
# [[CIFFAD]] stands for [[Consortium International Francophone de Formation a Distance]]
# [[CMEC]] stands for the [[Council of Ministers of Education, Canada]]
# [[CMU]] stands for [[Carnegie Mellon University]] ([[US]])
# [[CNAM]] stands for [[Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers]] ([[France]])
# [[CNAVES]] was the Portuguese agency for quality in higher education. It closed in 2007 and is now replaced by another body.
# [[CNED]] stands for [[Centre National d'Enseignement à Distance]]. In French the abbreviation is [[Cned]] ([[France]])
# [[CNFD]] stands for [[Campus Numérique Francophone de Dakar]] ([[Senegal]])
# [[COL]] stands for [[Commonwealth of Learning]] ([[Canada]])
# [[COME]] stands for [[Warsaw University Centre for Open and Multimedia Education]] ([[Poland]])
# [[CPLP]] stands for [[Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa]] ([[Community of Portuguese Language Countries]])
# [[CRTVU]] stands for [[China Central Radio & TV University]]
# [[CRUP]] stands for [[Conselho de Reitores das Universidades Portuguesas]] ([[Portugal]])
# [[CSF]] stands for [[Critical success factor]]
# [[CSU]] stands for [[Charles Sturt University]] ([[Australia]])
# [[CTDLC]] stands for [[Connecticut Distance Learning Consortium]] ([[US]])
# [[CTU]] stands for [[Czech Technical University in Prague]] ([[Czech Republic]]) - see also [[Colorado Technical University]] ([[US]])
# [[CU Online]] stands for [[Colorado University Online]] ([[US]])
# [[CU]] stands for [[Charles University]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# CU stands for [[Cyber University]] ([[Japan]])
# [[CUTV]] stands for [[Carleton University]] Television ([[Canada]])
# [[CVA-RICESU]] stands for [[Comunidade Virtual de Aprendizagem Rede de Instituições Católicas de Ensino Superior]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[CVC]] stands for [[California Virtual Campus]] ([[US]])
# [[CVG]] stands for [[Campus Virtuel en Gestion]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[CVU]] stands for [[Canadian Virtual University]]. It was also used in the past for [[Clyde Virtual University]].
# [[DBIS]] stands for the [[Department for Business, Innovation & Skills]] of the [[UK]], which oversees universities and colleges
# [[DCSF]] is the ''Department for Children, Schools and Families'' of the [[UK]]
# [[DCU]] stands for [[Dublin City University]] ([[Ireland]]) - the host of [[OSCAIL]]
# [[DDU]] stands for the [[Dutch Digital University]] (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation [[DU]] commonly used in [[Netherlands]])
# [[DEASA]] stands for the [[Distance Education Association of Southern Africa]]
# [[DEEWR]] is the ''Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations'' in [[Australia]]
# [[DELNI]] is the ''Department for Employment and Learning, [[Northern Ireland]]''
# [[DELOS]] stands for [[Developing a European e-learning Observation System]]
# [[DEST]] is a department now merged into [[DEEWR]]
# [[DETYA]] stood for ''Department of Education, Training and Youth Affairs'' ([[Australia]]), later called [[DEST]]
# [[DfEE]] stands for the former ''Department for Education and Employment'' of the [[UK]], a very old name for [[DfES]]
# [[DfES]] stands for the former ''Department for Education and Skills'' of the [[UK]], now split into [[DCSF]] and [[DIUS]]
# [[DFID]] stands for ''Department for International Development'' of the [[UK]]
# [[DCU]] stands for [[Daegu Cyber University]] ([[South Korea]])
# [[DGAU]] stands for [[Dennis Gabor Applied University]] ([[Hungary]])
# [[DISC]] stands for [[Distance and International Study Center]] ([[Germany]]) - a.k.a. [[ZFUW]]
# [[DIUS]] is the ''Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills'' of the [[UK]]
# [[DTU]] stands for [[Technical University of Denmark]]
# [[DVD]] stands for Digital Versatile Disk (no longer Digital Video Disk)
# [[DVU]] stands for [[Danish Virtual University]]
# [[E.A.S.Y.]] stands for [[Agency for Easy Access to Virtual Campus]]
# [[EADL]] stands for [[European Association for Distance Learning]]
# [[EADTU]] stands for the [[European Association of Distance Teaching Universities]]
# [[EBS]] stands for [[Estonian Business School Open University]]
# [[ECDVU]] stands for [[Early Childhood Development Virtual University]]
# [[eChina]] stands for the [[Sino-UK eLearning Programme]]
# [[ECTS]] stands for ''European Credit Transfer System'', sometimes called the ''European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System''
# [[EDEN]] stands for [[European Distance and E-Learning Network]]
# [[EDHEC]] stands for [[École De Hautes Études Commerciales du Nord]] ([[France]])
# [[EdiNet]] stands for [[E-learning in Distributed Data Network Laboratory]]
# [[eduGI]] stands for [[Reuse and Sharing of e-Learning Courses in GI Science Education]]
# [[EEA]] stands for the [[:Category:European Economic Area|European Economic Area]]
# [[EELU]] stands for [[Egyptian E-Learning University]]
# [[EeU]] stands for [[Estonian e-University]]
# [[EEZ]] stands for the [[European Economic Zone]] of [[EU]], [[EEA]] and [[Switzerland]]
# [[EFQM]] stands for European Foundation for Quality Management
# [[EhB]] stands for [[Erasmus University College Brussels]]
# [[ELDDA]] stands for e-Learning Digital Dashboard
# [[eLene-TT]] stands for [[e-Learning Network for Teacher Training]]
# [[e-LERU]] stands for [[League of European Research Universities virtual campus]]
# [[ELUE]] stands for [[Improving quality of e-learning in universities]]
# [[ELWA]] stood for ''Education and Learning [[Wales]]'' but is no longer used - see [[HEFCW]]
# [[EML]] stands for Educational Markup Language
# [[eMM]] and [[EMM]] stand for the e-Learning Maturity Model for benchmarking e-learning
# [[E-move]] stands for [[An Operational Conception of Virtual Mobility]]
# [[EMTC]] stands for [[E. mokymosi technologijų centras]], in English [[e-Learning Technology Centre at Kaunas University of Technology]]
# [[ENQA]] stands for the [[European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education]]
# [[EPICS]] stands for [[European Portal for International Courses and Services for Virtual Erasmus]]
# [[EQO]] stands for [[European Quality Observatory]]
# [[EQUEL]] stands for [[E-quality in e-learning research Laboratoire]]
# [[EQUIS]] stands for European Quality Improvement System
# [[eRNIST]] stands for [[European Research Network for ICT in Schools of Tomorrow]]
# [[ESC]] stands for [[Empire State College]] ([[US]])
# [[ESEN]] stands for [[European Small and medium entreprise E-learning Network]]
# [[ESP-T]] stands for [[English for Specific Purposes: Therapeutic Professions]]
# [[ESRC]] stands for [http://www.esrc.ac.uk Economic and Social Research Council] ([[UK]])
# [[ETT.Campus]] stands for [[European Teachers and Trainers campus]]
# [[e-Ttnet]] stands for [[Training of trainers network for e-learning]]
# [[EU]] stands for [[European Union]]
# [[e-U]] stands for the [[UK e-University]] (the one that became [[UKeU]])
# [[EUA]] stands for [[European University Association]]
# [[EUNITE]] stands for [[European Universities Network for IT in Education]]
# [[e-URBs]] stands for [[European Master in Comparative Urban Studies]]
# [[EUROMOVE]] stands for [[European Mobility through Virtual Education]]
# [[EuroPACE]] stands for [[European Professional Association for Collaboration in E-Learning]]
# [[EVENE]] stands for [[Erasmus Virtual Economics & Management Studies Exchange]]
# [[EVICAB]] stands for [[European Virtual Campus for Biomedical Engineering]]
# [[EWNI]] stands for [[England, Wales and Northern Ireland]] - the home nations of the [[UK]] other than [[Scotland]]
# [[FADE]] stands for the [[Finnish Association for Distance Education]]
# [[FATECE]] stands for [[Faculdade de Tecnologia, Ciências e Educação]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[FC]] stands for [[Fisheries College, Bac Ninh]] ([[Vietnam]])
# [[FCCJ]] stands for [[Florida Community College]] Jacksonville
# [[FE]] stands for [[Further Education]] (post-school, non-degree courses)
# [[Fe-ConE]] stands for [[Framework for e-learning Contents Evaluation]]
# [[FELI]] stands for [[Failed E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[FernFH]] stands for [[Ferdinand Porsche FernFH]] ([[Austria]])
# [[FernFH]] stands for [[Ferdinand Porsche FernFH]] ([[Germany]])
# [[FernUni Hagen]] stands for [[FernUniversität in Hagen]] ([[Germany]])
# [[FGV]] stands for Fundação Getúlio Vargas - see [[FGV Online]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[FILTER]] stands for [[Economic filtering of knowledge]]
# [[FSM]] stands for the [[Federated States of Micronesia]] (a country)
# [[FUNDP]] stands for [[Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[FUNIBER]] stands for [[Fundación Universitaria Iberoamericana]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[FUSL]] stands for [[Facultés universitaires Saint-Louis]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[FVU]] stands for [[Finnish Virtual University]]
# [[G-20]] stands for the [[:Category:G-20 countries|Group of Twenty countries]]
# [[G8]] stands for the [[:Category:G8 countries|Group of Eight countries]]
# [[GELI]] stands for [[Giant E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[GROE]] stands for the project [[Global Resources for Online Education]]
# [[Group T]] stands for [[Group T-International University College Leuven]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[GTCS]] stands for [[Georgia Technical College System]] ([[US]])
# [[GU8]] stands for [[Global U8 Consortium]]
# [[GUA]] stands for [[Global University Alliance]], but this phrase has multiple meanings
# [[GVTC]] stands for [[Georgia Virtual Technical College]] ([[US]])
# [[GVU]] stands for [[Global Virtual University]]
# [[HCMCOU]] stands for [[Ho Chi Minh City Open University]] ([[Vietnam]])
# [[HE]] stands for Higher Education (universities and similar institutions)
# [[HECS]] stands for the Higher Education Contribution Scheme, now replaced by the [http://www.ato.gov.au/individuals/pathway.asp?pc=001/002/008/007&mnu=998&mfp=001/002&cy=1 Higher Education Loan Programme] (HELP)
# [[HEFCE]] stands for ''Higher Education Funding Council for England'' ([[UK]])
# [[HEFCW]] stands for ''Higher Education Funding Council for Wales'' ([[UK]])
# [[HEI]] stands for ''Higher Education Institution''
# [[HELIOS]] stands for [[Horizontal E-Learning Integrated Observation System]]
# [[HERO]] stands for Higher Education and Research Opportunities ([[UK]])
# [[HES]] stands for [[Harvard University Extension School]] ([[US]])
# [[HESA]] stands for [[Higher Education South Africa]], an association of Rectors
# [[HETAC]] stands for the [[Higher Education and Training Awards Council]] ([[Ireland]])
# [[HFH]] stands for [[Hamburger Fern-Hochschule]] ([[Austria]])
# [[HFH]] stands for [[Hamburger Fern-Hochschule]] ([[Germany]])
# [[HiG]] stands for [[University of Gävle]] - Högskolan i Gävle ([[Sweden]])
# [[HKU]] stands for [[University of Hong Kong]]
# [[HKVU]] stands for [[Hong Kong Virtual University]]
# [[HKCyberU]] stands for the [[Hong Kong Cyber University]] at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University
# [[HNRTVU]] or [[Henan RTV]] stands for [[Henan Radio & TV University‎]] ([[China]])
# [[HOU]] (GR) stands for the [[Hellenic Open University]] ([[Greece]]) or:
# HOU (VT) [[Hanoi Open University]] ([[Vietnam]])
# [[Howest]] stands for [[University College West Flanders]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[HSUM]] stands for [[Health Sciences University of Mongolia]]
# [[HUBrussel]] stands for [[Hogeschool-Universiteit_Brussel]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[HUT]] used to be used for [[Helsinki University of Technology]] ([[Finland]]) but [[TKK]] (Teknillinen KorkeaKoulu) is preferred
# [[HW]] stands for [[Heriot-Watt University]]
# [[HYCU]] stands for [[Hanyang Cyber University]] ([[South Korea]])
# [[IAU]] stands for [[International Association of Universities]]
# [[IBA]] stands for [[International Business Academy]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[IBC]] stands for [[International Business College]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[ICDE]] stands for the [[International Council for Open and Distance Education]]
# [[ICDL]] stands for the former International Centre for Distance Learning (at [[UKOU]]) - the database is still available to subscribers
# [[ICETEL]] stands for [[Improving Continuing Education and Training through e-learning]]
# [[IDCE]] stands for the [[[Institute of Distance and Continuing Education]http://www.uog.edu.gy/schools/idce]]
# [[IEC]] stands for the [[Idaho Electronic Campus]]
# [[IGNOU]] stands for [[Indira Gandhi National Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[IHA]] stands for [[Engineering College of Aarhus]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[IHK]] stands for [[Copenhagen University College of Engineering]] ([[Denmark]])
# IIT stands for [[Indian Institute of Technology]] ([[India]]); or
# IIT stands for [[Institute of Information Technology]] ([[Vietnam]]) - see also [[IOIT]]
# [[ILCCO]] stands for [[Illinois Community Colleges Online]] ([[US]])
# [[IMRTVU]] stands for [[Inner Mongolia Radio & TV University]]
# [[IMS]] used to stand for Instructional Management System (the initials IMS are no longer an acronym)
# [[INQAAHE]] stands for [[International Network for Quality Assurance Agencies in Higher Education]]
# [[IOCCOC]] stands for [[Iowa Community College Online Consortium]] ([[US]])
# [[IOIT]] stands for [[Institute of Information Technology]] ([[Vietnam]]) - see also [[IIT]]
# [[IOU]] stands for [[Intercultural Open University]] (based in the [[Netherlands]])
# [[ISI]] stands for [[Independent Study in Idaho]] ([[US]])
# [[ITESM]] stands for ''Instituto Tecnologico Superior de Monterrey'' - see [[Tecnológico de Monterrey]] ([[Mexico]])
# [[ITIU]] stansd for [[Università telematica internazionale UNINETTUNO]]
# [[ITU]] stands for [[IT-University of Copenhagen]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[It-vest]] stands for [[IT University West]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[IU]] stands for [[Indiana University]] Online
# [[IUA]] stands for the [[Irish Universities Association]] ([[Ireland]]) (Republic)
# [[IVC]] stands for the [[Illinois Virtual Campus]] ([[US]])
# [[JANET]] stands for Joint Academic NETwork (alleged originally to be a name significant to one of the original developers) ([[UK]])
# [[JIU]] stands for [[Jones International University]]
# [[JKU]] stands for [[Johannes Kepler Universität Linz]] ([[Austria]])
# [[JPPSG]] stands for [[Joint Procurement Policy and Strategy Group]] ([[UK]] Higher Education)
# [[JSTVU]] stands for [[Jiangsu Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[KaHo Sint-Lieven]] stands for [[Katholieke Hogeschool Sint-Lieven]]/[[Catholic University College Ghent]]([[Belgium]])
# [[KHiS]] stands for [[Kommuner och Hogskolor i Samverkan]] ([[Sweden]])
# [[KHK]] stands for [[KH Kempen University College]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[KHLim]] stands for [[Limburg Catholic University College| Katholieke Hogeschool Limburg]] or [[Limburg Catholic University College]] in English ([[Belgium]])
# [[KIIB&M]] stands for [[Kuban Institute of International Business and Management]] ([[Russia]])
# [[KIU]] stands for [[Knowledge International University]] ([[Saudi Arabia]])
# [[KKHSOU]] stands for [[K. K. Handique State University]] or K. K. Handique State Open University ([[India]])
# [[KNOU]] stands for [[Korea National Open University]]
# [[KSF]] stands for [[Key success factor]]
# [[KSOU]] stands for [[Karnataka State Open University]]
# [[KTH]] stands for [[KTH Royal Institute of Technology]] ([[Sweden]])
# [[KU]] (DK) stands for [[University of Copenhagen]] ([[Denmark]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# KU (KE) stands for [[Kenyatta University]] ([[Kenya]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# KU (US) stands for [[Kaplan College]] or Kaplan University ([[US]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation)
# [[KYVC]] and [[KYVU]] stand for [[Kentucky Virtual University]] ([[US]])
# [[LATWF]] stands for the [[Learning and Technology World Forum]], a series of conferences held each January in London, [[UK]]
# [[LCUC]] stands for [[Limburg Catholic University College]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[LERU]] stands for [[League of European Research Universities]]
# [[LieDM]] or [[LIEDM]] stands for [[Lithuanian National Distance Education Network]]
# [[LIFE]] stands for [[Learning Interoperability Framework for Europe]]
# [[LiU]] stands for [[Linköping University]]
# [[LIVIUS]] stands for [[Learning in a Virtual Integrated University]]
# [[LSDA]] stands for the former Learning and Skills Development Agency ([[UK]]) - now split into [[LSN]] and [[QIA]]
# [[LTSC]] stands for Learning Technology Standards Committee (of IEEE)
# [[LU]] stands for [[Luxembourg]] (the country) or:
# LU (CA) stands for [[Lakehead University]] ([[Canada]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# LU (CA) stands for [[Laurentian University]] ([[Canada]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation)
# [[LVU]] stands for [[Lithuanian Virtual University]]
# [[MASSIVE]] stands for [[Modelling Advice and Support Services to Integrate Virtual Component in Higher Education]]
# [[MASTER]] stand for [[Mobility, Assessment, Selection, Technology and E-Learning Research]]
# [[MCO]] stands for [[Massachusetts Colleges Online]] ([[US]])
# [[MEDIU]] stands for [[Al-Madinah International University]] ([[Philippines]])
# [[MELI]] stands for [[Major E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[MENU]] stands for [[Model for a European Networked University for e-Learning]]
# [[MESI]] stands for [[Moscow State University of Economics, Statistics and Informatics]] ([[Russia]])
# [[MEXT]] stands for the [[Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology]] ([[Japan]])
# [[MIT]] stands for the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] ([[US]])
# [[MOO]] stands for Multi-User Dungeons, Object Oriented
# [[MPBOU]] stands for [[Madhya Pradesh Bhoj Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[MSU]] stands for [[Michigan State University]] ([[US]])
# [[MU]] stands for [[Masaryk University]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[MUS]] stands for [[Montana University System‎]] ([[US]])
# [[MUW]] stands for [[Medizinische Universität Wien]] ([[Austria]])
# [[MVHS]] stands for Michigan Virtual High School ([[US]]) - see [[Michigan Virtual University]]
# [[MVS]] stands for Michigan Virtual School ([[US]]) - see [[Michigan Virtual University]]
# [[MVU]] (US) stands for [[Michigan Virtual University]] ([[US]]) - or:
# MVU stands for [[Mediterranean Virtual University]], a consortium
# [[NADE]] (NO) stands for the [[Norwegian Association for Distance Education]] or:
# NADE (LT) stands for the [[National Association of Distance Education]] in [[Lithuania]]
# [[NAHE]] stands for the [[Swedish National Association for Higher Education]]
# [[NCSL]] stands for [[National College for School Leadership]] in the [[UK]]
# [[NCU]] stands for [[Northcentral University]] ([[US]])
# [[NDEC]] stands for the National Distance Education Centre of [[Ireland]] - see also [[Oscail]] in Irish
# [[NDMA]] stands for [[Nacionaline distancinio mokymo asociacija]], in English [[National Association of Distance Education]]
# [[NELI]] stands for [[Notable E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[NIME]] stands for the [[National Institute of Multimedia Education]] ([[Japan]])
# [[NJVU]] stands for [[New Jersey Virtual University]] ([[US]])
# [[NKI]] stands for [[NKI Distance Education]], the main distance learning provider in [[Norway]]
# [[NKS]] stands for [[NKS Nettstudier]], sometimes called [[NKS Distance Education]] ([[Norway]]) (to be carefully distinguished from [[NKI]])
# [[NMMU]] stands for [[Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[NOKUT]] stands for ''Nasjonalt organ for kvalitet i utdanningen'', the [[Norwegian Agency for Quality Assurance in Education]]
# [[NOU]] stands for [[Norway Opening Universities]], the innovation programme in e-learning for HE in [[Norway]] - or:
# [[NOU]] stands for [[National Open University]] of [[Taiwan]]
# [[NOUN]] stands for the [[National Open University of Nigeria]]
# [[NPTEL]] stands for [[National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning]] ([[India]])
# [[NQAI]] stands for the [[National Qualifications Authority of Ireland]]
# [[NREN]] stands for ''National Research and Education Network''
# [[NSHU]] stands for the [[Swedish Agency for Networks and Cooperation in Higher Education]], formerly called the Swedish Net University Agency - be careful to distinguish this from [[NHSU]], the [[NHS University]] of the [[UK]]
# [[NSOU]] stands for [[Netaji Subhas Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[NSU]] stands for [[Nova Southeastern University]] ([[US]])
# [[NTUU]] stands for [[National Technical University of Ukraine]]
# [[NUCCAT]] stands for ''Northern Universities Consortium for Credit Accumulation and Transfer''
# [[NUS]] stands for [[National University of Singapore]]
# [[NUST]] stands for [[National University of Science and Technology]] ([[Zimbabwe]])
# [[NUU]] stands for [[National University of Uzbekistan]]
# [[NVU]] stands for [[Norwegian Networked University]], an association in Norway
# [[NWPI]] stands for [[North-West State Correspondence Technical University]] ([[Russia]])
# [[NWU]] stands for [[North-West University]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[NZQA]] stands for the [[New Zealand Qualifications Authority]]
# [[OBHE]] stands for the [[Observatory on Borderless Higher Education]]
# [[ODLAA]] stands for the [[Open and distance learning association of Australia]]
# [[ODU]] stands for [[Old Dominion University]] ([[US]])
# [[OECD]] stands for Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
# [[OHIO]] stands for [[Ohio University]] ([[US]])
# [[OHO]] stands for [[Open Hoger Onderwijs]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[OISE]] stands for the [[Ontario Institute for Studies in Education]] - part of the [http://www.utoronto.ca/ University of Toronto] ([[Canada]])
# [[OKI]] stands for Open Knowledge Initiative
# [[OLA]] stands for [[Open Learning Agency]] (British Columbia) – to be closed. It could also stand for ''Open Learning Australia''.
# [[OLCOS]] stands for [[Open e-Learning Content Observatory Services]]
# [[OLF]] stands for [[Open Learning Foundation]] in the [[United Kingdom]]
# [[OLIF]] stands for the [[Online Learning Innovation Fund]] of the [[UK]]
# [[OPENU]] stands for [[Open University of Israel]] ([[Israel]]) - also [[OUI]]
# [[OPNZ]] stands for the [[Open Polytechnic of New Zealand]]
# [[ORMEE]] stands for [[Observatory on Rights Management for e-Learning in Europe]]
# [[OSU]] (CZ) stands for [[University of Ostrava]] ([[Czech Republic]]) - or:
# OSU (RU) [[Orenburg State University]] ([[Russia]])
# [[OTEN]] stands for [[Open Training and Education Network]] ([[Australia]])
# [[OU Libya]] stands for [[Open University of Libya]] ([[Libya]])
# [[OU]] is a common abbreviation for UK [[Open University]] - we try to use [[UKOU]] instead
# [[OUA]] stands for [[Open Universities Australia]] -- formerly ''Open Learning Australia''
# [[OUBS]] stands for [[Open University Business School in Denmark]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[OUC]] (CY) stands for [[Open University of Cyprus]] ([[Cyprus]]) or:
# OUC (US) stands for [[Online University Consortium]] ([[US]])
# [[OUHK]] stands for [[Open University of Hong Kong]]
# [[OUI]] stands for [[Open University of Israel]] - also, [[OPENU]]
# [[OUJ]] stands for the [[Open University of Japan]], formerly the [[University of the Air]]
# [[OUM]] stands for [[Open University of Malaysia]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[OUN]] stands for [[Open Universiteit Nederland]]
# [[OUNR]] stands for [[Open University National Role]] ([[UK]])
# [[OUS]] stands for the [[Open University of Sudan]]
# [[OUSL]] stands for the [[Open University of Sri Lanka]]
# [[OUT]] stands for the [[Open University of Tanzania]]
# [[OUWB]] stands for [[Ohio University Without Boundaries]], [[US]]
# [[P2PU]] stands for [[Peer 2 Peer University]], [[US]]
# [[PANdora]] stands for Pan Asia Networking distance and open resource access, a study project
# [[PBP-VC]] stands for [[Promoting Best Practice in Virtual Campuses]]
# [[PHL]] stands for [[PHL University College]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[PI]] stands for [[Greek Pedagogical Institute]]
# [[PLATO]] stands for [[ICT Platform for Online Learning and Experiences Accreditation in the Mobility Programme]]
# [[PLM-OU]] stands for [[Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila Open University]] ([[Philippines]])
# [[PnM]] or [[PNM]] stand for [[Pick&Mix]]
# [[PNU]] stands for [[Payame Noor University]] ([[Iran]])
# [[PolyU]] stands for [[Hong Kong Polytechnic University]]
# [[PPIU]] stands for [[Phnom Penh International University]] ([[Cambodia]])
# [[PROMETEUS]] stands for PROmoting Multimedia access to Education and Training in EUropean Society
# [[PRTVU]] stands for one of the provincial-level Radio & TV universities in [[China]]
# [[PSSOU]] stands [[Pt. Sunderlal Sharma Open University| Pandit Sunderlal Sharma Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[PSU]] stands for Pennsylvania State University ([[US]]) - see [[Penn State World Campus]]
# [[PUP OU]] stands for [[Polytechnic University of the Philippines]] Open University System ([[Philippines]])
# [[PUW]] stands for [[Polski Uniwersytet Wirtualny]], the [[Polish Virtual University]]
# [[QA]] stands for [[quality assurance]]
# [[QAA]] stands for Quality Assurance Agency (for Higher Education in the [[UK]])
# [[QCA]] stands for Qualifications and Curriculum Authority ([[UK]])
# [[QOU]] stands for [[Al-Quds Open University]] ([[Palestine]])
# [[QUADEM]] stands for [[Quality Assessment of Digital Educational Materials]]
# [[QUAL-E-LEARNING]] stands for [[La qualité de l'eLearning]]
# [[QUT]] stands for [[Queensland University of Technology]] ([[Australia]])
# [[REVE]] stands for [[REal Virtual Erasmus]]
# [[RIO]] stands for Reusable Information Object (as at Cisco)
# [[RLO]] stands for Reusable Learning Object (as at Cisco)
# [[RMIT]] stands for Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (former name for RMIT) ([[Australia]])
# [[RRU]] stands for [[Royal Roads University]] ([[Canada]])
# [[RUC]] stands for [[Roskilde University]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[SAIDE]] stands for [[South African Institute for Distance Education]]
# [[SAIDI]] stands for [[Southeast Asia Interdisciplinary Development Institute]] School of Organization Development ([[Philippines]])
# [[SCAD]] stands for [[Savannah College of Art and Design]] ([[US]])
# [[SCONUL]] stands for Society of College, National and University Libraries
# [[SCORM]] stands for Sharable Course (or Courseware or Content) Object Reference Model
# [[SCQF]] stands for [[Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework]] ([[UK]])
# [[SCRTVU]] stands for [[Sichuan Radio & TV University]] ([[China]]) - see also [[SRTVU]]
# [[SCU]] stands for [[Southern Cross University]] ([[Australia]])
# [[Scuola IaD]] stands for [[Scuola IaD| Scuola per l'Istruzione a Distanza]], University of Rome Tor Vergata ([[Italy]])
# [[SDU]] (DK) stands for [[University of Southern Denmark]] ([[Denmark]]) - or:
# SDU (KR) stands for [[Seoul Digital University]] ([[Korea]])
# [[SEAMOLEC]] stands for [[South Asian Minister of Education Organization Regional Open Learning Center]] ([[Indonesia]])
# [[SEEL]] stands for [[Supporting Excellence in eLearning]]
# [[SEEQUEL]] stands for [[Sustainable Environment for the Evaluation of Quality in eLearning]]
# [[SEFI]] stands for [[European Society for Engineering Education]]
# [[SEU]] stands for [[Southeast University]] ([[Bangladesh]])
# [[SFC]] stands for the [[Scottish Funding Council]] ([[UK]])
# [[SFEFC]] stood for the former ''Scottish Further Education Funding Council'', now part of the [[Scottish Funding Council]] ([[UK]])
# [[SFU]] stands for [[Simon Fraser University]], in Vancouver ([[Canada]])
# [[SHEFC]] stands for the former ''Scottish Higher Education Funding Council'', now part of the [[Scottish Funding Council]] ([[UK]])
# [[SHTVU]] stands for [[Shanghai TV University]] - see also [[STVU]]
# [[SHU]] stands for [[Sheffield Hallam University]] ([[UK]])
# [[SLN]] stands for [[SUNY Learning Network]] ([[US]])
# [[SPC]] stands for [[St. Petersburg College]] ([[US]])
# [[SREB]] stands for [[Southern Regional Electronic Board]] ([[Electronic Campus]])
# [[SRTVU]] stands for [[Sichuan Radio & TV University]] ([[China]]) - see also [[SCRTVU]]
# [[STOU]] stands for [[Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University]] ([[Thailand]])
# [[STVU]] stands for [[Shanghai TV University]] - see also [[SHTVU]]
# [[SUA]] stands for [[Sokoine University of Agriculture]] ([[Tanzania]])
# [[SUNY]] stands for [[State University of New York]]
# [[SURF]] stands for the Dutch educational network ([[Netherlands]])
# [[SURFnet]] stands for SURF network ([[Netherlands]])
# [[SVC]] stands for [[Swiss Virtual Campus]]
# [[SVU]] stands for [[Syrian Virtual University]]
# [[SXRTVU]] stands for [[Shaanxi Radio and Television University]] ([[China]])
# [[SYTVU]] stands for [[Shenyang Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[TDU]] stand for [[Thematic Digital Universities]] ([[France]])
# [[TechBC]] stand for the former [[Technical University of British Columbia]] ([[Canada]])
# [[TÉLUQ ]] (and various variants) stands for the [[Télé-université]] du Québec, now part of the [[Université du Québec à Montréal]] ([[UQAM]])
# [[TGOU]] stands for the [[The Global Open University of Zambia]]
# [[TJRTVU]] stands for [[Tianjin Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[TKK]] stands for [[Helsinki University of Technology]] ('''''T'''eknillinen '''k'''orkea'''k'''oulu'')
# [[TLTP]] stands for Teaching and Learning Technology Programme ([[UK]])
# [[TNOU]] stands for [[Tamil Nadu Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[TQEF]] stands for [[Teaching Quality Enhancement Fund]] ([[UK]])
# [[TRU]] stands for [[Thompson Rivers University]] ([[Canada]])
# [[TUT]] stands for [[Tallinn University of Technology]] ([[Estonia]]) or:
# TUT stands for [[Tshwane University of Technology]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[TVU]] stands for [[Tamil Virtual University]] ([[India]])
# [[U21]] stands for [[Universitas 21]]
# UAB (BR) stands for [[Universidade Aberta do Brasil]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[UAb]] (PT) stands for [[Universidade Aberta]], the [[Portuguese Open University]] ([[Portugal]])
# [[UAE]] stands for [[United Arab Emirates]] (the country)
# [[UArctic]] stands for [[University of the Arctic]]
# [[UB]] stands for [[University of Baltimore]] ([[US]])
# [[UC3M]] stands for [[University Carlos III of Madrid]]
# [[UCAS]] stands for Universities and Colleges Admissions System ([[UK]])
# [[UCC]] stands for [[University College Copenhagen]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCF]] stands for [[University of Central Florida]] ([[US]])
# [[UCISA]] stands for the Universities and Colleges Information Systems Association ([[UK]])
# [[UCJ]] stands for [[Jutland University College]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCL]] stand for [[University College London]] ([[UK]])
# [[UCM]] stands for [[Complutensian University of Madrid]]
# [[UCN]] stands for [[University College of Northern Denmark]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCOE]] stands for [[Ulyanovsk Consortium of Open Education]]
# [[UCOL]] stands for [[Universal College of Learning]] ([[New Zealand]])
# [[UCSC]] stands for [[University of Colombo School of Computing]] ([[Sri Lanka]])
# [[UCSJ]] stands for [[University College Sealand]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCSouth]] stands for [[University College South]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCT]] stands for [[University of Cape Town]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[UDIMA]] stands for [[Universidad a distancia de Madrid]], or Open University of Madrid ([[Spain]])
# [[UEF]] stands for the [[University of Eastern Finland]] ([[Finland]])
# [[Ufi]] (or sometimes [[UFI]]) stands for [[University for Industry]], who deliver [[learndirect]] ([[UK]])
# [[UFS]] stands for [[University of the Free State]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[UGent]] stands for [[Universiteit Gent]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[UH]] stands for [[University of Hawaii]] System ([[US]])
# [[UHI]] stands for [[University of the Highlands and Islands]] ([[Scotland]]) ([[UK]])
# [[UIS]] stands for [[University of Illinois Springfield]]
# [[UiTM]] stands for [[Universiti Teknologi MARA]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[UK]] stands for [[United Kingdom]] - see also the University of Kentucky ([[US]])
# [[UKeU]] is the [[UK e-University]], more properly called [[UK eUniversities Worldwide Limited]] ([[UK]])
# [[UKEU]] stands for [[UK eUniversities Worldwide Limited]], or the [[UK eUniversity]] ([[UK]])
# [[UKOLN]] stands for UK Office for Library and Information Networking ([[UK]])
# [[UKOU]] stands for UK [[Open University]] ([[UK]])
# [[ULB]] stands for [[Université Libre de Bruxelles]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[ULC]] stands for [[University College Lillebaelt]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[ULg]] stands for [[University of Liege]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[ULPGC]] stands for [[University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria]] ([[Canary Islands]]; [[Spain]])
#[[ULSTU]] stands for [[Ulyanovsk State Technical University]]
# [[UMCS]] stands for [[Maria Curie-Sklodowska University]]
# [[UMH]] stands for the [[Université de Mons-Hainaut]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[UMU]] stand for [[Umeå University]]
# [[UMUC]] stands for [[University of Maryland University College]] ([[US]])
# [[UNAD]] stands for [[Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia]] ([[Colombia]])
# [[UNAM]] stands for [[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]] ([[Mexico]])
# [[UnB]] stands for [[University of Brazil]] (Universidade de Brasilia) ([[Brazil]])
# [[UNE]] (AU) stands for [[University of New England]] ([[Australia]]) - or:
# UNE (US) stands for [[University of New England (US)]]
# [[UNED]] stands for [[Universidad Estatal a Distancia]] ([[Costa Rica]])
# [[UNED]] stands for [[Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UNESCO]] stands for the [[United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization]]
# [[UNIA]] stands for the [[International University of Andalusia]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UNIACC]] stands for [[Universidad de las Artes, Ciencias, y Comunicaciones]] ([[Chile]])
# [[Uniandes]] stands for [[University of the Andes]] ([[Colombia]])
# [[UNIEDPA]] stands for [[Universidad Estatal a Distancia]] ([[Panama]])
# [[UNINETT]] is the National Education and Research Network for [[Norway]]
# [[UNIOVI]] stands for [[University of Oviedo]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UNI-QM]] stands for [[European University Quality Management Tools for Lifelong Learning]]
# [[UniSA]] stands for [[University of South Australia]] ([[Australia]])
# [[UNISA]] stands for the [[UNISA Online Campus]] at the [[University of South Africa]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[UNISIM]] or [[UniSIM]] stands for [[SIM University]] ([[Singapore]])
# [[UNITAR]] stands for [[Universiti Tun Abdul Razak]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[UNIURB]] stands for [[University of Urbino "Carlo Bo"]] ([[Italy]])
# [[UNR]] stands for [[Universités numériques en région]] ([[France]])
# [[UNT]] stands for [[Universités Numériques Thématiques]] ([[France]])
# [[UOB]] stands for [[University of Bahrain]] ([[Bahrain]])
# [[UOC]] stands for [[Universitat Oberta de Catalunya]], the ''Open University of Catalonia'' ([[Spain]]
# [[UoL]] stands for [[University of London]]
# [[UoP]] stands for [[University of the People]] ([[US]])
# [[UOPX]] stands for [[University of Phoenix]] ([[US]])
# [[UOU]] stands for [[Uttarakhand Open University]] ([[India]] )
# [[UPC]] stands for [[Polytechnic University of Catalonia]]
# [[UPF]] stands for [[Pompeu Fabra University]]
# [[UPM]] stands for [[Universidad Politécnica de Madrid]], the [[Technical University of Madrid]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UPOU]] stands for [[University of the Philippines Open University]] ([[Philippines]])
# [[UPRTOU]] stands for [[U.P. Rajarshi Tandon Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[UPX]] stands for [[University of Phoenix]] ([[US]])
# [[URJC]] stands for [[Rey Juan Carlos University]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UQAM]] stands for the [[Université du Québec à Montréal]] ([[Canada]])
# [[USDLA]] stands for the [[United States Distance Learning Association]] ([[United States]])
# [[USM]] stands for [[Universiti Sains Malaysia]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[USOU]] stands for [[United States Open University]] ([[United States]])
# [[USP]] (BR) stands for the [[University of Sao Paulo]] ([[Brazil]]) or:
# [[USP]] (FJ) stands for the [[University of the South Pacific]] ([[Fiji]]) (online learning)
# [[USQ]] (AU) stands for [[University of Southern Queensland]] ([[Australia]])
# [[USV]] stands for [[Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava]] ([[Romania]])
# [[UAPA]] stands for [[Open University for Adults]] ([[Dominican Republic]])
# [[UT]] (NL) stands for [[University of Twente]] ([[Netherlands]]) - (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# [[UT]] (IN) stands for [[Universitas Terbuka]] ([[Indonesia]]) - (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# [[UT]] (EE) stands for [[University of Tartu]] ([[Estonia]]) - (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation)
# [[UT]] (en) stands for [[University of Texas]] ([[United States]])
# [[UTPL]] stands for [[Universidad Tecnica Particular de Loja]] ([[Ecuador]])
# [[UU]] stands for [[Uppsala University]]
# [[UUK]] stands for [[Universities UK]] ([[United Kingdom]])
# [[UvA]] stands for [[University of Amsterdam]]
# [[UVF]] stands for [[Université Virtuelle Francophone]] ([[Canada]])
# [[UVPL]] stands for [[Université Virtuelle en Pays de la Loire]] ([[France]])
# [[UVQ]] stands for [[Universidad Virtual de Quilmes]] ([[Argentina]])
# [[UVT]] stands for [[Université Virtuelle de Tunis]] ([[Tunisia]])
# [[UWI]] stands for [[University of the West Indies]]
# [[UWIDEC]] stands for [[University of the West Indies]] - Distance Education Centre
# [[UWO]] stands for [[University of Western Ontario]] ([[Canada]])
# [[UWS]] stands for [[University of the West of Scotland]] ([[UK]])
# [[VCSE]] stands for [[Virtual Campus for A Sustainable Europe]]
# [[VEBS]] stands for [[Virtual European Banking School]]
# [[VENUS]] stands for [[Virtual and E-mobility for Networking Universities in Society]]
# [[VFH]] stands for [[Hochschulverbund Virtuelle Fachhochschule]] ([[Germany]]))
# [[VGU]] stands for the [[Virtual Global University]]
# [[VHB]] stands for [[Bavarian Virtual University]] ([[Germany]])
# [[ViCaDiS]] stands for [[Virtual Campus for Digital Students]]
# [[VICTORIOUS]] stands for [[VIrtual Curricula ThrOugh Reliable InterOperating University Systems]]
# [[VIPA]] stands for [[VIrtual campus for virtual space design Provided for european Architects]]
# [[VirtUE]] stands for [[Virtual University for Europe]]
# [[VM-BASE]] stands for [[Virtual Mobility Before and After Student Exchanges]]
# [[VMOU]] stands for [[Vardhaman Mahaveer Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[VŠERS]] stands for [[College of European and Regional Studies]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[VSZDRAV]] stands for [[College of Nursing and Midwifery]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[VU]] stands for [[Pakistan Virtual University]] or Virtual University of Pakistan
# [[VUB]] stands for [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[VUSAT]] stands for [[Virtual University for the Semi-Arid Tropics]] ([[India]])
# [[VUSME]] stands for [[Virtual University for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises]]
# [[VUSSC]] stands for [[Virtual University for Small States of the Commonwealth]]
# [[VUT]] stands for [[Brno University of Technology]]
# [[W&K]] stands for [[Hogeschool voor Wetenschap & Kunst]] / [[University College for Sciences and Arts]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[WADEA]] stands for the [[West African Distance Education Association]]
# [[WCEL]] stands for [[Waikato Centre for eLearning]] ([[New Zealand]])
# [[WCET]] stands for Western Cooperative for Educational Telecommunications
# [[Webcampus]] of the [[Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix]] (FUNDP) ([[Belgium]])
# [[WGU]] stands for [[Western Governors University]] ([[US]])
# [[WHOLE]] stands for [[Web-based health Organisations Learning Environment]]
# [[WOU]] stands for [[Wawasan Open University]]
# [[WSEH]] stands for [[Academy of Humanities and Economics]]
# [[WTO]] stands for World Trade Organisation
# [[XML]] stands for Extensible Markup Language
# [[YCMOU]] stands for [[Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[YÖK]] stands for ''Yükseköğretim Kurulu'', the Turkish for [[Council of Higher Education (Turkey)]]
# [[YRTVU]] stands for [[Yunnan Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[ZFH]] stands for [[Zentralstelle für Fernstudien an Fachhochschulen]] ([[Germany]])
# [[ZFUW]] stands for [[Zentrum für Fernstudien und Universitäre Weiterbildung]] ([[Germany]])
# [[ZAOU]] stands for [[Zambian Open University]]
# [[ZOU]] stands for [[Zimbabwe Open University]]

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> [[Programmes]]
 
>> [[Main Page]]

[[Category:Abbreviations| ]]

CBU

2009-09-18T09:40:28Z

Gertjan: page redirected

#REDIRECT [[Cape Breton University]]
[[Category:Abbreviations]]

Cape Breton University

2009-09-18T09:39:53Z

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{{stub}}
The ''Cape Breton University'' (CBU) supports...


The institution’s main office is in Sydney, [[Canada]]. Other campuses...



The Cape Breton University web site is at http://www.cbu.ca







----
> [[Canada]]

> [[Programmes]]

[[Category: Canada]]
[[Category:Universities]]
[[Category:Colleges]]
[[Category: University colleges]]

Abbreviations

2009-09-18T09:20:13Z

Gertjan: /* Abbreviations */ OHIO added

This is (to be) a full list of abbreviations for organisations and other activities of relevance to Re.ViCa.

A number of technical abbreviations are added - these do not link to Re.ViCa wiki pages. They are included as they are codes to avoid when creating or selecting codes for institutions and other entities.

Two-character codes are discouraged except when they are [[country codes]] but some are so common that we have been forced to adopt them.

Single-character codes are forbidden as they are used for various technical purposes.

'''Editors! Always check abbreviations first with Google and [http://www.acronymfinder.com/ Acronym finder]!'''

== Abbreviations ==
(other than 2-character country codes and 1-character codes for technical use)

The following list has been extracted from the list developed for [[The e-University Compendium]] and then further developed.

It is aimed to contain the standard abbreviations for all entities, institutions, programmes (especially [[MELI]]s etc) and projects of interest in the countries of most interest - plus for open/distance teaching universities across the world.

# [[AABSC]] stands for the [[Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business]]
# [[AAOU]] stands for the [[Asian Association of Open Universities]]
# [[AAU]] stands for [[Aalborg University]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[ABED]] stands for the [[Brazilian Association of Distance Education]]
# [[ACODE]] stands for [[Australasian Council on Open, Distance and E-Learning]]
# [[ACU]] stands for [[Association of Commonwealth Universities]] - see also [[Australian Catholic University]] and [[Abilene Christian University]] ([[US]])
# [[AIESAD]] stands for Asociación Iberoamericana de Educación Superior a Distancia, the [[Ibero-American Association of Distance Education Universities]]
# [[AIOU]] stands for the [[Allama Iqbal Open University]] ([[Pakistan]]) - see also
# AIOU stands for the [[Asia International Open University]] ([[Macao]])
# [[AIU]] stands for [[American InterContinental University]]
# [[AJU]] stands for [[Andrew Jackson University‎]] ([[US]])
# [[ALFA]] stands for [[América Latina - Formación Académica]], a programme of cooperation between higher education institutions of the European Union and Latin America
# [[ALT]] stands for [[Association for Learning Technology]], focussed on the [[UK]]
# [[AMBA]] stands for The Association of MBAs
# [[AmSU]] stands for [[Amur State University]] ([[Russia]])
# [[AMU]] stands for [[Academy of Performing Arts in Prague]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[ANCED]] stands for the [[Asociación Nacional de Centros de e-Learning y Distancia]] ([[Spain]])
# [[AOU]] stands for the [[Arab Open University]]
# [[APQN]] stands for [[Asia-Pacific Quality Network]]
# [[AQF]] stands for [[Australian Qualifications Framework]]
# [[ARIADNE]] stands for [[Alliance of Remote Instructional Authoring and Distribution Networks for Europe]]
# [[ARIEL]] stands for [[Analysing and Reporting the Implementation of Electronic Learning in Europe]]
# [[ASEAN]] stands for [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations]]
# [[ATN]] stands for [[Australian Technology Network]] (of universities)
# [[AU]] stands for [[Australia]] (the country) or:
# AU (DK) stands for [[Aarhus University]] ([[Denmark]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# AU (CA) stands for [[Athabasca University]] ([[Canada]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# AU stands for Ashford University ([[US]])
# [[AUCC]] stands for the [[Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada]]
# [[AUGent]] stands for [[Ghent University Association]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[AUHA]] stands for [[Associatie Universiteit & Hogescholen Antwerpen]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[AUHL]] stands for [[Associatie Universiteit-Hogescholen Limburg]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[AULP]] stands for [[Associação das Universidades de Língua Portuguesa]] ([[Association of Universities in the Language of Portuguese]])
# [[AUO]] stands for [[Ashford University Online]]
# [[AUQA]] stands for the [[Australian Universities Quality Agency]]
# [[AUT]] stands for [[Auckland University of Technology]] - no longer for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_University_Teachers Association of University Teachers] which does not exist now
# [[AUTH]] stands for [[Aristotle University of Thessaloniki]] ([[Greece]])
# [[AVU]] stands for [[African Virtual University]]
# [[AZUN]] stands for [[Arizona Universities Network]], [[US]]
# [[BAOU]] stands for [[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University]] ([[Turkey]])
# [[BAU]] stand for [[Al-Balqa' Applied University]] ([[Jordan]])
# [[BAWEST]] stands for [[Business Academy West]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[BBE]] stands for [[Business of Borderless Education]] (report)
# [[BCOU]] stands for [[British Columbia Open University]] (now absorbed into [[Thompson Rivers University]])
# [[Becta]] or formerly [[BECTa]] stands for [[British Educational Communications and Technology Agency]] ([[UK]]) but the long form is rarely used now
# [[BELNET]] stands for the [[Belgian Research and Education Network]]
# [[BFSU]] stands for [[Beijing Foreign Studies University]] ([[China]])
# [[BI]] stands for [[BI Norwegian School of Management]] - see also [[Burundi]], [[Africa]]
# [[BME]] stands for [[Budapest University of Technology and Economics]] ([[Hungary]])
# [[BMUKK]] stands for ''Bundesministerium für Unterricht, Kunst und Kultur''/ [[Federal_Ministry_for_Education%2C_Arts_and_Culture]] ([[Austria]])
# [[BMWF]] stands for ''Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung'' / [[Federal Ministry of Science and Research]] ([[Austria]])
# [[BNU]] stands for [[Beijing Normal University]] ([[China]])
# [[BOU]] stands for the [[Bangladesh Open University]]
# [[BRAOU]] stands for the [[Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[BSEC]] stands for [[Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation]]
# [[BTVU]] stands for [[Beijing Radio & TV University‎]] ([[China]])
# [[BVU]] stands for [[Bulgarian Virtual University]] or [[Best Virtual Universities Organisation]]
# [[CANARIE]] stands for [[Canadian Network for the Advancement of Research, Industry and Education]], the [[NREN]] in [[Canada]]
# [[CARADOL]] stands for the [[Caribbean Association for Distance and Open Learning]]
# [[CARET]] stands for the [[Centre for Applied Research in Educational Technologies at the University of Cambridge]]
# [[CBS]] stands for [[Copenhagen Business School]]
# [[CCC]] stands for [[Coastline Community College]] ([[US]])
# [[CCCOnline]] stands for [[Colorado Community Colleges Online]] ([[US]])
# [[CCDL]] stands for [[Cross Cultural Distance Learning]], an international consortium
# [[CCi]] stands for [[Corinthian Colleges]], Inc. ([[US]])
# [[CCRTVU]] stands for the [[China Central Radio & TV University]]
# [[CCSNH]] stands for [[Community College System of New Hampshire]] ([[US]])
# [[Cederj]] stands for [[Center for Distance Learning of the State of Rio de Janeiro]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[CELI]] stands for [[Ceased E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[CERNET]] stands for the [[China Education and Research Network]]
# [[CETIS]] stands for [[Centre for Educational Technology Interoperability Standards]] but the long form is rarely used now ([[UK]])
# [[CEVU]] stands for [[Collaborative European Virtual University]]
# [[CHEA]] stands for [[Council for Higher Education Accreditation]] (US) - agency
# [[CHEI]] stands for [[Council for Higher Education]] ([[Israel]])
# [[CHEMS]] stands for [[Commonwealth Higher Education Management Service]] - now ceased
# [[CICEI]] stands for Centro de Innovación para la Sociedad de la Información (Innovation Center for the Information Society) ([[Canary Islands]]; [[Spain]])
# [[CIFFAD]] stands for [[Consortium International Francophone de Formation a Distance]]
# [[CMEC]] stands for the [[Council of Ministers of Education, Canada]]
# [[CMU]] stands for [[Carnegie Mellon University]] ([[US]])
# [[CNAM]] stands for [[Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers]] ([[France]])
# [[CNAVES]] was the Portuguese agency for quality in higher education. It closed in 2007 and is now replaced by another body.
# [[CNED]] stands for [[Centre National d'Enseignement à Distance]]. In French the abbreviation is [[Cned]] ([[France]])
# [[CNFD]] stands for [[Campus Numérique Francophone de Dakar]] ([[Senegal]])
# [[COL]] stands for [[Commonwealth of Learning]] ([[Canada]])
# [[COME]] stands for [[Warsaw University Centre for Open and Multimedia Education]] ([[Poland]])
# [[CPLP]] stands for [[Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa]] ([[Community of Portuguese Language Countries]])
# [[CRTVU]] stands for [[China Central Radio & TV University]]
# [[CRUP]] stands for [[Conselho de Reitores das Universidades Portuguesas]] ([[Portugal]])
# [[CSF]] stands for [[Critical success factor]]
# [[CSU]] stands for [[Charles Sturt University]] ([[Australia]])
# [[CTDLC]] stands for [[Connecticut Distance Learning Consortium]] ([[US]])
# [[CTU]] stands for [[Czech Technical University in Prague]] ([[Czech Republic]]) - see also [[Colorado Technical University]] ([[US]])
# [[CU Online]] stands for [[Colorado University Online]] ([[US]])
# [[CU]] stands for [[Charles University]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# CU stands for [[Cyber University]] ([[Japan]])
# [[CUTV]] stands for [[Carleton University]] Television ([[Canada]])
# [[CVA-RICESU]] stands for [[Comunidade Virtual de Aprendizagem Rede de Instituições Católicas de Ensino Superior]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[CVC]] stands for [[California Virtual Campus]] ([[US]])
# [[CVG]] stands for [[Campus Virtuel en Gestion]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[CVU]] stands for [[Canadian Virtual University]]. It was also used in the past for [[Clyde Virtual University]].
# [[DBIS]] stands for the [[Department for Business, Innovation & Skills]] of the [[UK]], which oversees universities and colleges
# [[DCSF]] is the ''Department for Children, Schools and Families'' of the [[UK]]
# [[DCU]] stands for [[Dublin City University]] ([[Ireland]]) - the host of [[OSCAIL]]
# [[DDU]] stands for the [[Dutch Digital University]] (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation [[DU]] commonly used in [[Netherlands]])
# [[DEASA]] stands for the [[Distance Education Association of Southern Africa]]
# [[DEEWR]] is the ''Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations'' in [[Australia]]
# [[DELNI]] is the ''Department for Employment and Learning, [[Northern Ireland]]''
# [[DELOS]] stands for [[Developing a European e-learning Observation System]]
# [[DEST]] is a department now merged into [[DEEWR]]
# [[DETYA]] stood for ''Department of Education, Training and Youth Affairs'' ([[Australia]]), later called [[DEST]]
# [[DfEE]] stands for the former ''Department for Education and Employment'' of the [[UK]], a very old name for [[DfES]]
# [[DfES]] stands for the former ''Department for Education and Skills'' of the [[UK]], now split into [[DCSF]] and [[DIUS]]
# [[DFID]] stands for ''Department for International Development'' of the [[UK]]
# [[DCU]] stands for [[Daegu Cyber University]] ([[South Korea]])
# [[DGAU]] stands for [[Dennis Gabor Applied University]] ([[Hungary]])
# [[DISC]] stands for [[Distance and International Study Center]] ([[Germany]]) - a.k.a. [[ZFUW]]
# [[DIUS]] is the ''Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills'' of the [[UK]]
# [[DTU]] stands for [[Technical University of Denmark]]
# [[DVD]] stands for Digital Versatile Disk (no longer Digital Video Disk)
# [[DVU]] stands for [[Danish Virtual University]]
# [[E.A.S.Y.]] stands for [[Agency for Easy Access to Virtual Campus]]
# [[EADL]] stands for [[European Association for Distance Learning]]
# [[EADTU]] stands for the [[European Association of Distance Teaching Universities]]
# [[EBS]] stands for [[Estonian Business School Open University]]
# [[ECDVU]] stands for [[Early Childhood Development Virtual University]]
# [[eChina]] stands for the [[Sino-UK eLearning Programme]]
# [[ECTS]] stands for ''European Credit Transfer System'', sometimes called the ''European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System''
# [[EDEN]] stands for [[European Distance and E-Learning Network]]
# [[EDHEC]] stands for [[École De Hautes Études Commerciales du Nord]] ([[France]])
# [[EdiNet]] stands for [[E-learning in Distributed Data Network Laboratory]]
# [[eduGI]] stands for [[Reuse and Sharing of e-Learning Courses in GI Science Education]]
# [[EEA]] stands for the [[:Category:European Economic Area|European Economic Area]]
# [[EELU]] stands for [[Egyptian E-Learning University]]
# [[EeU]] stands for [[Estonian e-University]]
# [[EEZ]] stands for the [[European Economic Zone]] of [[EU]], [[EEA]] and [[Switzerland]]
# [[EFQM]] stands for European Foundation for Quality Management
# [[EhB]] stands for [[Erasmus University College Brussels]]
# [[ELDDA]] stands for e-Learning Digital Dashboard
# [[eLene-TT]] stands for [[e-Learning Network for Teacher Training]]
# [[e-LERU]] stands for [[League of European Research Universities virtual campus]]
# [[ELUE]] stands for [[Improving quality of e-learning in universities]]
# [[ELWA]] stood for ''Education and Learning [[Wales]]'' but is no longer used - see [[HEFCW]]
# [[EML]] stands for Educational Markup Language
# [[eMM]] and [[EMM]] stand for the e-Learning Maturity Model for benchmarking e-learning
# [[E-move]] stands for [[An Operational Conception of Virtual Mobility]]
# [[EMTC]] stands for [[E. mokymosi technologijų centras]], in English [[e-Learning Technology Centre at Kaunas University of Technology]]
# [[ENQA]] stands for the [[European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education]]
# [[EPICS]] stands for [[European Portal for International Courses and Services for Virtual Erasmus]]
# [[EQO]] stands for [[European Quality Observatory]]
# [[EQUEL]] stands for [[E-quality in e-learning research Laboratoire]]
# [[EQUIS]] stands for European Quality Improvement System
# [[eRNIST]] stands for [[European Research Network for ICT in Schools of Tomorrow]]
# [[ESC]] stands for [[Empire State College]] ([[US]])
# [[ESEN]] stands for [[European Small and medium entreprise E-learning Network]]
# [[ESP-T]] stands for [[English for Specific Purposes: Therapeutic Professions]]
# [[ESRC]] stands for [http://www.esrc.ac.uk Economic and Social Research Council] ([[UK]])
# [[ETT.Campus]] stands for [[European Teachers and Trainers campus]]
# [[e-Ttnet]] stands for [[Training of trainers network for e-learning]]
# [[EU]] stands for [[European Union]]
# [[e-U]] stands for the [[UK e-University]] (the one that became [[UKeU]])
# [[EUA]] stands for [[European University Association]]
# [[EUNITE]] stands for [[European Universities Network for IT in Education]]
# [[e-URBs]] stands for [[European Master in Comparative Urban Studies]]
# [[EUROMOVE]] stands for [[European Mobility through Virtual Education]]
# [[EuroPACE]] stands for [[European Professional Association for Collaboration in E-Learning]]
# [[EVENE]] stands for [[Erasmus Virtual Economics & Management Studies Exchange]]
# [[EVICAB]] stands for [[European Virtual Campus for Biomedical Engineering]]
# [[EWNI]] stands for [[England, Wales and Northern Ireland]] - the home nations of the [[UK]] other than [[Scotland]]
# [[FADE]] stands for the [[Finnish Association for Distance Education]]
# [[FATECE]] stands for [[Faculdade de Tecnologia, Ciências e Educação]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[FC]] stands for [[Fisheries College, Bac Ninh]] ([[Vietnam]])
# [[FCCJ]] stands for [[Florida Community College]] Jacksonville
# [[FE]] stands for [[Further Education]] (post-school, non-degree courses)
# [[Fe-ConE]] stands for [[Framework for e-learning Contents Evaluation]]
# [[FELI]] stands for [[Failed E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[FernFH]] stands for [[Ferdinand Porsche FernFH]] ([[Austria]])
# [[FernFH]] stands for [[Ferdinand Porsche FernFH]] ([[Germany]])
# [[FernUni Hagen]] stands for [[FernUniversität in Hagen]] ([[Germany]])
# [[FGV]] stands for Fundação Getúlio Vargas - see [[FGV Online]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[FILTER]] stands for [[Economic filtering of knowledge]]
# [[FSM]] stands for the [[Federated States of Micronesia]] (a country)
# [[FUNDP]] stands for [[Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[FUNIBER]] stands for [[Fundación Universitaria Iberoamericana]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[FUSL]] stands for [[Facultés universitaires Saint-Louis]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[FVU]] stands for [[Finnish Virtual University]]
# [[G-20]] stands for the [[:Category:G-20 countries|Group of Twenty countries]]
# [[G8]] stands for the [[:Category:G8 countries|Group of Eight countries]]
# [[GELI]] stands for [[Giant E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[GROE]] stands for the project [[Global Resources for Online Education]]
# [[Group T]] stands for [[Group T-International University College Leuven]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[GTCS]] stands for [[Georgia Technical College System]] ([[US]])
# [[GU8]] stands for [[Global U8 Consortium]]
# [[GUA]] stands for [[Global University Alliance]], but this phrase has multiple meanings
# [[GVTC]] stands for [[Georgia Virtual Technical College]] ([[US]])
# [[GVU]] stands for [[Global Virtual University]]
# [[HCMCOU]] stands for [[Ho Chi Minh City Open University]] ([[Vietnam]])
# [[HE]] stands for Higher Education (universities and similar institutions)
# [[HECS]] stands for the Higher Education Contribution Scheme, now replaced by the [http://www.ato.gov.au/individuals/pathway.asp?pc=001/002/008/007&mnu=998&mfp=001/002&cy=1 Higher Education Loan Programme] (HELP)
# [[HEFCE]] stands for ''Higher Education Funding Council for England'' ([[UK]])
# [[HEFCW]] stands for ''Higher Education Funding Council for Wales'' ([[UK]])
# [[HEI]] stands for ''Higher Education Institution''
# [[HELIOS]] stands for [[Horizontal E-Learning Integrated Observation System]]
# [[HERO]] stands for Higher Education and Research Opportunities ([[UK]])
# [[HES]] stands for [[Harvard University Extension School]] ([[US]])
# [[HESA]] stands for [[Higher Education South Africa]], an association of Rectors
# [[HETAC]] stands for the [[Higher Education and Training Awards Council]] ([[Ireland]])
# [[HFH]] stands for [[Hamburger Fern-Hochschule]] ([[Austria]])
# [[HFH]] stands for [[Hamburger Fern-Hochschule]] ([[Germany]])
# [[HiG]] stands for [[University of Gävle]] - Högskolan i Gävle ([[Sweden]])
# [[HKU]] stands for [[University of Hong Kong]]
# [[HKVU]] stands for [[Hong Kong Virtual University]]
# [[HKCyberU]] stands for the [[Hong Kong Cyber University]] at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University
# [[HNRTVU]] or [[Henan RTV]] stands for [[Henan Radio & TV University‎]] ([[China]])
# [[HOU]] (GR) stands for the [[Hellenic Open University]] ([[Greece]]) or:
# HOU (VT) [[Hanoi Open University]] ([[Vietnam]])
# [[Howest]] stands for [[University College West Flanders]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[HSUM]] stands for [[Health Sciences University of Mongolia]]
# [[HUBrussel]] stands for [[Hogeschool-Universiteit_Brussel]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[HUT]] used to be used for [[Helsinki University of Technology]] ([[Finland]]) but [[TKK]] (Teknillinen KorkeaKoulu) is preferred
# [[HW]] stands for [[Heriot-Watt University]]
# [[HYCU]] stands for [[Hanyang Cyber University]] ([[South Korea]])
# [[IAU]] stands for [[International Association of Universities]]
# [[IBA]] stands for [[International Business Academy]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[IBC]] stands for [[International Business College]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[ICDE]] stands for the [[International Council for Open and Distance Education]]
# [[ICDL]] stands for the former International Centre for Distance Learning (at [[UKOU]]) - the database is still available to subscribers
# [[ICETEL]] stands for [[Improving Continuing Education and Training through e-learning]]
# [[IDCE]] stands for the [[[Institute of Distance and Continuing Education]http://www.uog.edu.gy/schools/idce]]
# [[IEC]] stands for the [[Idaho Electronic Campus]]
# [[IGNOU]] stands for [[Indira Gandhi National Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[IHA]] stands for [[Engineering College of Aarhus]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[IHK]] stands for [[Copenhagen University College of Engineering]] ([[Denmark]])
# IIT stands for [[Indian Institute of Technology]] ([[India]]); or
# IIT stands for [[Institute of Information Technology]] ([[Vietnam]]) - see also [[IOIT]]
# [[ILCCO]] stands for [[Illinois Community Colleges Online]] ([[US]])
# [[IMRTVU]] stands for [[Inner Mongolia Radio & TV University]]
# [[IMS]] used to stand for Instructional Management System (the initials IMS are no longer an acronym)
# [[INQAAHE]] stands for [[International Network for Quality Assurance Agencies in Higher Education]]
# [[IOCCOC]] stands for [[Iowa Community College Online Consortium]] ([[US]])
# [[IOIT]] stands for [[Institute of Information Technology]] ([[Vietnam]]) - see also [[IIT]]
# [[IOU]] stands for [[Intercultural Open University]] (based in the [[Netherlands]])
# [[ISI]] stands for [[Independent Study in Idaho]] ([[US]])
# [[ITESM]] stands for ''Instituto Tecnologico Superior de Monterrey'' - see [[Tecnológico de Monterrey]] ([[Mexico]])
# [[ITIU]] stansd for [[Università telematica internazionale UNINETTUNO]]
# [[ITU]] stands for [[IT-University of Copenhagen]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[It-vest]] stands for [[IT University West]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[IU]] stands for [[Indiana University]] Online
# [[IUA]] stands for the [[Irish Universities Association]] ([[Ireland]]) (Republic)
# [[IVC]] stands for the [[Illinois Virtual Campus]] ([[US]])
# [[JANET]] stands for Joint Academic NETwork (alleged originally to be a name significant to one of the original developers) ([[UK]])
# [[JIU]] stands for [[Jones International University]]
# [[JKU]] stands for [[Johannes Kepler Universität Linz]] ([[Austria]])
# [[JPPSG]] stands for [[Joint Procurement Policy and Strategy Group]] ([[UK]] Higher Education)
# [[JSTVU]] stands for [[Jiangsu Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[KaHo Sint-Lieven]] stands for [[Katholieke Hogeschool Sint-Lieven]]/[[Catholic University College Ghent]]([[Belgium]])
# [[KHiS]] stands for [[Kommuner och Hogskolor i Samverkan]] ([[Sweden]])
# [[KHK]] stands for [[KH Kempen University College]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[KHLim]] stands for [[Limburg Catholic University College| Katholieke Hogeschool Limburg]] or [[Limburg Catholic University College]] in English ([[Belgium]])
# [[KIIB&M]] stands for [[Kuban Institute of International Business and Management]] ([[Russia]])
# [[KIU]] stands for [[Knowledge International University]] ([[Saudi Arabia]])
# [[KKHSOU]] stands for [[K. K. Handique State University]] or K. K. Handique State Open University ([[India]])
# [[KNOU]] stands for [[Korea National Open University]]
# [[KSF]] stands for [[Key success factor]]
# [[KSOU]] stands for [[Karnataka State Open University]]
# [[KTH]] stands for [[KTH Royal Institute of Technology]] ([[Sweden]])
# [[KU]] (DK) stands for [[University of Copenhagen]] ([[Denmark]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# KU (KE) stands for [[Kenyatta University]] ([[Kenya]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# KU (US) stands for [[Kaplan College]] or Kaplan University ([[US]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation)
# [[KYVC]] and [[KYVU]] stand for [[Kentucky Virtual University]] ([[US]])
# [[LATWF]] stands for the [[Learning and Technology World Forum]], a series of conferences held each January in London, [[UK]]
# [[LCUC]] stands for [[Limburg Catholic University College]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[LERU]] stands for [[League of European Research Universities]]
# [[LieDM]] or [[LIEDM]] stands for [[Lithuanian National Distance Education Network]]
# [[LIFE]] stands for [[Learning Interoperability Framework for Europe]]
# [[LiU]] stands for [[Linköping University]]
# [[LIVIUS]] stands for [[Learning in a Virtual Integrated University]]
# [[LSDA]] stands for the former Learning and Skills Development Agency ([[UK]]) - now split into [[LSN]] and [[QIA]]
# [[LTSC]] stands for Learning Technology Standards Committee (of IEEE)
# [[LU]] stands for [[Luxembourg]] (the country) or:
# LU (CA) stands for [[Lakehead University]] ([[Canada]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# LU (CA) stands for [[Laurentian University]] ([[Canada]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation)
# [[LVU]] stands for [[Lithuanian Virtual University]]
# [[MASSIVE]] stands for [[Modelling Advice and Support Services to Integrate Virtual Component in Higher Education]]
# [[MASTER]] stand for [[Mobility, Assessment, Selection, Technology and E-Learning Research]]
# [[MCO]] stands for [[Massachusetts Colleges Online]] ([[US]])
# [[MEDIU]] stands for [[Al-Madinah International University]] ([[Philippines]])
# [[MELI]] stands for [[Major E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[MENU]] stands for [[Model for a European Networked University for e-Learning]]
# [[MESI]] stands for [[Moscow State University of Economics, Statistics and Informatics]] ([[Russia]])
# [[MEXT]] stands for the [[Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology]] ([[Japan]])
# [[MIT]] stands for the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] ([[US]])
# [[MOO]] stands for Multi-User Dungeons, Object Oriented
# [[MPBOU]] stands for [[Madhya Pradesh Bhoj Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[MSU]] stands for [[Michigan State University]] ([[US]])
# [[MU]] stands for [[Masaryk University]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[MUS]] stands for [[Montana University System‎]] ([[US]])
# [[MUW]] stands for [[Medizinische Universität Wien]] ([[Austria]])
# [[MVHS]] stands for Michigan Virtual High School ([[US]]) - see [[Michigan Virtual University]]
# [[MVS]] stands for Michigan Virtual School ([[US]]) - see [[Michigan Virtual University]]
# [[MVU]] (US) stands for [[Michigan Virtual University]] ([[US]]) - or:
# MVU stands for [[Mediterranean Virtual University]], a consortium
# [[NADE]] (NO) stands for the [[Norwegian Association for Distance Education]] or:
# NADE (LT) stands for the [[National Association of Distance Education]] in [[Lithuania]]
# [[NAHE]] stands for the [[Swedish National Association for Higher Education]]
# [[NCSL]] stands for [[National College for School Leadership]] in the [[UK]]
# [[NCU]] stands for [[Northcentral University]] ([[US]])
# [[NDEC]] stands for the National Distance Education Centre of [[Ireland]] - see also [[Oscail]] in Irish
# [[NDMA]] stands for [[Nacionaline distancinio mokymo asociacija]], in English [[National Association of Distance Education]]
# [[NELI]] stands for [[Notable E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[NIME]] stands for the [[National Institute of Multimedia Education]] ([[Japan]])
# [[NJVU]] stands for [[New Jersey Virtual University]] ([[US]])
# [[NKI]] stands for [[NKI Distance Education]], the main distance learning provider in [[Norway]]
# [[NKS]] stands for [[NKS Nettstudier]], sometimes called [[NKS Distance Education]] ([[Norway]]) (to be carefully distinguished from [[NKI]])
# [[NMMU]] stands for [[Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[NOKUT]] stands for ''Nasjonalt organ for kvalitet i utdanningen'', the [[Norwegian Agency for Quality Assurance in Education]]
# [[NOU]] stands for [[Norway Opening Universities]], the innovation programme in e-learning for HE in [[Norway]] - or:
# [[NOU]] stands for [[National Open University]] of [[Taiwan]]
# [[NOUN]] stands for the [[National Open University of Nigeria]]
# [[NPTEL]] stands for [[National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning]] ([[India]])
# [[NQAI]] stands for the [[National Qualifications Authority of Ireland]]
# [[NREN]] stands for ''National Research and Education Network''
# [[NSHU]] stands for the [[Swedish Agency for Networks and Cooperation in Higher Education]], formerly called the Swedish Net University Agency - be careful to distinguish this from [[NHSU]], the [[NHS University]] of the [[UK]]
# [[NSOU]] stands for [[Netaji Subhas Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[NSU]] stands for [[Nova Southeastern University]] ([[US]])
# [[NTUU]] stands for [[National Technical University of Ukraine]]
# [[NUCCAT]] stands for ''Northern Universities Consortium for Credit Accumulation and Transfer''
# [[NUS]] stands for [[National University of Singapore]]
# [[NUST]] stands for [[National University of Science and Technology]] ([[Zimbabwe]])
# [[NUU]] stands for [[National University of Uzbekistan]]
# [[NVU]] stands for [[Norwegian Networked University]], an association in Norway
# [[NWPI]] stands for [[North-West State Correspondence Technical University]] ([[Russia]])
# [[NWU]] stands for [[North-West University]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[NZQA]] stands for the [[New Zealand Qualifications Authority]]
# [[OBHE]] stands for the [[Observatory on Borderless Higher Education]]
# [[ODLAA]] stands for the [[Open and distance learning association of Australia]]
# [[ODU]] stands for [[Old Dominion University]] ([[US]])
# [[OECD]] stands for Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
# [[OHIO]] stands for [[Ohio University]] ([[US]])
# [[OHO]] stands for [[Open Hoger Onderwijs]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[OISE]] stands for the [[Ontario Institute for Studies in Education]] - part of the [http://www.utoronto.ca/ University of Toronto] ([[Canada]])
# [[OKI]] stands for Open Knowledge Initiative
# [[OLA]] stands for [[Open Learning Agency]] (British Columbia) – to be closed. It could also stand for ''Open Learning Australia''.
# [[OLCOS]] stands for [[Open e-Learning Content Observatory Services]]
# [[OLF]] stands for [[Open Learning Foundation]] in the [[United Kingdom]]
# [[OLIF]] stands for the [[Online Learning Innovation Fund]] of the [[UK]]
# [[OPENU]] stands for [[Open University of Israel]] ([[Israel]]) - also [[OUI]]
# [[OPNZ]] stands for the [[Open Polytechnic of New Zealand]]
# [[ORMEE]] stands for [[Observatory on Rights Management for e-Learning in Europe]]
# [[OSU]] (CZ) stands for [[University of Ostrava]] ([[Czech Republic]]) - or:
# OSU (RU) [[Orenburg State University]] ([[Russia]])
# [[OTEN]] stands for [[Open Training and Education Network]] ([[Australia]])
# [[OU Libya]] stands for [[Open University of Libya]] ([[Libya]])
# [[OU]] is a common abbreviation for UK [[Open University]] - we try to use [[UKOU]] instead
# [[OUA]] stands for [[Open Universities Australia]] -- formerly ''Open Learning Australia''
# [[OUBS]] stands for [[Open University Business School in Denmark]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[OUC]] (CY) stands for [[Open University of Cyprus]] ([[Cyprus]]) or:
# OUC (US) stands for [[Online University Consortium]] ([[US]])
# [[OUHK]] stands for [[Open University of Hong Kong]]
# [[OUI]] stands for [[Open University of Israel]] - also, [[OPENU]]
# [[OUJ]] stands for the [[Open University of Japan]], formerly the [[University of the Air]]
# [[OUM]] stands for [[Open University of Malaysia]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[OUN]] stands for [[Open Universiteit Nederland]]
# [[OUNR]] stands for [[Open University National Role]] ([[UK]])
# [[OUS]] stands for the [[Open University of Sudan]]
# [[OUSL]] stands for the [[Open University of Sri Lanka]]
# [[OUT]] stands for the [[Open University of Tanzania]]
# [[OUWB]] stands for [[Ohio University Without Boundaries]], [[US]]
# [[P2PU]] stands for [[Peer 2 Peer University]], [[US]]
# [[PANdora]] stands for Pan Asia Networking distance and open resource access, a study project
# [[PBP-VC]] stands for [[Promoting Best Practice in Virtual Campuses]]
# [[PHL]] stands for [[PHL University College]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[PI]] stands for [[Greek Pedagogical Institute]]
# [[PLATO]] stands for [[ICT Platform for Online Learning and Experiences Accreditation in the Mobility Programme]]
# [[PLM-OU]] stands for [[Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila Open University]] ([[Philippines]])
# [[PnM]] or [[PNM]] stand for [[Pick&Mix]]
# [[PNU]] stands for [[Payame Noor University]] ([[Iran]])
# [[PolyU]] stands for [[Hong Kong Polytechnic University]]
# [[PPIU]] stands for [[Phnom Penh International University]] ([[Cambodia]])
# [[PROMETEUS]] stands for PROmoting Multimedia access to Education and Training in EUropean Society
# [[PRTVU]] stands for one of the provincial-level Radio & TV universities in [[China]]
# [[PSSOU]] stands [[Pt. Sunderlal Sharma Open University| Pandit Sunderlal Sharma Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[PSU]] stands for Pennsylvania State University ([[US]]) - see [[Penn State World Campus]]
# [[PUP OU]] stands for [[Polytechnic University of the Philippines]] Open University System ([[Philippines]])
# [[PUW]] stands for [[Polski Uniwersytet Wirtualny]], the [[Polish Virtual University]]
# [[QA]] stands for [[quality assurance]]
# [[QAA]] stands for Quality Assurance Agency (for Higher Education in the [[UK]])
# [[QCA]] stands for Qualifications and Curriculum Authority ([[UK]])
# [[QOU]] stands for [[Al-Quds Open University]] ([[Palestine]])
# [[QUADEM]] stands for [[Quality Assessment of Digital Educational Materials]]
# [[QUAL-E-LEARNING]] stands for [[La qualité de l'eLearning]]
# [[QUT]] stands for [[Queensland University of Technology]] ([[Australia]])
# [[REVE]] stands for [[REal Virtual Erasmus]]
# [[RIO]] stands for Reusable Information Object (as at Cisco)
# [[RLO]] stands for Reusable Learning Object (as at Cisco)
# [[RMIT]] stands for Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (former name for RMIT) ([[Australia]])
# [[RRU]] stands for [[Royal Roads University]] ([[Canada]])
# [[RUC]] stands for [[Roskilde University]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[SAIDE]] stands for [[South African Institute for Distance Education]]
# [[SAIDI]] stands for [[Southeast Asia Interdisciplinary Development Institute]] School of Organization Development ([[Philippines]])
# [[SCAD]] stands for [[Savannah College of Art and Design]] ([[US]])
# [[SCONUL]] stands for Society of College, National and University Libraries
# [[SCORM]] stands for Sharable Course (or Courseware or Content) Object Reference Model
# [[SCQF]] stands for [[Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework]] ([[UK]])
# [[SCRTVU]] stands for [[Sichuan Radio & TV University]] ([[China]]) - see also [[SRTVU]]
# [[SCU]] stands for [[Southern Cross University]] ([[Australia]])
# [[Scuola IaD]] stands for [[Scuola IaD| Scuola per l'Istruzione a Distanza]], University of Rome Tor Vergata ([[Italy]])
# [[SDU]] (DK) stands for [[University of Southern Denmark]] ([[Denmark]]) - or:
# SDU (KR) stands for [[Seoul Digital University]] ([[Korea]])
# [[SEAMOLEC]] stands for [[South Asian Minister of Education Organization Regional Open Learning Center]] ([[Indonesia]])
# [[SEEL]] stands for [[Supporting Excellence in eLearning]]
# [[SEEQUEL]] stands for [[Sustainable Environment for the Evaluation of Quality in eLearning]]
# [[SEFI]] stands for [[European Society for Engineering Education]]
# [[SEU]] stands for [[Southeast University]] ([[Bangladesh]])
# [[SFC]] stands for the [[Scottish Funding Council]] ([[UK]])
# [[SFEFC]] stood for the former ''Scottish Further Education Funding Council'', now part of the [[Scottish Funding Council]] ([[UK]])
# [[SFU]] stands for [[Simon Fraser University]], in Vancouver ([[Canada]])
# [[SHEFC]] stands for the former ''Scottish Higher Education Funding Council'', now part of the [[Scottish Funding Council]] ([[UK]])
# [[SHTVU]] stands for [[Shanghai TV University]] - see also [[STVU]]
# [[SHU]] stands for [[Sheffield Hallam University]] ([[UK]])
# [[SLN]] stands for [[SUNY Learning Network]] ([[US]])
# [[SPC]] stands for [[St. Petersburg College]] ([[US]])
# [[SREB]] stands for [[Southern Regional Electronic Board]] ([[Electronic Campus]])
# [[SRTVU]] stands for [[Sichuan Radio & TV University]] ([[China]]) - see also [[SCRTVU]]
# [[STOU]] stands for [[Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University]] ([[Thailand]])
# [[STVU]] stands for [[Shanghai TV University]] - see also [[SHTVU]]
# [[SUA]] stands for [[Sokoine University of Agriculture]] ([[Tanzania]])
# [[SUNY]] stands for [[State University of New York]]
# [[SURF]] stands for the Dutch educational network ([[Netherlands]])
# [[SURFnet]] stands for SURF network ([[Netherlands]])
# [[SVC]] stands for [[Swiss Virtual Campus]]
# [[SVU]] stands for [[Syrian Virtual University]]
# [[SXRTVU]] stands for [[Shaanxi Radio and Television University]] ([[China]])
# [[SYTVU]] stands for [[Shenyang Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[TDU]] stand for [[Thematic Digital Universities]] ([[France]])
# [[TechBC]] stand for the former [[Technical University of British Columbia]] ([[Canada]])
# [[TÉLUQ ]] (and various variants) stands for the [[Télé-université]] du Québec, now part of the [[Université du Québec à Montréal]] ([[UQAM]])
# [[TGOU]] stands for the [[The Global Open University of Zambia]]
# [[TJRTVU]] stands for [[Tianjin Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[TKK]] stands for [[Helsinki University of Technology]] ('''''T'''eknillinen '''k'''orkea'''k'''oulu'')
# [[TLTP]] stands for Teaching and Learning Technology Programme ([[UK]])
# [[TNOU]] stands for [[Tamil Nadu Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[TQEF]] stands for [[Teaching Quality Enhancement Fund]] ([[UK]])
# [[TRU]] stands for [[Thompson Rivers University]] ([[Canada]])
# [[TUT]] stands for [[Tallinn University of Technology]] ([[Estonia]]) or:
# TUT stands for [[Tshwane University of Technology]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[TVU]] stands for [[Tamil Virtual University]] ([[India]])
# [[U21]] stands for [[Universitas 21]]
# UAB (BR) stands for [[Universidade Aberta do Brasil]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[UAb]] (PT) stands for [[Universidade Aberta]], the [[Portuguese Open University]] ([[Portugal]])
# [[UAE]] stands for [[United Arab Emirates]] (the country)
# [[UArctic]] stands for [[University of the Arctic]]
# [[UB]] stands for [[University of Baltimore]] ([[US]])
# [[UC3M]] stands for [[University Carlos III of Madrid]]
# [[UCAS]] stands for Universities and Colleges Admissions System ([[UK]])
# [[UCC]] stands for [[University College Copenhagen]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCF]] stands for [[University of Central Florida]] ([[US]])
# [[UCISA]] stands for the Universities and Colleges Information Systems Association ([[UK]])
# [[UCJ]] stands for [[Jutland University College]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCL]] stand for [[University College London]] ([[UK]])
# [[UCM]] stands for [[Complutensian University of Madrid]]
# [[UCN]] stands for [[University College of Northern Denmark]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCOE]] stands for [[Ulyanovsk Consortium of Open Education]]
# [[UCOL]] stands for [[Universal College of Learning]] ([[New Zealand]])
# [[UCSC]] stands for [[University of Colombo School of Computing]] ([[Sri Lanka]])
# [[UCSJ]] stands for [[University College Sealand]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCSouth]] stands for [[University College South]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCT]] stands for [[University of Cape Town]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[UDIMA]] stands for [[Universidad a distancia de Madrid]], or Open University of Madrid ([[Spain]])
# [[UEF]] stands for the [[University of Eastern Finland]] ([[Finland]])
# [[Ufi]] (or sometimes [[UFI]]) stands for [[University for Industry]], who deliver [[learndirect]] ([[UK]])
# [[UFS]] stands for [[University of the Free State]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[UGent]] stands for [[Universiteit Gent]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[UH]] stands for [[University of Hawaii]] System ([[US]])
# [[UHI]] stands for [[University of the Highlands and Islands]] ([[Scotland]]) ([[UK]])
# [[UIS]] stands for [[University of Illinois Springfield]]
# [[UiTM]] stands for [[Universiti Teknologi MARA]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[UK]] stands for [[United Kingdom]] - see also the University of Kentucky ([[US]])
# [[UKeU]] is the [[UK e-University]], more properly called [[UK eUniversities Worldwide Limited]] ([[UK]])
# [[UKEU]] stands for [[UK eUniversities Worldwide Limited]], or the [[UK eUniversity]] ([[UK]])
# [[UKOLN]] stands for UK Office for Library and Information Networking ([[UK]])
# [[UKOU]] stands for UK [[Open University]] ([[UK]])
# [[ULB]] stands for [[Université Libre de Bruxelles]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[ULC]] stands for [[University College Lillebaelt]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[ULg]] stands for [[University of Liege]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[ULPGC]] stands for [[University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria]] ([[Canary Islands]]; [[Spain]])
#[[ULSTU]] stands for [[Ulyanovsk State Technical University]]
# [[UMCS]] stands for [[Maria Curie-Sklodowska University]]
# [[UMH]] stands for the [[Université de Mons-Hainaut]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[UMU]] stand for [[Umeå University]]
# [[UMUC]] stands for [[University of Maryland University College]] ([[US]])
# [[UNAD]] stands for [[Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia]] ([[Colombia]])
# [[UNAM]] stands for [[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]] ([[Mexico]])
# [[UnB]] stands for [[University of Brazil]] (Universidade de Brasilia) ([[Brazil]])
# [[UNE]] (AU) stands for [[University of New England]] ([[Australia]]) - or:
# UNE (US) stands for [[University of New England (US)]]
# [[UNED]] stands for [[Universidad Estatal a Distancia]] ([[Costa Rica]])
# [[UNED]] stands for [[Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UNESCO]] stands for the [[United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization]]
# [[UNIA]] stands for the [[International University of Andalusia]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UNIACC]] stands for [[Universidad de las Artes, Ciencias, y Comunicaciones]] ([[Chile]])
# [[Uniandes]] stands for [[University of the Andes]] ([[Colombia]])
# [[UNIEDPA]] stands for [[Universidad Estatal a Distancia]] ([[Panama]])
# [[UNINETT]] is the National Education and Research Network for [[Norway]]
# [[UNIOVI]] stands for [[University of Oviedo]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UNI-QM]] stands for [[European University Quality Management Tools for Lifelong Learning]]
# [[UniSA]] stands for [[University of South Australia]] ([[Australia]])
# [[UNISA]] stands for the [[UNISA Online Campus]] at the [[University of South Africa]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[UNISIM]] or [[UniSIM]] stands for [[SIM University]] ([[Singapore]])
# [[UNITAR]] stands for [[Universiti Tun Abdul Razak]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[UNIURB]] stands for [[University of Urbino "Carlo Bo"]] ([[Italy]])
# [[UNR]] stands for [[Universités numériques en région]] ([[France]])
# [[UNT]] stands for [[Universités Numériques Thématiques]] ([[France]])
# [[UOB]] stands for [[University of Bahrain]] ([[Bahrain]])
# [[UOC]] stands for [[Universitat Oberta de Catalunya]], the ''Open University of Catalonia'' ([[Spain]]
# [[UoL]] stands for [[University of London]]
# [[UoP]] stands for [[University of the People]] ([[US]])
# [[UOPX]] stands for [[University of Phoenix]] ([[US]])
# [[UOU]] stands for [[Uttarakhand Open University]] ([[India]] )
# [[UPC]] stands for [[Polytechnic University of Catalonia]]
# [[UPF]] stands for [[Pompeu Fabra University]]
# [[UPM]] stands for [[Universidad Politécnica de Madrid]], the [[Technical University of Madrid]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UPOU]] stands for [[University of the Philippines Open University]] ([[Philippines]])
# [[UPRTOU]] stands for [[U.P. Rajarshi Tandon Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[UPX]] stands for [[University of Phoenix]] ([[US]])
# [[URJC]] stands for [[Rey Juan Carlos University]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UQAM]] stands for the [[Université du Québec à Montréal]] ([[Canada]])
# [[USDLA]] stands for the [[United States Distance Learning Association]] ([[United States]])
# [[USM]] stands for [[Universiti Sains Malaysia]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[USOU]] stands for [[United States Open University]] ([[United States]])
# [[USP]] (BR) stands for the [[University of Sao Paulo]] ([[Brazil]]) or:
# [[USP]] (FJ) stands for the [[University of the South Pacific]] ([[Fiji]]) (online learning)
# [[USQ]] (AU) stands for [[University of Southern Queensland]] ([[Australia]])
# [[USV]] stands for [[Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava]] ([[Romania]])
# [[UAPA]] stands for [[Open University for Adults]] ([[Dominican Republic]])
# [[UT]] (NL) stands for [[University of Twente]] ([[Netherlands]]) - (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# [[UT]] (IN) stands for [[Universitas Terbuka]] ([[Indonesia]]) - (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# [[UT]] (EE) stands for [[University of Tartu]] ([[Estonia]]) - (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation)
# [[UT]] (en) stands for [[University of Texas]] ([[United States]])
# [[UTPL]] stands for [[Universidad Tecnica Particular de Loja]] ([[Ecuador]])
# [[UU]] stands for [[Uppsala University]]
# [[UUK]] stands for [[Universities UK]] ([[United Kingdom]])
# [[UvA]] stands for [[University of Amsterdam]]
# [[UVF]] stands for [[Université Virtuelle Francophone]] ([[Canada]])
# [[UVPL]] stands for [[Université Virtuelle en Pays de la Loire]] ([[France]])
# [[UVQ]] stands for [[Universidad Virtual de Quilmes]] ([[Argentina]])
# [[UVT]] stands for [[Université Virtuelle de Tunis]] ([[Tunisia]])
# [[UWI]] stands for [[University of the West Indies]]
# [[UWIDEC]] stands for [[University of the West Indies]] - Distance Education Centre
# [[UWO]] stands for [[University of Western Ontario]] ([[Canada]])
# [[UWS]] stands for [[University of the West of Scotland]] ([[UK]])
# [[VCSE]] stands for [[Virtual Campus for A Sustainable Europe]]
# [[VEBS]] stands for [[Virtual European Banking School]]
# [[VENUS]] stands for [[Virtual and E-mobility for Networking Universities in Society]]
# [[VFH]] stands for [[Hochschulverbund Virtuelle Fachhochschule]] ([[Germany]]))
# [[VGU]] stands for the [[Virtual Global University]]
# [[VHB]] stands for [[Bavarian Virtual University]] ([[Germany]])
# [[ViCaDiS]] stands for [[Virtual Campus for Digital Students]]
# [[VICTORIOUS]] stands for [[VIrtual Curricula ThrOugh Reliable InterOperating University Systems]]
# [[VIPA]] stands for [[VIrtual campus for virtual space design Provided for european Architects]]
# [[VirtUE]] stands for [[Virtual University for Europe]]
# [[VM-BASE]] stands for [[Virtual Mobility Before and After Student Exchanges]]
# [[VMOU]] stands for [[Vardhaman Mahaveer Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[VŠERS]] stands for [[College of European and Regional Studies]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[VSZDRAV]] stands for [[College of Nursing and Midwifery]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[VU]] stands for [[Pakistan Virtual University]] or Virtual University of Pakistan
# [[VUB]] stands for [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[VUSAT]] stands for [[Virtual University for the Semi-Arid Tropics]] ([[India]])
# [[VUSME]] stands for [[Virtual University for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises]]
# [[VUSSC]] stands for [[Virtual University for Small States of the Commonwealth]]
# [[VUT]] stands for [[Brno University of Technology]]
# [[W&K]] stands for [[Hogeschool voor Wetenschap & Kunst]] / [[University College for Sciences and Arts]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[WADEA]] stands for the [[West African Distance Education Association]]
# [[WCEL]] stands for [[Waikato Centre for eLearning]] ([[New Zealand]])
# [[WCET]] stands for Western Cooperative for Educational Telecommunications
# [[Webcampus]] of the [[Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix]] (FUNDP) ([[Belgium]])
# [[WGU]] stands for [[Western Governors University]] ([[US]])
# [[WHOLE]] stands for [[Web-based health Organisations Learning Environment]]
# [[WOU]] stands for [[Wawasan Open University]]
# [[WSEH]] stands for [[Academy of Humanities and Economics]]
# [[WTO]] stands for World Trade Organisation
# [[XML]] stands for Extensible Markup Language
# [[YCMOU]] stands for [[Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[YÖK]] stands for ''Yükseköğretim Kurulu'', the Turkish for [[Council of Higher Education (Turkey)]]
# [[YRTVU]] stands for [[Yunnan Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[ZFH]] stands for [[Zentralstelle für Fernstudien an Fachhochschulen]] ([[Germany]])
# [[ZFUW]] stands for [[Zentrum für Fernstudien und Universitäre Weiterbildung]] ([[Germany]])
# [[ZAOU]] stands for [[Zambian Open University]]
# [[ZOU]] stands for [[Zimbabwe Open University]]

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> [[Programmes]]
 
>> [[Main Page]]

[[Category:Abbreviations| ]]

Ohio University

2009-09-18T09:17:52Z

Gertjan: template added

{{stub}}
The ''Ohio University'' (OHIO) supports...


The institution’s main office is in Town, [[United States]]. Other campuses...



The Ohio University web site is at http://www.ohio.edu







----
> [[United States]]

> [[Programmes]]

[[Category: United States]]
[[Category:Universities]]
[[Category:Colleges]]
[[Category: University colleges]]

Abbreviations

2009-09-18T09:13:58Z

Gertjan: /* Abbreviations */ SUNY added

This is (to be) a full list of abbreviations for organisations and other activities of relevance to Re.ViCa.

A number of technical abbreviations are added - these do not link to Re.ViCa wiki pages. They are included as they are codes to avoid when creating or selecting codes for institutions and other entities.

Two-character codes are discouraged except when they are [[country codes]] but some are so common that we have been forced to adopt them.

Single-character codes are forbidden as they are used for various technical purposes.

'''Editors! Always check abbreviations first with Google and [http://www.acronymfinder.com/ Acronym finder]!'''

== Abbreviations ==
(other than 2-character country codes and 1-character codes for technical use)

The following list has been extracted from the list developed for [[The e-University Compendium]] and then further developed.

It is aimed to contain the standard abbreviations for all entities, institutions, programmes (especially [[MELI]]s etc) and projects of interest in the countries of most interest - plus for open/distance teaching universities across the world.

# [[AABSC]] stands for the [[Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business]]
# [[AAOU]] stands for the [[Asian Association of Open Universities]]
# [[AAU]] stands for [[Aalborg University]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[ABED]] stands for the [[Brazilian Association of Distance Education]]
# [[ACODE]] stands for [[Australasian Council on Open, Distance and E-Learning]]
# [[ACU]] stands for [[Association of Commonwealth Universities]] - see also [[Australian Catholic University]] and [[Abilene Christian University]] ([[US]])
# [[AIESAD]] stands for Asociación Iberoamericana de Educación Superior a Distancia, the [[Ibero-American Association of Distance Education Universities]]
# [[AIOU]] stands for the [[Allama Iqbal Open University]] ([[Pakistan]]) - see also
# AIOU stands for the [[Asia International Open University]] ([[Macao]])
# [[AIU]] stands for [[American InterContinental University]]
# [[AJU]] stands for [[Andrew Jackson University‎]] ([[US]])
# [[ALFA]] stands for [[América Latina - Formación Académica]], a programme of cooperation between higher education institutions of the European Union and Latin America
# [[ALT]] stands for [[Association for Learning Technology]], focussed on the [[UK]]
# [[AMBA]] stands for The Association of MBAs
# [[AmSU]] stands for [[Amur State University]] ([[Russia]])
# [[AMU]] stands for [[Academy of Performing Arts in Prague]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[ANCED]] stands for the [[Asociación Nacional de Centros de e-Learning y Distancia]] ([[Spain]])
# [[AOU]] stands for the [[Arab Open University]]
# [[APQN]] stands for [[Asia-Pacific Quality Network]]
# [[AQF]] stands for [[Australian Qualifications Framework]]
# [[ARIADNE]] stands for [[Alliance of Remote Instructional Authoring and Distribution Networks for Europe]]
# [[ARIEL]] stands for [[Analysing and Reporting the Implementation of Electronic Learning in Europe]]
# [[ASEAN]] stands for [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations]]
# [[ATN]] stands for [[Australian Technology Network]] (of universities)
# [[AU]] stands for [[Australia]] (the country) or:
# AU (DK) stands for [[Aarhus University]] ([[Denmark]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# AU (CA) stands for [[Athabasca University]] ([[Canada]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# AU stands for Ashford University ([[US]])
# [[AUCC]] stands for the [[Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada]]
# [[AUGent]] stands for [[Ghent University Association]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[AUHA]] stands for [[Associatie Universiteit & Hogescholen Antwerpen]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[AUHL]] stands for [[Associatie Universiteit-Hogescholen Limburg]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[AULP]] stands for [[Associação das Universidades de Língua Portuguesa]] ([[Association of Universities in the Language of Portuguese]])
# [[AUO]] stands for [[Ashford University Online]]
# [[AUQA]] stands for the [[Australian Universities Quality Agency]]
# [[AUT]] stands for [[Auckland University of Technology]] - no longer for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_University_Teachers Association of University Teachers] which does not exist now
# [[AUTH]] stands for [[Aristotle University of Thessaloniki]] ([[Greece]])
# [[AVU]] stands for [[African Virtual University]]
# [[AZUN]] stands for [[Arizona Universities Network]], [[US]]
# [[BAOU]] stands for [[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University]] ([[Turkey]])
# [[BAU]] stand for [[Al-Balqa' Applied University]] ([[Jordan]])
# [[BAWEST]] stands for [[Business Academy West]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[BBE]] stands for [[Business of Borderless Education]] (report)
# [[BCOU]] stands for [[British Columbia Open University]] (now absorbed into [[Thompson Rivers University]])
# [[Becta]] or formerly [[BECTa]] stands for [[British Educational Communications and Technology Agency]] ([[UK]]) but the long form is rarely used now
# [[BELNET]] stands for the [[Belgian Research and Education Network]]
# [[BFSU]] stands for [[Beijing Foreign Studies University]] ([[China]])
# [[BI]] stands for [[BI Norwegian School of Management]] - see also [[Burundi]], [[Africa]]
# [[BME]] stands for [[Budapest University of Technology and Economics]] ([[Hungary]])
# [[BMUKK]] stands for ''Bundesministerium für Unterricht, Kunst und Kultur''/ [[Federal_Ministry_for_Education%2C_Arts_and_Culture]] ([[Austria]])
# [[BMWF]] stands for ''Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung'' / [[Federal Ministry of Science and Research]] ([[Austria]])
# [[BNU]] stands for [[Beijing Normal University]] ([[China]])
# [[BOU]] stands for the [[Bangladesh Open University]]
# [[BRAOU]] stands for the [[Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[BSEC]] stands for [[Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation]]
# [[BTVU]] stands for [[Beijing Radio & TV University‎]] ([[China]])
# [[BVU]] stands for [[Bulgarian Virtual University]] or [[Best Virtual Universities Organisation]]
# [[CANARIE]] stands for [[Canadian Network for the Advancement of Research, Industry and Education]], the [[NREN]] in [[Canada]]
# [[CARADOL]] stands for the [[Caribbean Association for Distance and Open Learning]]
# [[CARET]] stands for the [[Centre for Applied Research in Educational Technologies at the University of Cambridge]]
# [[CBS]] stands for [[Copenhagen Business School]]
# [[CCC]] stands for [[Coastline Community College]] ([[US]])
# [[CCCOnline]] stands for [[Colorado Community Colleges Online]] ([[US]])
# [[CCDL]] stands for [[Cross Cultural Distance Learning]], an international consortium
# [[CCi]] stands for [[Corinthian Colleges]], Inc. ([[US]])
# [[CCRTVU]] stands for the [[China Central Radio & TV University]]
# [[CCSNH]] stands for [[Community College System of New Hampshire]] ([[US]])
# [[Cederj]] stands for [[Center for Distance Learning of the State of Rio de Janeiro]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[CELI]] stands for [[Ceased E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[CERNET]] stands for the [[China Education and Research Network]]
# [[CETIS]] stands for [[Centre for Educational Technology Interoperability Standards]] but the long form is rarely used now ([[UK]])
# [[CEVU]] stands for [[Collaborative European Virtual University]]
# [[CHEA]] stands for [[Council for Higher Education Accreditation]] (US) - agency
# [[CHEI]] stands for [[Council for Higher Education]] ([[Israel]])
# [[CHEMS]] stands for [[Commonwealth Higher Education Management Service]] - now ceased
# [[CICEI]] stands for Centro de Innovación para la Sociedad de la Información (Innovation Center for the Information Society) ([[Canary Islands]]; [[Spain]])
# [[CIFFAD]] stands for [[Consortium International Francophone de Formation a Distance]]
# [[CMEC]] stands for the [[Council of Ministers of Education, Canada]]
# [[CMU]] stands for [[Carnegie Mellon University]] ([[US]])
# [[CNAM]] stands for [[Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers]] ([[France]])
# [[CNAVES]] was the Portuguese agency for quality in higher education. It closed in 2007 and is now replaced by another body.
# [[CNED]] stands for [[Centre National d'Enseignement à Distance]]. In French the abbreviation is [[Cned]] ([[France]])
# [[CNFD]] stands for [[Campus Numérique Francophone de Dakar]] ([[Senegal]])
# [[COL]] stands for [[Commonwealth of Learning]] ([[Canada]])
# [[COME]] stands for [[Warsaw University Centre for Open and Multimedia Education]] ([[Poland]])
# [[CPLP]] stands for [[Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa]] ([[Community of Portuguese Language Countries]])
# [[CRTVU]] stands for [[China Central Radio & TV University]]
# [[CRUP]] stands for [[Conselho de Reitores das Universidades Portuguesas]] ([[Portugal]])
# [[CSF]] stands for [[Critical success factor]]
# [[CSU]] stands for [[Charles Sturt University]] ([[Australia]])
# [[CTDLC]] stands for [[Connecticut Distance Learning Consortium]] ([[US]])
# [[CTU]] stands for [[Czech Technical University in Prague]] ([[Czech Republic]]) - see also [[Colorado Technical University]] ([[US]])
# [[CU Online]] stands for [[Colorado University Online]] ([[US]])
# [[CU]] stands for [[Charles University]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# CU stands for [[Cyber University]] ([[Japan]])
# [[CUTV]] stands for [[Carleton University]] Television ([[Canada]])
# [[CVA-RICESU]] stands for [[Comunidade Virtual de Aprendizagem Rede de Instituições Católicas de Ensino Superior]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[CVC]] stands for [[California Virtual Campus]] ([[US]])
# [[CVG]] stands for [[Campus Virtuel en Gestion]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[CVU]] stands for [[Canadian Virtual University]]. It was also used in the past for [[Clyde Virtual University]].
# [[DBIS]] stands for the [[Department for Business, Innovation & Skills]] of the [[UK]], which oversees universities and colleges
# [[DCSF]] is the ''Department for Children, Schools and Families'' of the [[UK]]
# [[DCU]] stands for [[Dublin City University]] ([[Ireland]]) - the host of [[OSCAIL]]
# [[DDU]] stands for the [[Dutch Digital University]] (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation [[DU]] commonly used in [[Netherlands]])
# [[DEASA]] stands for the [[Distance Education Association of Southern Africa]]
# [[DEEWR]] is the ''Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations'' in [[Australia]]
# [[DELNI]] is the ''Department for Employment and Learning, [[Northern Ireland]]''
# [[DELOS]] stands for [[Developing a European e-learning Observation System]]
# [[DEST]] is a department now merged into [[DEEWR]]
# [[DETYA]] stood for ''Department of Education, Training and Youth Affairs'' ([[Australia]]), later called [[DEST]]
# [[DfEE]] stands for the former ''Department for Education and Employment'' of the [[UK]], a very old name for [[DfES]]
# [[DfES]] stands for the former ''Department for Education and Skills'' of the [[UK]], now split into [[DCSF]] and [[DIUS]]
# [[DFID]] stands for ''Department for International Development'' of the [[UK]]
# [[DCU]] stands for [[Daegu Cyber University]] ([[South Korea]])
# [[DGAU]] stands for [[Dennis Gabor Applied University]] ([[Hungary]])
# [[DISC]] stands for [[Distance and International Study Center]] ([[Germany]]) - a.k.a. [[ZFUW]]
# [[DIUS]] is the ''Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills'' of the [[UK]]
# [[DTU]] stands for [[Technical University of Denmark]]
# [[DVD]] stands for Digital Versatile Disk (no longer Digital Video Disk)
# [[DVU]] stands for [[Danish Virtual University]]
# [[E.A.S.Y.]] stands for [[Agency for Easy Access to Virtual Campus]]
# [[EADL]] stands for [[European Association for Distance Learning]]
# [[EADTU]] stands for the [[European Association of Distance Teaching Universities]]
# [[EBS]] stands for [[Estonian Business School Open University]]
# [[ECDVU]] stands for [[Early Childhood Development Virtual University]]
# [[eChina]] stands for the [[Sino-UK eLearning Programme]]
# [[ECTS]] stands for ''European Credit Transfer System'', sometimes called the ''European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System''
# [[EDEN]] stands for [[European Distance and E-Learning Network]]
# [[EDHEC]] stands for [[École De Hautes Études Commerciales du Nord]] ([[France]])
# [[EdiNet]] stands for [[E-learning in Distributed Data Network Laboratory]]
# [[eduGI]] stands for [[Reuse and Sharing of e-Learning Courses in GI Science Education]]
# [[EEA]] stands for the [[:Category:European Economic Area|European Economic Area]]
# [[EELU]] stands for [[Egyptian E-Learning University]]
# [[EeU]] stands for [[Estonian e-University]]
# [[EEZ]] stands for the [[European Economic Zone]] of [[EU]], [[EEA]] and [[Switzerland]]
# [[EFQM]] stands for European Foundation for Quality Management
# [[EhB]] stands for [[Erasmus University College Brussels]]
# [[ELDDA]] stands for e-Learning Digital Dashboard
# [[eLene-TT]] stands for [[e-Learning Network for Teacher Training]]
# [[e-LERU]] stands for [[League of European Research Universities virtual campus]]
# [[ELUE]] stands for [[Improving quality of e-learning in universities]]
# [[ELWA]] stood for ''Education and Learning [[Wales]]'' but is no longer used - see [[HEFCW]]
# [[EML]] stands for Educational Markup Language
# [[eMM]] and [[EMM]] stand for the e-Learning Maturity Model for benchmarking e-learning
# [[E-move]] stands for [[An Operational Conception of Virtual Mobility]]
# [[EMTC]] stands for [[E. mokymosi technologijų centras]], in English [[e-Learning Technology Centre at Kaunas University of Technology]]
# [[ENQA]] stands for the [[European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education]]
# [[EPICS]] stands for [[European Portal for International Courses and Services for Virtual Erasmus]]
# [[EQO]] stands for [[European Quality Observatory]]
# [[EQUEL]] stands for [[E-quality in e-learning research Laboratoire]]
# [[EQUIS]] stands for European Quality Improvement System
# [[eRNIST]] stands for [[European Research Network for ICT in Schools of Tomorrow]]
# [[ESC]] stands for [[Empire State College]] ([[US]])
# [[ESEN]] stands for [[European Small and medium entreprise E-learning Network]]
# [[ESP-T]] stands for [[English for Specific Purposes: Therapeutic Professions]]
# [[ESRC]] stands for [http://www.esrc.ac.uk Economic and Social Research Council] ([[UK]])
# [[ETT.Campus]] stands for [[European Teachers and Trainers campus]]
# [[e-Ttnet]] stands for [[Training of trainers network for e-learning]]
# [[EU]] stands for [[European Union]]
# [[e-U]] stands for the [[UK e-University]] (the one that became [[UKeU]])
# [[EUA]] stands for [[European University Association]]
# [[EUNITE]] stands for [[European Universities Network for IT in Education]]
# [[e-URBs]] stands for [[European Master in Comparative Urban Studies]]
# [[EUROMOVE]] stands for [[European Mobility through Virtual Education]]
# [[EuroPACE]] stands for [[European Professional Association for Collaboration in E-Learning]]
# [[EVENE]] stands for [[Erasmus Virtual Economics & Management Studies Exchange]]
# [[EVICAB]] stands for [[European Virtual Campus for Biomedical Engineering]]
# [[EWNI]] stands for [[England, Wales and Northern Ireland]] - the home nations of the [[UK]] other than [[Scotland]]
# [[FADE]] stands for the [[Finnish Association for Distance Education]]
# [[FATECE]] stands for [[Faculdade de Tecnologia, Ciências e Educação]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[FC]] stands for [[Fisheries College, Bac Ninh]] ([[Vietnam]])
# [[FCCJ]] stands for [[Florida Community College]] Jacksonville
# [[FE]] stands for [[Further Education]] (post-school, non-degree courses)
# [[Fe-ConE]] stands for [[Framework for e-learning Contents Evaluation]]
# [[FELI]] stands for [[Failed E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[FernFH]] stands for [[Ferdinand Porsche FernFH]] ([[Austria]])
# [[FernFH]] stands for [[Ferdinand Porsche FernFH]] ([[Germany]])
# [[FernUni Hagen]] stands for [[FernUniversität in Hagen]] ([[Germany]])
# [[FGV]] stands for Fundação Getúlio Vargas - see [[FGV Online]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[FILTER]] stands for [[Economic filtering of knowledge]]
# [[FSM]] stands for the [[Federated States of Micronesia]] (a country)
# [[FUNDP]] stands for [[Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[FUNIBER]] stands for [[Fundación Universitaria Iberoamericana]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[FUSL]] stands for [[Facultés universitaires Saint-Louis]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[FVU]] stands for [[Finnish Virtual University]]
# [[G-20]] stands for the [[:Category:G-20 countries|Group of Twenty countries]]
# [[G8]] stands for the [[:Category:G8 countries|Group of Eight countries]]
# [[GELI]] stands for [[Giant E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[GROE]] stands for the project [[Global Resources for Online Education]]
# [[Group T]] stands for [[Group T-International University College Leuven]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[GTCS]] stands for [[Georgia Technical College System]] ([[US]])
# [[GU8]] stands for [[Global U8 Consortium]]
# [[GUA]] stands for [[Global University Alliance]], but this phrase has multiple meanings
# [[GVTC]] stands for [[Georgia Virtual Technical College]] ([[US]])
# [[GVU]] stands for [[Global Virtual University]]
# [[HCMCOU]] stands for [[Ho Chi Minh City Open University]] ([[Vietnam]])
# [[HE]] stands for Higher Education (universities and similar institutions)
# [[HECS]] stands for the Higher Education Contribution Scheme, now replaced by the [http://www.ato.gov.au/individuals/pathway.asp?pc=001/002/008/007&mnu=998&mfp=001/002&cy=1 Higher Education Loan Programme] (HELP)
# [[HEFCE]] stands for ''Higher Education Funding Council for England'' ([[UK]])
# [[HEFCW]] stands for ''Higher Education Funding Council for Wales'' ([[UK]])
# [[HEI]] stands for ''Higher Education Institution''
# [[HELIOS]] stands for [[Horizontal E-Learning Integrated Observation System]]
# [[HERO]] stands for Higher Education and Research Opportunities ([[UK]])
# [[HES]] stands for [[Harvard University Extension School]] ([[US]])
# [[HESA]] stands for [[Higher Education South Africa]], an association of Rectors
# [[HETAC]] stands for the [[Higher Education and Training Awards Council]] ([[Ireland]])
# [[HFH]] stands for [[Hamburger Fern-Hochschule]] ([[Austria]])
# [[HFH]] stands for [[Hamburger Fern-Hochschule]] ([[Germany]])
# [[HiG]] stands for [[University of Gävle]] - Högskolan i Gävle ([[Sweden]])
# [[HKU]] stands for [[University of Hong Kong]]
# [[HKVU]] stands for [[Hong Kong Virtual University]]
# [[HKCyberU]] stands for the [[Hong Kong Cyber University]] at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University
# [[HNRTVU]] or [[Henan RTV]] stands for [[Henan Radio & TV University‎]] ([[China]])
# [[HOU]] (GR) stands for the [[Hellenic Open University]] ([[Greece]]) or:
# HOU (VT) [[Hanoi Open University]] ([[Vietnam]])
# [[Howest]] stands for [[University College West Flanders]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[HSUM]] stands for [[Health Sciences University of Mongolia]]
# [[HUBrussel]] stands for [[Hogeschool-Universiteit_Brussel]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[HUT]] used to be used for [[Helsinki University of Technology]] ([[Finland]]) but [[TKK]] (Teknillinen KorkeaKoulu) is preferred
# [[HW]] stands for [[Heriot-Watt University]]
# [[HYCU]] stands for [[Hanyang Cyber University]] ([[South Korea]])
# [[IAU]] stands for [[International Association of Universities]]
# [[IBA]] stands for [[International Business Academy]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[IBC]] stands for [[International Business College]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[ICDE]] stands for the [[International Council for Open and Distance Education]]
# [[ICDL]] stands for the former International Centre for Distance Learning (at [[UKOU]]) - the database is still available to subscribers
# [[ICETEL]] stands for [[Improving Continuing Education and Training through e-learning]]
# [[IDCE]] stands for the [[[Institute of Distance and Continuing Education]http://www.uog.edu.gy/schools/idce]]
# [[IEC]] stands for the [[Idaho Electronic Campus]]
# [[IGNOU]] stands for [[Indira Gandhi National Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[IHA]] stands for [[Engineering College of Aarhus]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[IHK]] stands for [[Copenhagen University College of Engineering]] ([[Denmark]])
# IIT stands for [[Indian Institute of Technology]] ([[India]]); or
# IIT stands for [[Institute of Information Technology]] ([[Vietnam]]) - see also [[IOIT]]
# [[ILCCO]] stands for [[Illinois Community Colleges Online]] ([[US]])
# [[IMRTVU]] stands for [[Inner Mongolia Radio & TV University]]
# [[IMS]] used to stand for Instructional Management System (the initials IMS are no longer an acronym)
# [[INQAAHE]] stands for [[International Network for Quality Assurance Agencies in Higher Education]]
# [[IOCCOC]] stands for [[Iowa Community College Online Consortium]] ([[US]])
# [[IOIT]] stands for [[Institute of Information Technology]] ([[Vietnam]]) - see also [[IIT]]
# [[IOU]] stands for [[Intercultural Open University]] (based in the [[Netherlands]])
# [[ISI]] stands for [[Independent Study in Idaho]] ([[US]])
# [[ITESM]] stands for ''Instituto Tecnologico Superior de Monterrey'' - see [[Tecnológico de Monterrey]] ([[Mexico]])
# [[ITIU]] stansd for [[Università telematica internazionale UNINETTUNO]]
# [[ITU]] stands for [[IT-University of Copenhagen]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[It-vest]] stands for [[IT University West]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[IU]] stands for [[Indiana University]] Online
# [[IUA]] stands for the [[Irish Universities Association]] ([[Ireland]]) (Republic)
# [[IVC]] stands for the [[Illinois Virtual Campus]] ([[US]])
# [[JANET]] stands for Joint Academic NETwork (alleged originally to be a name significant to one of the original developers) ([[UK]])
# [[JIU]] stands for [[Jones International University]]
# [[JKU]] stands for [[Johannes Kepler Universität Linz]] ([[Austria]])
# [[JPPSG]] stands for [[Joint Procurement Policy and Strategy Group]] ([[UK]] Higher Education)
# [[JSTVU]] stands for [[Jiangsu Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[KaHo Sint-Lieven]] stands for [[Katholieke Hogeschool Sint-Lieven]]/[[Catholic University College Ghent]]([[Belgium]])
# [[KHiS]] stands for [[Kommuner och Hogskolor i Samverkan]] ([[Sweden]])
# [[KHK]] stands for [[KH Kempen University College]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[KHLim]] stands for [[Limburg Catholic University College| Katholieke Hogeschool Limburg]] or [[Limburg Catholic University College]] in English ([[Belgium]])
# [[KIIB&M]] stands for [[Kuban Institute of International Business and Management]] ([[Russia]])
# [[KIU]] stands for [[Knowledge International University]] ([[Saudi Arabia]])
# [[KKHSOU]] stands for [[K. K. Handique State University]] or K. K. Handique State Open University ([[India]])
# [[KNOU]] stands for [[Korea National Open University]]
# [[KSF]] stands for [[Key success factor]]
# [[KSOU]] stands for [[Karnataka State Open University]]
# [[KTH]] stands for [[KTH Royal Institute of Technology]] ([[Sweden]])
# [[KU]] (DK) stands for [[University of Copenhagen]] ([[Denmark]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# KU (KE) stands for [[Kenyatta University]] ([[Kenya]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# KU (US) stands for [[Kaplan College]] or Kaplan University ([[US]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation)
# [[KYVC]] and [[KYVU]] stand for [[Kentucky Virtual University]] ([[US]])
# [[LATWF]] stands for the [[Learning and Technology World Forum]], a series of conferences held each January in London, [[UK]]
# [[LCUC]] stands for [[Limburg Catholic University College]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[LERU]] stands for [[League of European Research Universities]]
# [[LieDM]] or [[LIEDM]] stands for [[Lithuanian National Distance Education Network]]
# [[LIFE]] stands for [[Learning Interoperability Framework for Europe]]
# [[LiU]] stands for [[Linköping University]]
# [[LIVIUS]] stands for [[Learning in a Virtual Integrated University]]
# [[LSDA]] stands for the former Learning and Skills Development Agency ([[UK]]) - now split into [[LSN]] and [[QIA]]
# [[LTSC]] stands for Learning Technology Standards Committee (of IEEE)
# [[LU]] stands for [[Luxembourg]] (the country) or:
# LU (CA) stands for [[Lakehead University]] ([[Canada]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# LU (CA) stands for [[Laurentian University]] ([[Canada]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation)
# [[LVU]] stands for [[Lithuanian Virtual University]]
# [[MASSIVE]] stands for [[Modelling Advice and Support Services to Integrate Virtual Component in Higher Education]]
# [[MASTER]] stand for [[Mobility, Assessment, Selection, Technology and E-Learning Research]]
# [[MCO]] stands for [[Massachusetts Colleges Online]] ([[US]])
# [[MEDIU]] stands for [[Al-Madinah International University]] ([[Philippines]])
# [[MELI]] stands for [[Major E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[MENU]] stands for [[Model for a European Networked University for e-Learning]]
# [[MESI]] stands for [[Moscow State University of Economics, Statistics and Informatics]] ([[Russia]])
# [[MEXT]] stands for the [[Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology]] ([[Japan]])
# [[MIT]] stands for the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] ([[US]])
# [[MOO]] stands for Multi-User Dungeons, Object Oriented
# [[MPBOU]] stands for [[Madhya Pradesh Bhoj Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[MSU]] stands for [[Michigan State University]] ([[US]])
# [[MU]] stands for [[Masaryk University]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[MUS]] stands for [[Montana University System‎]] ([[US]])
# [[MUW]] stands for [[Medizinische Universität Wien]] ([[Austria]])
# [[MVHS]] stands for Michigan Virtual High School ([[US]]) - see [[Michigan Virtual University]]
# [[MVS]] stands for Michigan Virtual School ([[US]]) - see [[Michigan Virtual University]]
# [[MVU]] (US) stands for [[Michigan Virtual University]] ([[US]]) - or:
# MVU stands for [[Mediterranean Virtual University]], a consortium
# [[NADE]] (NO) stands for the [[Norwegian Association for Distance Education]] or:
# NADE (LT) stands for the [[National Association of Distance Education]] in [[Lithuania]]
# [[NAHE]] stands for the [[Swedish National Association for Higher Education]]
# [[NCSL]] stands for [[National College for School Leadership]] in the [[UK]]
# [[NCU]] stands for [[Northcentral University]] ([[US]])
# [[NDEC]] stands for the National Distance Education Centre of [[Ireland]] - see also [[Oscail]] in Irish
# [[NDMA]] stands for [[Nacionaline distancinio mokymo asociacija]], in English [[National Association of Distance Education]]
# [[NELI]] stands for [[Notable E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[NIME]] stands for the [[National Institute of Multimedia Education]] ([[Japan]])
# [[NJVU]] stands for [[New Jersey Virtual University]] ([[US]])
# [[NKI]] stands for [[NKI Distance Education]], the main distance learning provider in [[Norway]]
# [[NKS]] stands for [[NKS Nettstudier]], sometimes called [[NKS Distance Education]] ([[Norway]]) (to be carefully distinguished from [[NKI]])
# [[NMMU]] stands for [[Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[NOKUT]] stands for ''Nasjonalt organ for kvalitet i utdanningen'', the [[Norwegian Agency for Quality Assurance in Education]]
# [[NOU]] stands for [[Norway Opening Universities]], the innovation programme in e-learning for HE in [[Norway]] - or:
# [[NOU]] stands for [[National Open University]] of [[Taiwan]]
# [[NOUN]] stands for the [[National Open University of Nigeria]]
# [[NPTEL]] stands for [[National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning]] ([[India]])
# [[NQAI]] stands for the [[National Qualifications Authority of Ireland]]
# [[NREN]] stands for ''National Research and Education Network''
# [[NSHU]] stands for the [[Swedish Agency for Networks and Cooperation in Higher Education]], formerly called the Swedish Net University Agency - be careful to distinguish this from [[NHSU]], the [[NHS University]] of the [[UK]]
# [[NSOU]] stands for [[Netaji Subhas Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[NSU]] stands for [[Nova Southeastern University]] ([[US]])
# [[NTUU]] stands for [[National Technical University of Ukraine]]
# [[NUCCAT]] stands for ''Northern Universities Consortium for Credit Accumulation and Transfer''
# [[NUS]] stands for [[National University of Singapore]]
# [[NUST]] stands for [[National University of Science and Technology]] ([[Zimbabwe]])
# [[NUU]] stands for [[National University of Uzbekistan]]
# [[NVU]] stands for [[Norwegian Networked University]], an association in Norway
# [[NWPI]] stands for [[North-West State Correspondence Technical University]] ([[Russia]])
# [[NWU]] stands for [[North-West University]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[NZQA]] stands for the [[New Zealand Qualifications Authority]]
# [[OBHE]] stands for the [[Observatory on Borderless Higher Education]]
# [[ODLAA]] stands for the [[Open and distance learning association of Australia]]
# [[ODU]] stands for [[Old Dominion University]] ([[US]])
# [[OECD]] stands for Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
# [[OHO]] stands for [[Open Hoger Onderwijs]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[OISE]] stands for the [[Ontario Institute for Studies in Education]] - part of the [http://www.utoronto.ca/ University of Toronto] ([[Canada]])
# [[OKI]] stands for Open Knowledge Initiative
# [[OLA]] stands for [[Open Learning Agency]] (British Columbia) – to be closed. It could also stand for ''Open Learning Australia''.
# [[OLCOS]] stands for [[Open e-Learning Content Observatory Services]]
# [[OLF]] stands for [[Open Learning Foundation]] in the [[United Kingdom]]
# [[OLIF]] stands for the [[Online Learning Innovation Fund]] of the [[UK]]
# [[OPENU]] stands for [[Open University of Israel]] ([[Israel]]) - also [[OUI]]
# [[OPNZ]] stands for the [[Open Polytechnic of New Zealand]]
# [[ORMEE]] stands for [[Observatory on Rights Management for e-Learning in Europe]]
# [[OSU]] (CZ) stands for [[University of Ostrava]] ([[Czech Republic]]) - or:
# OSU (RU) [[Orenburg State University]] ([[Russia]])
# [[OTEN]] stands for [[Open Training and Education Network]] ([[Australia]])
# [[OU Libya]] stands for [[Open University of Libya]] ([[Libya]])
# [[OU]] is a common abbreviation for UK [[Open University]] - we try to use [[UKOU]] instead
# [[OUA]] stands for [[Open Universities Australia]] -- formerly ''Open Learning Australia''
# [[OUBS]] stands for [[Open University Business School in Denmark]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[OUC]] (CY) stands for [[Open University of Cyprus]] ([[Cyprus]]) or:
# OUC (US) stands for [[Online University Consortium]] ([[US]])
# [[OUHK]] stands for [[Open University of Hong Kong]]
# [[OUI]] stands for [[Open University of Israel]] - also, [[OPENU]]
# [[OUJ]] stands for the [[Open University of Japan]], formerly the [[University of the Air]]
# [[OUM]] stands for [[Open University of Malaysia]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[OUN]] stands for [[Open Universiteit Nederland]]
# [[OUNR]] stands for [[Open University National Role]] ([[UK]])
# [[OUS]] stands for the [[Open University of Sudan]]
# [[OUSL]] stands for the [[Open University of Sri Lanka]]
# [[OUT]] stands for the [[Open University of Tanzania]]
# [[OUWB]] stands for [[Ohio University Without Boundaries]], [[US]]
# [[P2PU]] stands for [[Peer 2 Peer University]], [[US]]
# [[PANdora]] stands for Pan Asia Networking distance and open resource access, a study project
# [[PBP-VC]] stands for [[Promoting Best Practice in Virtual Campuses]]
# [[PHL]] stands for [[PHL University College]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[PI]] stands for [[Greek Pedagogical Institute]]
# [[PLATO]] stands for [[ICT Platform for Online Learning and Experiences Accreditation in the Mobility Programme]]
# [[PLM-OU]] stands for [[Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila Open University]] ([[Philippines]])
# [[PnM]] or [[PNM]] stand for [[Pick&Mix]]
# [[PNU]] stands for [[Payame Noor University]] ([[Iran]])
# [[PolyU]] stands for [[Hong Kong Polytechnic University]]
# [[PPIU]] stands for [[Phnom Penh International University]] ([[Cambodia]])
# [[PROMETEUS]] stands for PROmoting Multimedia access to Education and Training in EUropean Society
# [[PRTVU]] stands for one of the provincial-level Radio & TV universities in [[China]]
# [[PSSOU]] stands [[Pt. Sunderlal Sharma Open University| Pandit Sunderlal Sharma Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[PSU]] stands for Pennsylvania State University ([[US]]) - see [[Penn State World Campus]]
# [[PUP OU]] stands for [[Polytechnic University of the Philippines]] Open University System ([[Philippines]])
# [[PUW]] stands for [[Polski Uniwersytet Wirtualny]], the [[Polish Virtual University]]
# [[QA]] stands for [[quality assurance]]
# [[QAA]] stands for Quality Assurance Agency (for Higher Education in the [[UK]])
# [[QCA]] stands for Qualifications and Curriculum Authority ([[UK]])
# [[QOU]] stands for [[Al-Quds Open University]] ([[Palestine]])
# [[QUADEM]] stands for [[Quality Assessment of Digital Educational Materials]]
# [[QUAL-E-LEARNING]] stands for [[La qualité de l'eLearning]]
# [[QUT]] stands for [[Queensland University of Technology]] ([[Australia]])
# [[REVE]] stands for [[REal Virtual Erasmus]]
# [[RIO]] stands for Reusable Information Object (as at Cisco)
# [[RLO]] stands for Reusable Learning Object (as at Cisco)
# [[RMIT]] stands for Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (former name for RMIT) ([[Australia]])
# [[RRU]] stands for [[Royal Roads University]] ([[Canada]])
# [[RUC]] stands for [[Roskilde University]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[SAIDE]] stands for [[South African Institute for Distance Education]]
# [[SAIDI]] stands for [[Southeast Asia Interdisciplinary Development Institute]] School of Organization Development ([[Philippines]])
# [[SCAD]] stands for [[Savannah College of Art and Design]] ([[US]])
# [[SCONUL]] stands for Society of College, National and University Libraries
# [[SCORM]] stands for Sharable Course (or Courseware or Content) Object Reference Model
# [[SCQF]] stands for [[Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework]] ([[UK]])
# [[SCRTVU]] stands for [[Sichuan Radio & TV University]] ([[China]]) - see also [[SRTVU]]
# [[SCU]] stands for [[Southern Cross University]] ([[Australia]])
# [[Scuola IaD]] stands for [[Scuola IaD| Scuola per l'Istruzione a Distanza]], University of Rome Tor Vergata ([[Italy]])
# [[SDU]] (DK) stands for [[University of Southern Denmark]] ([[Denmark]]) - or:
# SDU (KR) stands for [[Seoul Digital University]] ([[Korea]])
# [[SEAMOLEC]] stands for [[South Asian Minister of Education Organization Regional Open Learning Center]] ([[Indonesia]])
# [[SEEL]] stands for [[Supporting Excellence in eLearning]]
# [[SEEQUEL]] stands for [[Sustainable Environment for the Evaluation of Quality in eLearning]]
# [[SEFI]] stands for [[European Society for Engineering Education]]
# [[SEU]] stands for [[Southeast University]] ([[Bangladesh]])
# [[SFC]] stands for the [[Scottish Funding Council]] ([[UK]])
# [[SFEFC]] stood for the former ''Scottish Further Education Funding Council'', now part of the [[Scottish Funding Council]] ([[UK]])
# [[SFU]] stands for [[Simon Fraser University]], in Vancouver ([[Canada]])
# [[SHEFC]] stands for the former ''Scottish Higher Education Funding Council'', now part of the [[Scottish Funding Council]] ([[UK]])
# [[SHTVU]] stands for [[Shanghai TV University]] - see also [[STVU]]
# [[SHU]] stands for [[Sheffield Hallam University]] ([[UK]])
# [[SLN]] stands for [[SUNY Learning Network]] ([[US]])
# [[SPC]] stands for [[St. Petersburg College]] ([[US]])
# [[SREB]] stands for [[Southern Regional Electronic Board]] ([[Electronic Campus]])
# [[SRTVU]] stands for [[Sichuan Radio & TV University]] ([[China]]) - see also [[SCRTVU]]
# [[STOU]] stands for [[Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University]] ([[Thailand]])
# [[STVU]] stands for [[Shanghai TV University]] - see also [[SHTVU]]
# [[SUA]] stands for [[Sokoine University of Agriculture]] ([[Tanzania]])
# [[SUNY]] stands for [[State University of New York]]
# [[SURF]] stands for the Dutch educational network ([[Netherlands]])
# [[SURFnet]] stands for SURF network ([[Netherlands]])
# [[SVC]] stands for [[Swiss Virtual Campus]]
# [[SVU]] stands for [[Syrian Virtual University]]
# [[SXRTVU]] stands for [[Shaanxi Radio and Television University]] ([[China]])
# [[SYTVU]] stands for [[Shenyang Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[TDU]] stand for [[Thematic Digital Universities]] ([[France]])
# [[TechBC]] stand for the former [[Technical University of British Columbia]] ([[Canada]])
# [[TÉLUQ ]] (and various variants) stands for the [[Télé-université]] du Québec, now part of the [[Université du Québec à Montréal]] ([[UQAM]])
# [[TGOU]] stands for the [[The Global Open University of Zambia]]
# [[TJRTVU]] stands for [[Tianjin Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[TKK]] stands for [[Helsinki University of Technology]] ('''''T'''eknillinen '''k'''orkea'''k'''oulu'')
# [[TLTP]] stands for Teaching and Learning Technology Programme ([[UK]])
# [[TNOU]] stands for [[Tamil Nadu Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[TQEF]] stands for [[Teaching Quality Enhancement Fund]] ([[UK]])
# [[TRU]] stands for [[Thompson Rivers University]] ([[Canada]])
# [[TUT]] stands for [[Tallinn University of Technology]] ([[Estonia]]) or:
# TUT stands for [[Tshwane University of Technology]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[TVU]] stands for [[Tamil Virtual University]] ([[India]])
# [[U21]] stands for [[Universitas 21]]
# UAB (BR) stands for [[Universidade Aberta do Brasil]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[UAb]] (PT) stands for [[Universidade Aberta]], the [[Portuguese Open University]] ([[Portugal]])
# [[UAE]] stands for [[United Arab Emirates]] (the country)
# [[UArctic]] stands for [[University of the Arctic]]
# [[UB]] stands for [[University of Baltimore]] ([[US]])
# [[UC3M]] stands for [[University Carlos III of Madrid]]
# [[UCAS]] stands for Universities and Colleges Admissions System ([[UK]])
# [[UCC]] stands for [[University College Copenhagen]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCF]] stands for [[University of Central Florida]] ([[US]])
# [[UCISA]] stands for the Universities and Colleges Information Systems Association ([[UK]])
# [[UCJ]] stands for [[Jutland University College]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCL]] stand for [[University College London]] ([[UK]])
# [[UCM]] stands for [[Complutensian University of Madrid]]
# [[UCN]] stands for [[University College of Northern Denmark]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCOE]] stands for [[Ulyanovsk Consortium of Open Education]]
# [[UCOL]] stands for [[Universal College of Learning]] ([[New Zealand]])
# [[UCSC]] stands for [[University of Colombo School of Computing]] ([[Sri Lanka]])
# [[UCSJ]] stands for [[University College Sealand]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCSouth]] stands for [[University College South]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCT]] stands for [[University of Cape Town]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[UDIMA]] stands for [[Universidad a distancia de Madrid]], or Open University of Madrid ([[Spain]])
# [[UEF]] stands for the [[University of Eastern Finland]] ([[Finland]])
# [[Ufi]] (or sometimes [[UFI]]) stands for [[University for Industry]], who deliver [[learndirect]] ([[UK]])
# [[UFS]] stands for [[University of the Free State]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[UGent]] stands for [[Universiteit Gent]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[UH]] stands for [[University of Hawaii]] System ([[US]])
# [[UHI]] stands for [[University of the Highlands and Islands]] ([[Scotland]]) ([[UK]])
# [[UIS]] stands for [[University of Illinois Springfield]]
# [[UiTM]] stands for [[Universiti Teknologi MARA]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[UK]] stands for [[United Kingdom]] - see also the University of Kentucky ([[US]])
# [[UKeU]] is the [[UK e-University]], more properly called [[UK eUniversities Worldwide Limited]] ([[UK]])
# [[UKEU]] stands for [[UK eUniversities Worldwide Limited]], or the [[UK eUniversity]] ([[UK]])
# [[UKOLN]] stands for UK Office for Library and Information Networking ([[UK]])
# [[UKOU]] stands for UK [[Open University]] ([[UK]])
# [[ULB]] stands for [[Université Libre de Bruxelles]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[ULC]] stands for [[University College Lillebaelt]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[ULg]] stands for [[University of Liege]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[ULPGC]] stands for [[University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria]] ([[Canary Islands]]; [[Spain]])
#[[ULSTU]] stands for [[Ulyanovsk State Technical University]]
# [[UMCS]] stands for [[Maria Curie-Sklodowska University]]
# [[UMH]] stands for the [[Université de Mons-Hainaut]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[UMU]] stand for [[Umeå University]]
# [[UMUC]] stands for [[University of Maryland University College]] ([[US]])
# [[UNAD]] stands for [[Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia]] ([[Colombia]])
# [[UNAM]] stands for [[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]] ([[Mexico]])
# [[UnB]] stands for [[University of Brazil]] (Universidade de Brasilia) ([[Brazil]])
# [[UNE]] (AU) stands for [[University of New England]] ([[Australia]]) - or:
# UNE (US) stands for [[University of New England (US)]]
# [[UNED]] stands for [[Universidad Estatal a Distancia]] ([[Costa Rica]])
# [[UNED]] stands for [[Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UNESCO]] stands for the [[United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization]]
# [[UNIA]] stands for the [[International University of Andalusia]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UNIACC]] stands for [[Universidad de las Artes, Ciencias, y Comunicaciones]] ([[Chile]])
# [[Uniandes]] stands for [[University of the Andes]] ([[Colombia]])
# [[UNIEDPA]] stands for [[Universidad Estatal a Distancia]] ([[Panama]])
# [[UNINETT]] is the National Education and Research Network for [[Norway]]
# [[UNIOVI]] stands for [[University of Oviedo]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UNI-QM]] stands for [[European University Quality Management Tools for Lifelong Learning]]
# [[UniSA]] stands for [[University of South Australia]] ([[Australia]])
# [[UNISA]] stands for the [[UNISA Online Campus]] at the [[University of South Africa]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[UNISIM]] or [[UniSIM]] stands for [[SIM University]] ([[Singapore]])
# [[UNITAR]] stands for [[Universiti Tun Abdul Razak]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[UNIURB]] stands for [[University of Urbino "Carlo Bo"]] ([[Italy]])
# [[UNR]] stands for [[Universités numériques en région]] ([[France]])
# [[UNT]] stands for [[Universités Numériques Thématiques]] ([[France]])
# [[UOB]] stands for [[University of Bahrain]] ([[Bahrain]])
# [[UOC]] stands for [[Universitat Oberta de Catalunya]], the ''Open University of Catalonia'' ([[Spain]]
# [[UoL]] stands for [[University of London]]
# [[UoP]] stands for [[University of the People]] ([[US]])
# [[UOPX]] stands for [[University of Phoenix]] ([[US]])
# [[UOU]] stands for [[Uttarakhand Open University]] ([[India]] )
# [[UPC]] stands for [[Polytechnic University of Catalonia]]
# [[UPF]] stands for [[Pompeu Fabra University]]
# [[UPM]] stands for [[Universidad Politécnica de Madrid]], the [[Technical University of Madrid]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UPOU]] stands for [[University of the Philippines Open University]] ([[Philippines]])
# [[UPRTOU]] stands for [[U.P. Rajarshi Tandon Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[UPX]] stands for [[University of Phoenix]] ([[US]])
# [[URJC]] stands for [[Rey Juan Carlos University]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UQAM]] stands for the [[Université du Québec à Montréal]] ([[Canada]])
# [[USDLA]] stands for the [[United States Distance Learning Association]] ([[United States]])
# [[USM]] stands for [[Universiti Sains Malaysia]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[USOU]] stands for [[United States Open University]] ([[United States]])
# [[USP]] (BR) stands for the [[University of Sao Paulo]] ([[Brazil]]) or:
# [[USP]] (FJ) stands for the [[University of the South Pacific]] ([[Fiji]]) (online learning)
# [[USQ]] (AU) stands for [[University of Southern Queensland]] ([[Australia]])
# [[USV]] stands for [[Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava]] ([[Romania]])
# [[UAPA]] stands for [[Open University for Adults]] ([[Dominican Republic]])
# [[UT]] (NL) stands for [[University of Twente]] ([[Netherlands]]) - (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# [[UT]] (IN) stands for [[Universitas Terbuka]] ([[Indonesia]]) - (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# [[UT]] (EE) stands for [[University of Tartu]] ([[Estonia]]) - (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation)
# [[UT]] (en) stands for [[University of Texas]] ([[United States]])
# [[UTPL]] stands for [[Universidad Tecnica Particular de Loja]] ([[Ecuador]])
# [[UU]] stands for [[Uppsala University]]
# [[UUK]] stands for [[Universities UK]] ([[United Kingdom]])
# [[UvA]] stands for [[University of Amsterdam]]
# [[UVF]] stands for [[Université Virtuelle Francophone]] ([[Canada]])
# [[UVPL]] stands for [[Université Virtuelle en Pays de la Loire]] ([[France]])
# [[UVQ]] stands for [[Universidad Virtual de Quilmes]] ([[Argentina]])
# [[UVT]] stands for [[Université Virtuelle de Tunis]] ([[Tunisia]])
# [[UWI]] stands for [[University of the West Indies]]
# [[UWIDEC]] stands for [[University of the West Indies]] - Distance Education Centre
# [[UWO]] stands for [[University of Western Ontario]] ([[Canada]])
# [[UWS]] stands for [[University of the West of Scotland]] ([[UK]])
# [[VCSE]] stands for [[Virtual Campus for A Sustainable Europe]]
# [[VEBS]] stands for [[Virtual European Banking School]]
# [[VENUS]] stands for [[Virtual and E-mobility for Networking Universities in Society]]
# [[VFH]] stands for [[Hochschulverbund Virtuelle Fachhochschule]] ([[Germany]]))
# [[VGU]] stands for the [[Virtual Global University]]
# [[VHB]] stands for [[Bavarian Virtual University]] ([[Germany]])
# [[ViCaDiS]] stands for [[Virtual Campus for Digital Students]]
# [[VICTORIOUS]] stands for [[VIrtual Curricula ThrOugh Reliable InterOperating University Systems]]
# [[VIPA]] stands for [[VIrtual campus for virtual space design Provided for european Architects]]
# [[VirtUE]] stands for [[Virtual University for Europe]]
# [[VM-BASE]] stands for [[Virtual Mobility Before and After Student Exchanges]]
# [[VMOU]] stands for [[Vardhaman Mahaveer Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[VŠERS]] stands for [[College of European and Regional Studies]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[VSZDRAV]] stands for [[College of Nursing and Midwifery]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[VU]] stands for [[Pakistan Virtual University]] or Virtual University of Pakistan
# [[VUB]] stands for [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[VUSAT]] stands for [[Virtual University for the Semi-Arid Tropics]] ([[India]])
# [[VUSME]] stands for [[Virtual University for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises]]
# [[VUSSC]] stands for [[Virtual University for Small States of the Commonwealth]]
# [[VUT]] stands for [[Brno University of Technology]]
# [[W&K]] stands for [[Hogeschool voor Wetenschap & Kunst]] / [[University College for Sciences and Arts]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[WADEA]] stands for the [[West African Distance Education Association]]
# [[WCEL]] stands for [[Waikato Centre for eLearning]] ([[New Zealand]])
# [[WCET]] stands for Western Cooperative for Educational Telecommunications
# [[Webcampus]] of the [[Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix]] (FUNDP) ([[Belgium]])
# [[WGU]] stands for [[Western Governors University]] ([[US]])
# [[WHOLE]] stands for [[Web-based health Organisations Learning Environment]]
# [[WOU]] stands for [[Wawasan Open University]]
# [[WSEH]] stands for [[Academy of Humanities and Economics]]
# [[WTO]] stands for World Trade Organisation
# [[XML]] stands for Extensible Markup Language
# [[YCMOU]] stands for [[Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[YÖK]] stands for ''Yükseköğretim Kurulu'', the Turkish for [[Council of Higher Education (Turkey)]]
# [[YRTVU]] stands for [[Yunnan Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[ZFH]] stands for [[Zentralstelle für Fernstudien an Fachhochschulen]] ([[Germany]])
# [[ZFUW]] stands for [[Zentrum für Fernstudien und Universitäre Weiterbildung]] ([[Germany]])
# [[ZAOU]] stands for [[Zambian Open University]]
# [[ZOU]] stands for [[Zimbabwe Open University]]

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[[Category:Abbreviations| ]]

State University of New York

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The '' State University of New York'' ('''SUNY''') supports...


The institution’s main office is in New York City, [[United States]]. Other campuses...



The State University of New York’s web site is at http://www.suny.edu







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> [[Programmes]]

[[Category: United States]]
[[Category:Universities]]
[[Category:Colleges]]
[[Category: University colleges]]

SUNY

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#REDIRECT [[State University of New York]]
[[Category:Abbreviations]]

State University of New York

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{{stub}}
The '' State University of New York'' ('''SUNY''') supports...


The institution’s main office is in New York City, [[United States]]. Other campuses...



The State University of New York’s web site is at http://www.sunny.edu







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> [[United States]]

> [[Programmes]]

[[Category: United States]]
[[Category:Universities]]
[[Category:Colleges]]
[[Category: University colleges]]

United States

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== Partners situated in the United States ==

None.

Also at present there are no members of the [[International Advisory Committee]] based in the US.

== United States in a nutshell ==
(sourced from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States)

=== Overview ===

[[Image:US.gif|right|thumb|400px|Source : http://www.cia.gov]]
The United States (in full, the '''United States of America'''; in short, the '''US''', the '''USA''', or '''America''') is a federal constitutional republic comprising 50 states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central [[North America]], where its 48 contiguous states and Washington DC, the capital district, lie between the [[Pacific Ocean]] and [[Atlantic Ocean]], bordered by [[Canada]] to the north and [[Mexico]] to the south.

Separate from the main US, the state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with [[Canada]] to its east and [[Russia]] to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories, or insular areas, in the [[Caribbean]] and [[Pacific Ocean]].

At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with about 306 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and third largest by land area and by population.

The capital of the US is Washington DC and the largest city is New York.

The United States is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries.

The US economy is the largest national economy in the world, with an estimated 2008 gross domestic product (GDP) of US $14.3 trillion (23% of the world total based on nominal GDP and almost 21% at purchasing power parity).

In 1945, the United States emerged from World War II as the first country with nuclear weapons, a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, and a founding member of NATO. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union left the United States as the sole superpower. The country accounts for approximately 50% of global military spending and is a leading economic, political, and cultural force in the world.

=== Government ===

The United States is the world's oldest surviving federation. It is a constitutional republic, "in which majority rule is tempered by minority rights protected by law." It is fundamentally structured as a representative democracy, though US citizens residing in the territories are excluded from voting for federal officials. The government is regulated by a system of checks and balances defined by the US Constitution, which serves as the country's supreme legal document. In the American federalist system, citizens are usually subject to three levels of government, federal, state, and local; the local government's duties are commonly split between county and municipal governments. In almost all cases, executive and legislative officials are elected by a plurality vote of citizens by district. There is no proportional representation at the federal level, and it is very rare at lower levels. Federal and state judicial and cabinet officials are typically nominated by the executive branch and approved by the legislature, although some state judges and officials are elected by popular vote.

=== The States ===

The United States is a federal union of 50 states. The original thirteen states were the successors of the thirteen colonies that rebelled against British rule. Most of the rest have been carved from territory obtained through war or purchase by the US government. One set of exceptions comprises Vermont, Texas, and Hawaii: each was an independent republic before joining the United States. Another set of exceptions comprises those states created out of the territory of the original thirteen. Early in the country's history, three states were created in this manner: Kentucky from Virginia; Tennessee from North Carolina; and Maine from Massachusetts. During the American Civil War, West Virginia broke away from Virginia. The most recent state — Hawaii — achieved statehood in 1959. ''The states do not have the right to secede from the union.''

For more details and a map see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._state.

The states compose the vast bulk of the US land mass; the two other areas considered integral parts of the country are the District of Columbia, the federal district where the capital, Washington, is located; and Palmyra Atoll, an uninhabited but incorporated territory in the Pacific Ocean.

The United States also possesses five major overseas territories: Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands in the [[Caribbean]]; and American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands in the Pacific. Those born in the territories (except for American Samoa) possess US citizenship. These territories (or any having significant e-learning activity) are considered separately - currently none are seen as having relevance.

=== The relevance of the US to European e-learning ===

==== Is the relevance of the US or of its states? ====

The population of the USA of around 306 million seems enormously large compared with the UK or England, let alone the other home nations. However, the federal structure of the US and the deregulated nature of its higher education means that it is reasonable to look also at the states level. In fact, even the largest state, [[California]], has only 36 million people, and the next, Texas, just 23 million. Only eight states have a population of more than 10 million: [[California]], Texas, New York, [[Florida]], [[Illinois]], Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Michigan. Nine states have populations of less than 10 but more than 6 million; 33 states have populations less than 6 million - of these, 13 states have populations in the range 1.0 to 3.0 million. (See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_population and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_the_European_Union.)

The EU should in theory feel comfortable in that the population of the EU is now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population estimated] as 497 million, about 1.5 times that of the US. But where the analogy breaks down with the EU is that the common language and culture of the US means a velocity of propagation of ideas which cannot be replicated across the EU.

Currently (July 2009) we have given details and categorisations in the wiki for just four states: [[California]], [[Colorado]], [[Florida]] and [[Illinois]]. These are all largeish states each containing several institutions of interest. If this level of analysis seems useful then, perhaps in a later phase, the Re.ViCa community will wish to extend the coverage.

The current list of states covered is at [[:Category:States of the United States]].

==== Why do US ideas in e-learning not transfer to Europe? ====

It has been a mystery to many analysts why the success of e-learning in universities in the USA does not transfer more readily to Europe. Is it the economy, the demographics, the population density? Or as some suspect, is the key the nature of the funding of universities?

Because of the mysteries, there is little point in bombarding readers with information on the excellence and sophistication of e-learning in US HE, even in quite small institutions. In any case, it is not feasible within the limited effort we have.

So instead we shall concentrate on a few aspects of most relevance.

== United States education policy ==

Although some education issues are decided at federal level, much is devolved to the states.

In most states, children are required to attend school from the age of 6 or 7 (generally, kindergarten or first grade) until they turn 18 (generally bringing them through twelfth grade, the end of high school); some states allow students to leave school at 16 or 17.

American public education is operated by state and local governments, regulated by the [[United States Department of Education]] through restrictions on federal grants. About 12% of children are enrolled in parochial or nonsectarian private schools. Just over 2% of children are homeschooled.

The United States has many competitive private and public institutions of higher education, as well as local community colleges with open admission policies.

Of Americans 25 and older, 84.6% graduated from high school, 52.6% attended some college, 27.2% earned a bachelor's degree, and 9.6% earned graduate degrees. The basic literacy rate is approximately 99%.

The United Nations assigns the United States an Education Index of 0.97, tying it for 12th in the world.

== United States education system ==

== Higher education ==

=== Universities in the United States ===

It is not knowable how many universities there are in the US. So much depends on what one means by a university - this isespecially so in the devolved and regionalised system of accreditation used in the US for universities. In any case, there seems little value in knowing the answer. Those who wish to try to find out could try looking at the [http://www.utexas.edu/world/univ/alpha/ alphabetical list of universities] maintained at the [[University of Texas]].

The USA has a complex structure of HE e-learning providers including organisations offering both face-to-face and e-learning (usually blended) provision via different subsidiaries. In terms of blended/e-learning provision, the two leading players in the USA are often agreed to be:
* The [[University of Maryland University College]] (UMUC), with over 110,000 online enrolments spread over 540 distinct courses online (chapter 12).
* [[University of Phoenix]] (UOP), with over 109,000 attending via the Internet through the University’s Online Campus (out of over 213,000 students as of May 2004)

For comparison, note that the UK [[Open University]] is reported as having 60,000 online students.

There is a major applications service provider, [[eCollege]], whose entry into the UK and other non-US markets has now taken place, having been rumoured for many months.

Yet the major feature of the USA is now the breadth of deployment of distance e-learning services in HE, including the beginnings of activity overseas, from literally hundreds of universities and colleges. Many leading public universities, including the US partners in the WUN consortium, such as [[Penn State]], are increasingly active. Several of these are featured in the [[Gazetteer]].

There are two main categories: private for-profit and the rest (public or private non-profit).

At this stage of evolution in the UK there is little ''perceived'' relevance of the private for-profit institutions oriented to e-learning, such as the [http://www.phoenix.edu University of Phoenix] - noting that some others, but not Phoenix have declined in recent years. The [http://www.phoenix.edu/online_and_campus_programs/degree_programs.aspx list of online courses] at Phoenix is impressive. There is a useful [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Phoenix wikipedia entry on Phoenix].

There are also many high-profile large universities (especially state-wide systems) which would be difficult for UK institutions to emulate, given their scale, endowment, etc. So it is likely that the main relevance to the UK - different, but not totally, from "threat to the UK" - will come from mid-range providers. Since there are several active HE networks - such as [http://www.wun.ac.uk/ WUN] - which cross the Atlantic, it is worthwhile for UK HEIs to look first at any US partners in that category.

Institutions which come to mind include:

# [http://www.mit.edu/ MIT], of course
# [http://www.cmu.edu Carnegie Mellon], with a long tradition of insightful e-learning development
# [http://www.psu.edu/ Penn State], active for years in distance learning and e-learning, and a [http://www.wun.ac.uk/ WUN]member
# [http://www.msu.edu Michigan State], with the [http://msuglobal.com/ MSU Global] entrepreneurial arm - who as just one university without any US government involvement co-hosted a [http://www.msuglobal.com/internationalforum.html major conference] in China on quality assurance in online learning.

There are many many more.

===Polytechnics in the US ===

== Higher education reform ==

=== The Bologna Process ===

== Administration and finance ==

== Quality assurance ==

== Country's HEIs in the information society ==

=== Towards the information society ===

=== Information society strategy ===

==== Benchmarking e-learning ====

Within the sphere of influence of methodologies supported by the Higher Education Academy, there has been some interest in benchmarking in the US from several universities including in particular Penn State, a member of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN) to which several UK universities active in eMM are affiliated.

The UK members of WUN are:

* University of Bristol (ELTI - Pilot)
* University of Leeds (eMM - Phase 2)
* University of Sheffield (eMM - Phase 2)
* University of Southampton (eMM - Phase 2)
* University of York (not active in benchmarking e-learning)

The University of Manchester is no longer a member of [[WUN]].

Outside the methodologies being supported by the Higher Education Academy, there is much activity in the US including from IQAT, increasing substantially in 2008.

== References ==

None yet.

----
> [[Countries]]
 
>> [[Main Page]]

[[Category:United States| ]]
[[Category:North America]]
[[Category:OECD]]
[[Category:G8 countries]]
[[Category:G-20 countries]]

[[Category:Country reports]]
[[Category:Countries with Programmes]]

Abbreviations

2009-09-18T09:03:51Z

Gertjan: /* Abbreviations */ UT added

This is (to be) a full list of abbreviations for organisations and other activities of relevance to Re.ViCa.

A number of technical abbreviations are added - these do not link to Re.ViCa wiki pages. They are included as they are codes to avoid when creating or selecting codes for institutions and other entities.

Two-character codes are discouraged except when they are [[country codes]] but some are so common that we have been forced to adopt them.

Single-character codes are forbidden as they are used for various technical purposes.

'''Editors! Always check abbreviations first with Google and [http://www.acronymfinder.com/ Acronym finder]!'''

== Abbreviations ==
(other than 2-character country codes and 1-character codes for technical use)

The following list has been extracted from the list developed for [[The e-University Compendium]] and then further developed.

It is aimed to contain the standard abbreviations for all entities, institutions, programmes (especially [[MELI]]s etc) and projects of interest in the countries of most interest - plus for open/distance teaching universities across the world.

# [[AABSC]] stands for the [[Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business]]
# [[AAOU]] stands for the [[Asian Association of Open Universities]]
# [[AAU]] stands for [[Aalborg University]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[ABED]] stands for the [[Brazilian Association of Distance Education]]
# [[ACODE]] stands for [[Australasian Council on Open, Distance and E-Learning]]
# [[ACU]] stands for [[Association of Commonwealth Universities]] - see also [[Australian Catholic University]] and [[Abilene Christian University]] ([[US]])
# [[AIESAD]] stands for Asociación Iberoamericana de Educación Superior a Distancia, the [[Ibero-American Association of Distance Education Universities]]
# [[AIOU]] stands for the [[Allama Iqbal Open University]] ([[Pakistan]]) - see also
# AIOU stands for the [[Asia International Open University]] ([[Macao]])
# [[AIU]] stands for [[American InterContinental University]]
# [[AJU]] stands for [[Andrew Jackson University‎]] ([[US]])
# [[ALFA]] stands for [[América Latina - Formación Académica]], a programme of cooperation between higher education institutions of the European Union and Latin America
# [[ALT]] stands for [[Association for Learning Technology]], focussed on the [[UK]]
# [[AMBA]] stands for The Association of MBAs
# [[AmSU]] stands for [[Amur State University]] ([[Russia]])
# [[AMU]] stands for [[Academy of Performing Arts in Prague]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[ANCED]] stands for the [[Asociación Nacional de Centros de e-Learning y Distancia]] ([[Spain]])
# [[AOU]] stands for the [[Arab Open University]]
# [[APQN]] stands for [[Asia-Pacific Quality Network]]
# [[AQF]] stands for [[Australian Qualifications Framework]]
# [[ARIADNE]] stands for [[Alliance of Remote Instructional Authoring and Distribution Networks for Europe]]
# [[ARIEL]] stands for [[Analysing and Reporting the Implementation of Electronic Learning in Europe]]
# [[ASEAN]] stands for [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations]]
# [[ATN]] stands for [[Australian Technology Network]] (of universities)
# [[AU]] stands for [[Australia]] (the country) or:
# AU (DK) stands for [[Aarhus University]] ([[Denmark]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# AU (CA) stands for [[Athabasca University]] ([[Canada]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# AU stands for Ashford University ([[US]])
# [[AUCC]] stands for the [[Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada]]
# [[AUGent]] stands for [[Ghent University Association]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[AUHA]] stands for [[Associatie Universiteit & Hogescholen Antwerpen]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[AUHL]] stands for [[Associatie Universiteit-Hogescholen Limburg]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[AULP]] stands for [[Associação das Universidades de Língua Portuguesa]] ([[Association of Universities in the Language of Portuguese]])
# [[AUO]] stands for [[Ashford University Online]]
# [[AUQA]] stands for the [[Australian Universities Quality Agency]]
# [[AUT]] stands for [[Auckland University of Technology]] - no longer for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_University_Teachers Association of University Teachers] which does not exist now
# [[AUTH]] stands for [[Aristotle University of Thessaloniki]] ([[Greece]])
# [[AVU]] stands for [[African Virtual University]]
# [[AZUN]] stands for [[Arizona Universities Network]], [[US]]
# [[BAOU]] stands for [[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University]] ([[Turkey]])
# [[BAU]] stand for [[Al-Balqa' Applied University]] ([[Jordan]])
# [[BAWEST]] stands for [[Business Academy West]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[BBE]] stands for [[Business of Borderless Education]] (report)
# [[BCOU]] stands for [[British Columbia Open University]] (now absorbed into [[Thompson Rivers University]])
# [[Becta]] or formerly [[BECTa]] stands for [[British Educational Communications and Technology Agency]] ([[UK]]) but the long form is rarely used now
# [[BELNET]] stands for the [[Belgian Research and Education Network]]
# [[BFSU]] stands for [[Beijing Foreign Studies University]] ([[China]])
# [[BI]] stands for [[BI Norwegian School of Management]] - see also [[Burundi]], [[Africa]]
# [[BME]] stands for [[Budapest University of Technology and Economics]] ([[Hungary]])
# [[BMUKK]] stands for ''Bundesministerium für Unterricht, Kunst und Kultur''/ [[Federal_Ministry_for_Education%2C_Arts_and_Culture]] ([[Austria]])
# [[BMWF]] stands for ''Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung'' / [[Federal Ministry of Science and Research]] ([[Austria]])
# [[BNU]] stands for [[Beijing Normal University]] ([[China]])
# [[BOU]] stands for the [[Bangladesh Open University]]
# [[BRAOU]] stands for the [[Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[BSEC]] stands for [[Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation]]
# [[BTVU]] stands for [[Beijing Radio & TV University‎]] ([[China]])
# [[BVU]] stands for [[Bulgarian Virtual University]] or [[Best Virtual Universities Organisation]]
# [[CANARIE]] stands for [[Canadian Network for the Advancement of Research, Industry and Education]], the [[NREN]] in [[Canada]]
# [[CARADOL]] stands for the [[Caribbean Association for Distance and Open Learning]]
# [[CARET]] stands for the [[Centre for Applied Research in Educational Technologies at the University of Cambridge]]
# [[CBS]] stands for [[Copenhagen Business School]]
# [[CCC]] stands for [[Coastline Community College]] ([[US]])
# [[CCCOnline]] stands for [[Colorado Community Colleges Online]] ([[US]])
# [[CCDL]] stands for [[Cross Cultural Distance Learning]], an international consortium
# [[CCi]] stands for [[Corinthian Colleges]], Inc. ([[US]])
# [[CCRTVU]] stands for the [[China Central Radio & TV University]]
# [[CCSNH]] stands for [[Community College System of New Hampshire]] ([[US]])
# [[Cederj]] stands for [[Center for Distance Learning of the State of Rio de Janeiro]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[CELI]] stands for [[Ceased E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[CERNET]] stands for the [[China Education and Research Network]]
# [[CETIS]] stands for [[Centre for Educational Technology Interoperability Standards]] but the long form is rarely used now ([[UK]])
# [[CEVU]] stands for [[Collaborative European Virtual University]]
# [[CHEA]] stands for [[Council for Higher Education Accreditation]] (US) - agency
# [[CHEI]] stands for [[Council for Higher Education]] ([[Israel]])
# [[CHEMS]] stands for [[Commonwealth Higher Education Management Service]] - now ceased
# [[CICEI]] stands for Centro de Innovación para la Sociedad de la Información (Innovation Center for the Information Society) ([[Canary Islands]]; [[Spain]])
# [[CIFFAD]] stands for [[Consortium International Francophone de Formation a Distance]]
# [[CMEC]] stands for the [[Council of Ministers of Education, Canada]]
# [[CMU]] stands for [[Carnegie Mellon University]] ([[US]])
# [[CNAM]] stands for [[Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers]] ([[France]])
# [[CNAVES]] was the Portuguese agency for quality in higher education. It closed in 2007 and is now replaced by another body.
# [[CNED]] stands for [[Centre National d'Enseignement à Distance]]. In French the abbreviation is [[Cned]] ([[France]])
# [[CNFD]] stands for [[Campus Numérique Francophone de Dakar]] ([[Senegal]])
# [[COL]] stands for [[Commonwealth of Learning]] ([[Canada]])
# [[COME]] stands for [[Warsaw University Centre for Open and Multimedia Education]] ([[Poland]])
# [[CPLP]] stands for [[Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa]] ([[Community of Portuguese Language Countries]])
# [[CRTVU]] stands for [[China Central Radio & TV University]]
# [[CRUP]] stands for [[Conselho de Reitores das Universidades Portuguesas]] ([[Portugal]])
# [[CSF]] stands for [[Critical success factor]]
# [[CSU]] stands for [[Charles Sturt University]] ([[Australia]])
# [[CTDLC]] stands for [[Connecticut Distance Learning Consortium]] ([[US]])
# [[CTU]] stands for [[Czech Technical University in Prague]] ([[Czech Republic]]) - see also [[Colorado Technical University]] ([[US]])
# [[CU Online]] stands for [[Colorado University Online]] ([[US]])
# [[CU]] stands for [[Charles University]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# CU stands for [[Cyber University]] ([[Japan]])
# [[CUTV]] stands for [[Carleton University]] Television ([[Canada]])
# [[CVA-RICESU]] stands for [[Comunidade Virtual de Aprendizagem Rede de Instituições Católicas de Ensino Superior]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[CVC]] stands for [[California Virtual Campus]] ([[US]])
# [[CVG]] stands for [[Campus Virtuel en Gestion]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[CVU]] stands for [[Canadian Virtual University]]. It was also used in the past for [[Clyde Virtual University]].
# [[DBIS]] stands for the [[Department for Business, Innovation & Skills]] of the [[UK]], which oversees universities and colleges
# [[DCSF]] is the ''Department for Children, Schools and Families'' of the [[UK]]
# [[DCU]] stands for [[Dublin City University]] ([[Ireland]]) - the host of [[OSCAIL]]
# [[DDU]] stands for the [[Dutch Digital University]] (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation [[DU]] commonly used in [[Netherlands]])
# [[DEASA]] stands for the [[Distance Education Association of Southern Africa]]
# [[DEEWR]] is the ''Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations'' in [[Australia]]
# [[DELNI]] is the ''Department for Employment and Learning, [[Northern Ireland]]''
# [[DELOS]] stands for [[Developing a European e-learning Observation System]]
# [[DEST]] is a department now merged into [[DEEWR]]
# [[DETYA]] stood for ''Department of Education, Training and Youth Affairs'' ([[Australia]]), later called [[DEST]]
# [[DfEE]] stands for the former ''Department for Education and Employment'' of the [[UK]], a very old name for [[DfES]]
# [[DfES]] stands for the former ''Department for Education and Skills'' of the [[UK]], now split into [[DCSF]] and [[DIUS]]
# [[DFID]] stands for ''Department for International Development'' of the [[UK]]
# [[DCU]] stands for [[Daegu Cyber University]] ([[South Korea]])
# [[DGAU]] stands for [[Dennis Gabor Applied University]] ([[Hungary]])
# [[DISC]] stands for [[Distance and International Study Center]] ([[Germany]]) - a.k.a. [[ZFUW]]
# [[DIUS]] is the ''Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills'' of the [[UK]]
# [[DTU]] stands for [[Technical University of Denmark]]
# [[DVD]] stands for Digital Versatile Disk (no longer Digital Video Disk)
# [[DVU]] stands for [[Danish Virtual University]]
# [[E.A.S.Y.]] stands for [[Agency for Easy Access to Virtual Campus]]
# [[EADL]] stands for [[European Association for Distance Learning]]
# [[EADTU]] stands for the [[European Association of Distance Teaching Universities]]
# [[EBS]] stands for [[Estonian Business School Open University]]
# [[ECDVU]] stands for [[Early Childhood Development Virtual University]]
# [[eChina]] stands for the [[Sino-UK eLearning Programme]]
# [[ECTS]] stands for ''European Credit Transfer System'', sometimes called the ''European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System''
# [[EDEN]] stands for [[European Distance and E-Learning Network]]
# [[EDHEC]] stands for [[École De Hautes Études Commerciales du Nord]] ([[France]])
# [[EdiNet]] stands for [[E-learning in Distributed Data Network Laboratory]]
# [[eduGI]] stands for [[Reuse and Sharing of e-Learning Courses in GI Science Education]]
# [[EEA]] stands for the [[:Category:European Economic Area|European Economic Area]]
# [[EELU]] stands for [[Egyptian E-Learning University]]
# [[EeU]] stands for [[Estonian e-University]]
# [[EEZ]] stands for the [[European Economic Zone]] of [[EU]], [[EEA]] and [[Switzerland]]
# [[EFQM]] stands for European Foundation for Quality Management
# [[EhB]] stands for [[Erasmus University College Brussels]]
# [[ELDDA]] stands for e-Learning Digital Dashboard
# [[eLene-TT]] stands for [[e-Learning Network for Teacher Training]]
# [[e-LERU]] stands for [[League of European Research Universities virtual campus]]
# [[ELUE]] stands for [[Improving quality of e-learning in universities]]
# [[ELWA]] stood for ''Education and Learning [[Wales]]'' but is no longer used - see [[HEFCW]]
# [[EML]] stands for Educational Markup Language
# [[eMM]] and [[EMM]] stand for the e-Learning Maturity Model for benchmarking e-learning
# [[E-move]] stands for [[An Operational Conception of Virtual Mobility]]
# [[EMTC]] stands for [[E. mokymosi technologijų centras]], in English [[e-Learning Technology Centre at Kaunas University of Technology]]
# [[ENQA]] stands for the [[European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education]]
# [[EPICS]] stands for [[European Portal for International Courses and Services for Virtual Erasmus]]
# [[EQO]] stands for [[European Quality Observatory]]
# [[EQUEL]] stands for [[E-quality in e-learning research Laboratoire]]
# [[EQUIS]] stands for European Quality Improvement System
# [[eRNIST]] stands for [[European Research Network for ICT in Schools of Tomorrow]]
# [[ESC]] stands for [[Empire State College]] ([[US]])
# [[ESEN]] stands for [[European Small and medium entreprise E-learning Network]]
# [[ESP-T]] stands for [[English for Specific Purposes: Therapeutic Professions]]
# [[ESRC]] stands for [http://www.esrc.ac.uk Economic and Social Research Council] ([[UK]])
# [[ETT.Campus]] stands for [[European Teachers and Trainers campus]]
# [[e-Ttnet]] stands for [[Training of trainers network for e-learning]]
# [[EU]] stands for [[European Union]]
# [[e-U]] stands for the [[UK e-University]] (the one that became [[UKeU]])
# [[EUA]] stands for [[European University Association]]
# [[EUNITE]] stands for [[European Universities Network for IT in Education]]
# [[e-URBs]] stands for [[European Master in Comparative Urban Studies]]
# [[EUROMOVE]] stands for [[European Mobility through Virtual Education]]
# [[EuroPACE]] stands for [[European Professional Association for Collaboration in E-Learning]]
# [[EVENE]] stands for [[Erasmus Virtual Economics & Management Studies Exchange]]
# [[EVICAB]] stands for [[European Virtual Campus for Biomedical Engineering]]
# [[EWNI]] stands for [[England, Wales and Northern Ireland]] - the home nations of the [[UK]] other than [[Scotland]]
# [[FADE]] stands for the [[Finnish Association for Distance Education]]
# [[FATECE]] stands for [[Faculdade de Tecnologia, Ciências e Educação]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[FC]] stands for [[Fisheries College, Bac Ninh]] ([[Vietnam]])
# [[FCCJ]] stands for [[Florida Community College]] Jacksonville
# [[FE]] stands for [[Further Education]] (post-school, non-degree courses)
# [[Fe-ConE]] stands for [[Framework for e-learning Contents Evaluation]]
# [[FELI]] stands for [[Failed E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[FernFH]] stands for [[Ferdinand Porsche FernFH]] ([[Austria]])
# [[FernFH]] stands for [[Ferdinand Porsche FernFH]] ([[Germany]])
# [[FernUni Hagen]] stands for [[FernUniversität in Hagen]] ([[Germany]])
# [[FGV]] stands for Fundação Getúlio Vargas - see [[FGV Online]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[FILTER]] stands for [[Economic filtering of knowledge]]
# [[FSM]] stands for the [[Federated States of Micronesia]] (a country)
# [[FUNDP]] stands for [[Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[FUNIBER]] stands for [[Fundación Universitaria Iberoamericana]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[FUSL]] stands for [[Facultés universitaires Saint-Louis]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[FVU]] stands for [[Finnish Virtual University]]
# [[G-20]] stands for the [[:Category:G-20 countries|Group of Twenty countries]]
# [[G8]] stands for the [[:Category:G8 countries|Group of Eight countries]]
# [[GELI]] stands for [[Giant E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[GROE]] stands for the project [[Global Resources for Online Education]]
# [[Group T]] stands for [[Group T-International University College Leuven]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[GTCS]] stands for [[Georgia Technical College System]] ([[US]])
# [[GU8]] stands for [[Global U8 Consortium]]
# [[GUA]] stands for [[Global University Alliance]], but this phrase has multiple meanings
# [[GVTC]] stands for [[Georgia Virtual Technical College]] ([[US]])
# [[GVU]] stands for [[Global Virtual University]]
# [[HCMCOU]] stands for [[Ho Chi Minh City Open University]] ([[Vietnam]])
# [[HE]] stands for Higher Education (universities and similar institutions)
# [[HECS]] stands for the Higher Education Contribution Scheme, now replaced by the [http://www.ato.gov.au/individuals/pathway.asp?pc=001/002/008/007&mnu=998&mfp=001/002&cy=1 Higher Education Loan Programme] (HELP)
# [[HEFCE]] stands for ''Higher Education Funding Council for England'' ([[UK]])
# [[HEFCW]] stands for ''Higher Education Funding Council for Wales'' ([[UK]])
# [[HEI]] stands for ''Higher Education Institution''
# [[HELIOS]] stands for [[Horizontal E-Learning Integrated Observation System]]
# [[HERO]] stands for Higher Education and Research Opportunities ([[UK]])
# [[HES]] stands for [[Harvard University Extension School]] ([[US]])
# [[HESA]] stands for [[Higher Education South Africa]], an association of Rectors
# [[HETAC]] stands for the [[Higher Education and Training Awards Council]] ([[Ireland]])
# [[HFH]] stands for [[Hamburger Fern-Hochschule]] ([[Austria]])
# [[HFH]] stands for [[Hamburger Fern-Hochschule]] ([[Germany]])
# [[HiG]] stands for [[University of Gävle]] - Högskolan i Gävle ([[Sweden]])
# [[HKU]] stands for [[University of Hong Kong]]
# [[HKVU]] stands for [[Hong Kong Virtual University]]
# [[HKCyberU]] stands for the [[Hong Kong Cyber University]] at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University
# [[HNRTVU]] or [[Henan RTV]] stands for [[Henan Radio & TV University‎]] ([[China]])
# [[HOU]] (GR) stands for the [[Hellenic Open University]] ([[Greece]]) or:
# HOU (VT) [[Hanoi Open University]] ([[Vietnam]])
# [[Howest]] stands for [[University College West Flanders]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[HSUM]] stands for [[Health Sciences University of Mongolia]]
# [[HUBrussel]] stands for [[Hogeschool-Universiteit_Brussel]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[HUT]] used to be used for [[Helsinki University of Technology]] ([[Finland]]) but [[TKK]] (Teknillinen KorkeaKoulu) is preferred
# [[HW]] stands for [[Heriot-Watt University]]
# [[HYCU]] stands for [[Hanyang Cyber University]] ([[South Korea]])
# [[IAU]] stands for [[International Association of Universities]]
# [[IBA]] stands for [[International Business Academy]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[IBC]] stands for [[International Business College]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[ICDE]] stands for the [[International Council for Open and Distance Education]]
# [[ICDL]] stands for the former International Centre for Distance Learning (at [[UKOU]]) - the database is still available to subscribers
# [[ICETEL]] stands for [[Improving Continuing Education and Training through e-learning]]
# [[IDCE]] stands for the [[[Institute of Distance and Continuing Education]http://www.uog.edu.gy/schools/idce]]
# [[IEC]] stands for the [[Idaho Electronic Campus]]
# [[IGNOU]] stands for [[Indira Gandhi National Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[IHA]] stands for [[Engineering College of Aarhus]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[IHK]] stands for [[Copenhagen University College of Engineering]] ([[Denmark]])
# IIT stands for [[Indian Institute of Technology]] ([[India]]); or
# IIT stands for [[Institute of Information Technology]] ([[Vietnam]]) - see also [[IOIT]]
# [[ILCCO]] stands for [[Illinois Community Colleges Online]] ([[US]])
# [[IMRTVU]] stands for [[Inner Mongolia Radio & TV University]]
# [[IMS]] used to stand for Instructional Management System (the initials IMS are no longer an acronym)
# [[INQAAHE]] stands for [[International Network for Quality Assurance Agencies in Higher Education]]
# [[IOCCOC]] stands for [[Iowa Community College Online Consortium]] ([[US]])
# [[IOIT]] stands for [[Institute of Information Technology]] ([[Vietnam]]) - see also [[IIT]]
# [[IOU]] stands for [[Intercultural Open University]] (based in the [[Netherlands]])
# [[ISI]] stands for [[Independent Study in Idaho]] ([[US]])
# [[ITESM]] stands for ''Instituto Tecnologico Superior de Monterrey'' - see [[Tecnológico de Monterrey]] ([[Mexico]])
# [[ITIU]] stansd for [[Università telematica internazionale UNINETTUNO]]
# [[ITU]] stands for [[IT-University of Copenhagen]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[It-vest]] stands for [[IT University West]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[IU]] stands for [[Indiana University]] Online
# [[IUA]] stands for the [[Irish Universities Association]] ([[Ireland]]) (Republic)
# [[IVC]] stands for the [[Illinois Virtual Campus]] ([[US]])
# [[JANET]] stands for Joint Academic NETwork (alleged originally to be a name significant to one of the original developers) ([[UK]])
# [[JIU]] stands for [[Jones International University]]
# [[JKU]] stands for [[Johannes Kepler Universität Linz]] ([[Austria]])
# [[JPPSG]] stands for [[Joint Procurement Policy and Strategy Group]] ([[UK]] Higher Education)
# [[JSTVU]] stands for [[Jiangsu Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[KaHo Sint-Lieven]] stands for [[Katholieke Hogeschool Sint-Lieven]]/[[Catholic University College Ghent]]([[Belgium]])
# [[KHiS]] stands for [[Kommuner och Hogskolor i Samverkan]] ([[Sweden]])
# [[KHK]] stands for [[KH Kempen University College]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[KHLim]] stands for [[Limburg Catholic University College| Katholieke Hogeschool Limburg]] or [[Limburg Catholic University College]] in English ([[Belgium]])
# [[KIIB&M]] stands for [[Kuban Institute of International Business and Management]] ([[Russia]])
# [[KIU]] stands for [[Knowledge International University]] ([[Saudi Arabia]])
# [[KKHSOU]] stands for [[K. K. Handique State University]] or K. K. Handique State Open University ([[India]])
# [[KNOU]] stands for [[Korea National Open University]]
# [[KSF]] stands for [[Key success factor]]
# [[KSOU]] stands for [[Karnataka State Open University]]
# [[KTH]] stands for [[KTH Royal Institute of Technology]] ([[Sweden]])
# [[KU]] (DK) stands for [[University of Copenhagen]] ([[Denmark]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# KU (KE) stands for [[Kenyatta University]] ([[Kenya]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# KU (US) stands for [[Kaplan College]] or Kaplan University ([[US]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation)
# [[KYVC]] and [[KYVU]] stand for [[Kentucky Virtual University]] ([[US]])
# [[LATWF]] stands for the [[Learning and Technology World Forum]], a series of conferences held each January in London, [[UK]]
# [[LCUC]] stands for [[Limburg Catholic University College]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[LERU]] stands for [[League of European Research Universities]]
# [[LieDM]] or [[LIEDM]] stands for [[Lithuanian National Distance Education Network]]
# [[LIFE]] stands for [[Learning Interoperability Framework for Europe]]
# [[LiU]] stands for [[Linköping University]]
# [[LIVIUS]] stands for [[Learning in a Virtual Integrated University]]
# [[LSDA]] stands for the former Learning and Skills Development Agency ([[UK]]) - now split into [[LSN]] and [[QIA]]
# [[LTSC]] stands for Learning Technology Standards Committee (of IEEE)
# [[LU]] stands for [[Luxembourg]] (the country) or:
# LU (CA) stands for [[Lakehead University]] ([[Canada]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# LU (CA) stands for [[Laurentian University]] ([[Canada]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation)
# [[LVU]] stands for [[Lithuanian Virtual University]]
# [[MASSIVE]] stands for [[Modelling Advice and Support Services to Integrate Virtual Component in Higher Education]]
# [[MASTER]] stand for [[Mobility, Assessment, Selection, Technology and E-Learning Research]]
# [[MCO]] stands for [[Massachusetts Colleges Online]] ([[US]])
# [[MEDIU]] stands for [[Al-Madinah International University]] ([[Philippines]])
# [[MELI]] stands for [[Major E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[MENU]] stands for [[Model for a European Networked University for e-Learning]]
# [[MESI]] stands for [[Moscow State University of Economics, Statistics and Informatics]] ([[Russia]])
# [[MEXT]] stands for the [[Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology]] ([[Japan]])
# [[MIT]] stands for the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] ([[US]])
# [[MOO]] stands for Multi-User Dungeons, Object Oriented
# [[MPBOU]] stands for [[Madhya Pradesh Bhoj Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[MSU]] stands for [[Michigan State University]] ([[US]])
# [[MU]] stands for [[Masaryk University]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[MUS]] stands for [[Montana University System‎]] ([[US]])
# [[MUW]] stands for [[Medizinische Universität Wien]] ([[Austria]])
# [[MVHS]] stands for Michigan Virtual High School ([[US]]) - see [[Michigan Virtual University]]
# [[MVS]] stands for Michigan Virtual School ([[US]]) - see [[Michigan Virtual University]]
# [[MVU]] (US) stands for [[Michigan Virtual University]] ([[US]]) - or:
# MVU stands for [[Mediterranean Virtual University]], a consortium
# [[NADE]] (NO) stands for the [[Norwegian Association for Distance Education]] or:
# NADE (LT) stands for the [[National Association of Distance Education]] in [[Lithuania]]
# [[NAHE]] stands for the [[Swedish National Association for Higher Education]]
# [[NCSL]] stands for [[National College for School Leadership]] in the [[UK]]
# [[NCU]] stands for [[Northcentral University]] ([[US]])
# [[NDEC]] stands for the National Distance Education Centre of [[Ireland]] - see also [[Oscail]] in Irish
# [[NDMA]] stands for [[Nacionaline distancinio mokymo asociacija]], in English [[National Association of Distance Education]]
# [[NELI]] stands for [[Notable E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[NIME]] stands for the [[National Institute of Multimedia Education]] ([[Japan]])
# [[NJVU]] stands for [[New Jersey Virtual University]] ([[US]])
# [[NKI]] stands for [[NKI Distance Education]], the main distance learning provider in [[Norway]]
# [[NKS]] stands for [[NKS Nettstudier]], sometimes called [[NKS Distance Education]] ([[Norway]]) (to be carefully distinguished from [[NKI]])
# [[NMMU]] stands for [[Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[NOKUT]] stands for ''Nasjonalt organ for kvalitet i utdanningen'', the [[Norwegian Agency for Quality Assurance in Education]]
# [[NOU]] stands for [[Norway Opening Universities]], the innovation programme in e-learning for HE in [[Norway]] - or:
# [[NOU]] stands for [[National Open University]] of [[Taiwan]]
# [[NOUN]] stands for the [[National Open University of Nigeria]]
# [[NPTEL]] stands for [[National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning]] ([[India]])
# [[NQAI]] stands for the [[National Qualifications Authority of Ireland]]
# [[NREN]] stands for ''National Research and Education Network''
# [[NSHU]] stands for the [[Swedish Agency for Networks and Cooperation in Higher Education]], formerly called the Swedish Net University Agency - be careful to distinguish this from [[NHSU]], the [[NHS University]] of the [[UK]]
# [[NSOU]] stands for [[Netaji Subhas Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[NSU]] stands for [[Nova Southeastern University]] ([[US]])
# [[NTUU]] stands for [[National Technical University of Ukraine]]
# [[NUCCAT]] stands for ''Northern Universities Consortium for Credit Accumulation and Transfer''
# [[NUS]] stands for [[National University of Singapore]]
# [[NUST]] stands for [[National University of Science and Technology]] ([[Zimbabwe]])
# [[NUU]] stands for [[National University of Uzbekistan]]
# [[NVU]] stands for [[Norwegian Networked University]], an association in Norway
# [[NWPI]] stands for [[North-West State Correspondence Technical University]] ([[Russia]])
# [[NWU]] stands for [[North-West University]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[NZQA]] stands for the [[New Zealand Qualifications Authority]]
# [[OBHE]] stands for the [[Observatory on Borderless Higher Education]]
# [[ODLAA]] stands for the [[Open and distance learning association of Australia]]
# [[ODU]] stands for [[Old Dominion University]] ([[US]])
# [[OECD]] stands for Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
# [[OHO]] stands for [[Open Hoger Onderwijs]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[OISE]] stands for the [[Ontario Institute for Studies in Education]] - part of the [http://www.utoronto.ca/ University of Toronto] ([[Canada]])
# [[OKI]] stands for Open Knowledge Initiative
# [[OLA]] stands for [[Open Learning Agency]] (British Columbia) – to be closed. It could also stand for ''Open Learning Australia''.
# [[OLCOS]] stands for [[Open e-Learning Content Observatory Services]]
# [[OLF]] stands for [[Open Learning Foundation]] in the [[United Kingdom]]
# [[OLIF]] stands for the [[Online Learning Innovation Fund]] of the [[UK]]
# [[OPENU]] stands for [[Open University of Israel]] ([[Israel]]) - also [[OUI]]
# [[OPNZ]] stands for the [[Open Polytechnic of New Zealand]]
# [[ORMEE]] stands for [[Observatory on Rights Management for e-Learning in Europe]]
# [[OSU]] (CZ) stands for [[University of Ostrava]] ([[Czech Republic]]) - or:
# OSU (RU) [[Orenburg State University]] ([[Russia]])
# [[OTEN]] stands for [[Open Training and Education Network]] ([[Australia]])
# [[OU Libya]] stands for [[Open University of Libya]] ([[Libya]])
# [[OU]] is a common abbreviation for UK [[Open University]] - we try to use [[UKOU]] instead
# [[OUA]] stands for [[Open Universities Australia]] -- formerly ''Open Learning Australia''
# [[OUBS]] stands for [[Open University Business School in Denmark]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[OUC]] (CY) stands for [[Open University of Cyprus]] ([[Cyprus]]) or:
# OUC (US) stands for [[Online University Consortium]] ([[US]])
# [[OUHK]] stands for [[Open University of Hong Kong]]
# [[OUI]] stands for [[Open University of Israel]] - also, [[OPENU]]
# [[OUJ]] stands for the [[Open University of Japan]], formerly the [[University of the Air]]
# [[OUM]] stands for [[Open University of Malaysia]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[OUN]] stands for [[Open Universiteit Nederland]]
# [[OUNR]] stands for [[Open University National Role]] ([[UK]])
# [[OUS]] stands for the [[Open University of Sudan]]
# [[OUSL]] stands for the [[Open University of Sri Lanka]]
# [[OUT]] stands for the [[Open University of Tanzania]]
# [[OUWB]] stands for [[Ohio University Without Boundaries]], [[US]]
# [[P2PU]] stands for [[Peer 2 Peer University]], [[US]]
# [[PANdora]] stands for Pan Asia Networking distance and open resource access, a study project
# [[PBP-VC]] stands for [[Promoting Best Practice in Virtual Campuses]]
# [[PHL]] stands for [[PHL University College]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[PI]] stands for [[Greek Pedagogical Institute]]
# [[PLATO]] stands for [[ICT Platform for Online Learning and Experiences Accreditation in the Mobility Programme]]
# [[PLM-OU]] stands for [[Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila Open University]] ([[Philippines]])
# [[PnM]] or [[PNM]] stand for [[Pick&Mix]]
# [[PNU]] stands for [[Payame Noor University]] ([[Iran]])
# [[PolyU]] stands for [[Hong Kong Polytechnic University]]
# [[PPIU]] stands for [[Phnom Penh International University]] ([[Cambodia]])
# [[PROMETEUS]] stands for PROmoting Multimedia access to Education and Training in EUropean Society
# [[PRTVU]] stands for one of the provincial-level Radio & TV universities in [[China]]
# [[PSSOU]] stands [[Pt. Sunderlal Sharma Open University| Pandit Sunderlal Sharma Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[PSU]] stands for Pennsylvania State University ([[US]]) - see [[Penn State World Campus]]
# [[PUP OU]] stands for [[Polytechnic University of the Philippines]] Open University System ([[Philippines]])
# [[PUW]] stands for [[Polski Uniwersytet Wirtualny]], the [[Polish Virtual University]]
# [[QA]] stands for [[quality assurance]]
# [[QAA]] stands for Quality Assurance Agency (for Higher Education in the [[UK]])
# [[QCA]] stands for Qualifications and Curriculum Authority ([[UK]])
# [[QOU]] stands for [[Al-Quds Open University]] ([[Palestine]])
# [[QUADEM]] stands for [[Quality Assessment of Digital Educational Materials]]
# [[QUAL-E-LEARNING]] stands for [[La qualité de l'eLearning]]
# [[QUT]] stands for [[Queensland University of Technology]] ([[Australia]])
# [[REVE]] stands for [[REal Virtual Erasmus]]
# [[RIO]] stands for Reusable Information Object (as at Cisco)
# [[RLO]] stands for Reusable Learning Object (as at Cisco)
# [[RMIT]] stands for Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (former name for RMIT) ([[Australia]])
# [[RRU]] stands for [[Royal Roads University]] ([[Canada]])
# [[RUC]] stands for [[Roskilde University]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[SAIDE]] stands for [[South African Institute for Distance Education]]
# [[SAIDI]] stands for [[Southeast Asia Interdisciplinary Development Institute]] School of Organization Development ([[Philippines]])
# [[SCAD]] stands for [[Savannah College of Art and Design]] ([[US]])
# [[SCONUL]] stands for Society of College, National and University Libraries
# [[SCORM]] stands for Sharable Course (or Courseware or Content) Object Reference Model
# [[SCQF]] stands for [[Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework]] ([[UK]])
# [[SCRTVU]] stands for [[Sichuan Radio & TV University]] ([[China]]) - see also [[SRTVU]]
# [[SCU]] stands for [[Southern Cross University]] ([[Australia]])
# [[Scuola IaD]] stands for [[Scuola IaD| Scuola per l'Istruzione a Distanza]], University of Rome Tor Vergata ([[Italy]])
# [[SDU]] (DK) stands for [[University of Southern Denmark]] ([[Denmark]]) - or:
# SDU (KR) stands for [[Seoul Digital University]] ([[Korea]])
# [[SEAMOLEC]] stands for [[South Asian Minister of Education Organization Regional Open Learning Center]] ([[Indonesia]])
# [[SEEL]] stands for [[Supporting Excellence in eLearning]]
# [[SEEQUEL]] stands for [[Sustainable Environment for the Evaluation of Quality in eLearning]]
# [[SEFI]] stands for [[European Society for Engineering Education]]
# [[SEU]] stands for [[Southeast University]] ([[Bangladesh]])
# [[SFC]] stands for the [[Scottish Funding Council]] ([[UK]])
# [[SFEFC]] stood for the former ''Scottish Further Education Funding Council'', now part of the [[Scottish Funding Council]] ([[UK]])
# [[SFU]] stands for [[Simon Fraser University]], in Vancouver ([[Canada]])
# [[SHEFC]] stands for the former ''Scottish Higher Education Funding Council'', now part of the [[Scottish Funding Council]] ([[UK]])
# [[SHTVU]] stands for [[Shanghai TV University]] - see also [[STVU]]
# [[SHU]] stands for [[Sheffield Hallam University]] ([[UK]])
# [[SLN]] stands for [[SUNY Learning Network]] ([[US]])
# [[SPC]] stands for [[St. Petersburg College]] ([[US]])
# [[SREB]] stands for [[Southern Regional Electronic Board]] ([[Electronic Campus]])
# [[SRTVU]] stands for [[Sichuan Radio & TV University]] ([[China]]) - see also [[SCRTVU]]
# [[STOU]] stands for [[Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University]] ([[Thailand]])
# [[STVU]] stands for [[Shanghai TV University]] - see also [[SHTVU]]
# [[SUA]] stands for [[Sokoine University of Agriculture]] ([[Tanzania]])
# [[SURF]] stands for the Dutch educational network ([[Netherlands]])
# [[SURFnet]] stands for SURF network ([[Netherlands]])
# [[SVC]] stands for [[Swiss Virtual Campus]]
# [[SVU]] stands for [[Syrian Virtual University]]
# [[SXRTVU]] stands for [[Shaanxi Radio and Television University]] ([[China]])
# [[SYTVU]] stands for [[Shenyang Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[TDU]] stand for [[Thematic Digital Universities]] ([[France]])
# [[TechBC]] stand for the former [[Technical University of British Columbia]] ([[Canada]])
# [[TÉLUQ ]] (and various variants) stands for the [[Télé-université]] du Québec, now part of the [[Université du Québec à Montréal]] ([[UQAM]])
# [[TGOU]] stands for the [[The Global Open University of Zambia]]
# [[TJRTVU]] stands for [[Tianjin Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[TKK]] stands for [[Helsinki University of Technology]] ('''''T'''eknillinen '''k'''orkea'''k'''oulu'')
# [[TLTP]] stands for Teaching and Learning Technology Programme ([[UK]])
# [[TNOU]] stands for [[Tamil Nadu Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[TQEF]] stands for [[Teaching Quality Enhancement Fund]] ([[UK]])
# [[TRU]] stands for [[Thompson Rivers University]] ([[Canada]])
# [[TUT]] stands for [[Tallinn University of Technology]] ([[Estonia]]) or:
# TUT stands for [[Tshwane University of Technology]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[TVU]] stands for [[Tamil Virtual University]] ([[India]])
# [[U21]] stands for [[Universitas 21]]
# UAB (BR) stands for [[Universidade Aberta do Brasil]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[UAb]] (PT) stands for [[Universidade Aberta]], the [[Portuguese Open University]] ([[Portugal]])
# [[UAE]] stands for [[United Arab Emirates]] (the country)
# [[UArctic]] stands for [[University of the Arctic]]
# [[UB]] stands for [[University of Baltimore]] ([[US]])
# [[UC3M]] stands for [[University Carlos III of Madrid]]
# [[UCAS]] stands for Universities and Colleges Admissions System ([[UK]])
# [[UCC]] stands for [[University College Copenhagen]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCF]] stands for [[University of Central Florida]] ([[US]])
# [[UCISA]] stands for the Universities and Colleges Information Systems Association ([[UK]])
# [[UCJ]] stands for [[Jutland University College]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCL]] stand for [[University College London]] ([[UK]])
# [[UCM]] stands for [[Complutensian University of Madrid]]
# [[UCN]] stands for [[University College of Northern Denmark]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCOE]] stands for [[Ulyanovsk Consortium of Open Education]]
# [[UCOL]] stands for [[Universal College of Learning]] ([[New Zealand]])
# [[UCSC]] stands for [[University of Colombo School of Computing]] ([[Sri Lanka]])
# [[UCSJ]] stands for [[University College Sealand]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCSouth]] stands for [[University College South]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCT]] stands for [[University of Cape Town]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[UDIMA]] stands for [[Universidad a distancia de Madrid]], or Open University of Madrid ([[Spain]])
# [[UEF]] stands for the [[University of Eastern Finland]] ([[Finland]])
# [[Ufi]] (or sometimes [[UFI]]) stands for [[University for Industry]], who deliver [[learndirect]] ([[UK]])
# [[UFS]] stands for [[University of the Free State]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[UGent]] stands for [[Universiteit Gent]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[UH]] stands for [[University of Hawaii]] System ([[US]])
# [[UHI]] stands for [[University of the Highlands and Islands]] ([[Scotland]]) ([[UK]])
# [[UIS]] stands for [[University of Illinois Springfield]]
# [[UiTM]] stands for [[Universiti Teknologi MARA]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[UK]] stands for [[United Kingdom]] - see also the University of Kentucky ([[US]])
# [[UKeU]] is the [[UK e-University]], more properly called [[UK eUniversities Worldwide Limited]] ([[UK]])
# [[UKEU]] stands for [[UK eUniversities Worldwide Limited]], or the [[UK eUniversity]] ([[UK]])
# [[UKOLN]] stands for UK Office for Library and Information Networking ([[UK]])
# [[UKOU]] stands for UK [[Open University]] ([[UK]])
# [[ULB]] stands for [[Université Libre de Bruxelles]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[ULC]] stands for [[University College Lillebaelt]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[ULg]] stands for [[University of Liege]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[ULPGC]] stands for [[University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria]] ([[Canary Islands]]; [[Spain]])
#[[ULSTU]] stands for [[Ulyanovsk State Technical University]]
# [[UMCS]] stands for [[Maria Curie-Sklodowska University]]
# [[UMH]] stands for the [[Université de Mons-Hainaut]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[UMU]] stand for [[Umeå University]]
# [[UMUC]] stands for [[University of Maryland University College]] ([[US]])
# [[UNAD]] stands for [[Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia]] ([[Colombia]])
# [[UNAM]] stands for [[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]] ([[Mexico]])
# [[UnB]] stands for [[University of Brazil]] (Universidade de Brasilia) ([[Brazil]])
# [[UNE]] (AU) stands for [[University of New England]] ([[Australia]]) - or:
# UNE (US) stands for [[University of New England (US)]]
# [[UNED]] stands for [[Universidad Estatal a Distancia]] ([[Costa Rica]])
# [[UNED]] stands for [[Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UNESCO]] stands for the [[United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization]]
# [[UNIA]] stands for the [[International University of Andalusia]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UNIACC]] stands for [[Universidad de las Artes, Ciencias, y Comunicaciones]] ([[Chile]])
# [[Uniandes]] stands for [[University of the Andes]] ([[Colombia]])
# [[UNIEDPA]] stands for [[Universidad Estatal a Distancia]] ([[Panama]])
# [[UNINETT]] is the National Education and Research Network for [[Norway]]
# [[UNIOVI]] stands for [[University of Oviedo]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UNI-QM]] stands for [[European University Quality Management Tools for Lifelong Learning]]
# [[UniSA]] stands for [[University of South Australia]] ([[Australia]])
# [[UNISA]] stands for the [[UNISA Online Campus]] at the [[University of South Africa]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[UNISIM]] or [[UniSIM]] stands for [[SIM University]] ([[Singapore]])
# [[UNITAR]] stands for [[Universiti Tun Abdul Razak]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[UNIURB]] stands for [[University of Urbino "Carlo Bo"]] ([[Italy]])
# [[UNR]] stands for [[Universités numériques en région]] ([[France]])
# [[UNT]] stands for [[Universités Numériques Thématiques]] ([[France]])
# [[UOB]] stands for [[University of Bahrain]] ([[Bahrain]])
# [[UOC]] stands for [[Universitat Oberta de Catalunya]], the ''Open University of Catalonia'' ([[Spain]]
# [[UoL]] stands for [[University of London]]
# [[UoP]] stands for [[University of the People]] ([[US]])
# [[UOPX]] stands for [[University of Phoenix]] ([[US]])
# [[UOU]] stands for [[Uttarakhand Open University]] ([[India]] )
# [[UPC]] stands for [[Polytechnic University of Catalonia]]
# [[UPF]] stands for [[Pompeu Fabra University]]
# [[UPM]] stands for [[Universidad Politécnica de Madrid]], the [[Technical University of Madrid]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UPOU]] stands for [[University of the Philippines Open University]] ([[Philippines]])
# [[UPRTOU]] stands for [[U.P. Rajarshi Tandon Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[UPX]] stands for [[University of Phoenix]] ([[US]])
# [[URJC]] stands for [[Rey Juan Carlos University]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UQAM]] stands for the [[Université du Québec à Montréal]] ([[Canada]])
# [[USDLA]] stands for the [[United States Distance Learning Association]] ([[United States]])
# [[USM]] stands for [[Universiti Sains Malaysia]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[USOU]] stands for [[United States Open University]] ([[United States]])
# [[USP]] (BR) stands for the [[University of Sao Paulo]] ([[Brazil]]) or:
# [[USP]] (FJ) stands for the [[University of the South Pacific]] ([[Fiji]]) (online learning)
# [[USQ]] (AU) stands for [[University of Southern Queensland]] ([[Australia]])
# [[USV]] stands for [[Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava]] ([[Romania]])
# [[UAPA]] stands for [[Open University for Adults]] ([[Dominican Republic]])
# [[UT]] (NL) stands for [[University of Twente]] ([[Netherlands]]) - (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# [[UT]] (IN) stands for [[Universitas Terbuka]] ([[Indonesia]]) - (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# [[UT]] (EE) stands for [[University of Tartu]] ([[Estonia]]) - (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation)
# [[UT]] (en) stands for [[University of Texas]] ([[United States]])
# [[UTPL]] stands for [[Universidad Tecnica Particular de Loja]] ([[Ecuador]])
# [[UU]] stands for [[Uppsala University]]
# [[UUK]] stands for [[Universities UK]] ([[United Kingdom]])
# [[UvA]] stands for [[University of Amsterdam]]
# [[UVF]] stands for [[Université Virtuelle Francophone]] ([[Canada]])
# [[UVPL]] stands for [[Université Virtuelle en Pays de la Loire]] ([[France]])
# [[UVQ]] stands for [[Universidad Virtual de Quilmes]] ([[Argentina]])
# [[UVT]] stands for [[Université Virtuelle de Tunis]] ([[Tunisia]])
# [[UWI]] stands for [[University of the West Indies]]
# [[UWIDEC]] stands for [[University of the West Indies]] - Distance Education Centre
# [[UWO]] stands for [[University of Western Ontario]] ([[Canada]])
# [[UWS]] stands for [[University of the West of Scotland]] ([[UK]])
# [[VCSE]] stands for [[Virtual Campus for A Sustainable Europe]]
# [[VEBS]] stands for [[Virtual European Banking School]]
# [[VENUS]] stands for [[Virtual and E-mobility for Networking Universities in Society]]
# [[VFH]] stands for [[Hochschulverbund Virtuelle Fachhochschule]] ([[Germany]]))
# [[VGU]] stands for the [[Virtual Global University]]
# [[VHB]] stands for [[Bavarian Virtual University]] ([[Germany]])
# [[ViCaDiS]] stands for [[Virtual Campus for Digital Students]]
# [[VICTORIOUS]] stands for [[VIrtual Curricula ThrOugh Reliable InterOperating University Systems]]
# [[VIPA]] stands for [[VIrtual campus for virtual space design Provided for european Architects]]
# [[VirtUE]] stands for [[Virtual University for Europe]]
# [[VM-BASE]] stands for [[Virtual Mobility Before and After Student Exchanges]]
# [[VMOU]] stands for [[Vardhaman Mahaveer Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[VŠERS]] stands for [[College of European and Regional Studies]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[VSZDRAV]] stands for [[College of Nursing and Midwifery]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[VU]] stands for [[Pakistan Virtual University]] or Virtual University of Pakistan
# [[VUB]] stands for [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[VUSAT]] stands for [[Virtual University for the Semi-Arid Tropics]] ([[India]])
# [[VUSME]] stands for [[Virtual University for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises]]
# [[VUSSC]] stands for [[Virtual University for Small States of the Commonwealth]]
# [[VUT]] stands for [[Brno University of Technology]]
# [[W&K]] stands for [[Hogeschool voor Wetenschap & Kunst]] / [[University College for Sciences and Arts]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[WADEA]] stands for the [[West African Distance Education Association]]
# [[WCEL]] stands for [[Waikato Centre for eLearning]] ([[New Zealand]])
# [[WCET]] stands for Western Cooperative for Educational Telecommunications
# [[Webcampus]] of the [[Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix]] (FUNDP) ([[Belgium]])
# [[WGU]] stands for [[Western Governors University]] ([[US]])
# [[WHOLE]] stands for [[Web-based health Organisations Learning Environment]]
# [[WOU]] stands for [[Wawasan Open University]]
# [[WSEH]] stands for [[Academy of Humanities and Economics]]
# [[WTO]] stands for World Trade Organisation
# [[XML]] stands for Extensible Markup Language
# [[YCMOU]] stands for [[Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[YÖK]] stands for ''Yükseköğretim Kurulu'', the Turkish for [[Council of Higher Education (Turkey)]]
# [[YRTVU]] stands for [[Yunnan Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[ZFH]] stands for [[Zentralstelle für Fernstudien an Fachhochschulen]] ([[Germany]])
# [[ZFUW]] stands for [[Zentrum für Fernstudien und Universitäre Weiterbildung]] ([[Germany]])
# [[ZAOU]] stands for [[Zambian Open University]]
# [[ZOU]] stands for [[Zimbabwe Open University]]

----
> [[Programmes]]
 
>> [[Main Page]]

[[Category:Abbreviations| ]]

UT

2009-09-18T09:02:37Z

Gertjan: University of Texas added

== Disambiguation Page ==

UT may refer to either:

* [[University of Twente]] ([[Netherlands]])
* [[Universitas Terbuka]] ([[Indonesia]])
* [[University of Tartu]] ([[Estonia]])
* [[University of Texas]] ([[United States]])
----
> [[Abbreviations]]
 
>> [[Main Page]]

[[Category:Abbreviations]]
[[Category:Disambiguation pages]]

University of Texas

2009-09-18T09:01:37Z

Gertjan: abb added

{{stub}}
The '' University of Texas '' (UT) supports...


The institution’s main office is in Austin, [[United States]]. Other campuses...



The University of Texas web site is at http://www.utexas.edu







----
> [[United States]]

> [[Programmes]]

[[Category: United States]]
[[Category:Universities]]
[[Category:Colleges]]
[[Category: University colleges]]

University of Texas

2009-09-18T08:59:57Z

Gertjan: template added

{{stub}}
The '' University of Texas '' (UTexas) supports...


The institution’s main office is in Austin, [[United States]]. Other campuses...



The University of Texas web site is at http://www.utexas.edu







----
> [[United States]]

> [[Programmes]]

[[Category: United States]]
[[Category:Universities]]
[[Category:Colleges]]
[[Category: University colleges]]

Ukraine

2009-09-18T07:58:26Z

Gertjan: /* Universities in Ukraine */ university added

== Partners situated in Ukraine ==

== Ukraine in a nutshell ==



[[Image:Ukraine.gif|center|thumb|250px|Source : http://www.cia.gov]]

== Ukraine education policy ==

== Ukraine education system ==

== Higher education ==

=== Universities in Ukraine ===


#[[National Technical University of Ukraine]] 
#[[Lviv Polytechnic National University]]

=== Polytechnics in Ukraine ===

== Higher education reform ==

=== The Bologna Process ===



== Administration and finance ==

== Quality assurance ==

== Ukraine HEIs in the information society ==

=== Towards the information society ===

=== Information society strategy ===

== Virtual Campuses in HE ==

=== Interesting Virtual Campus Initiatives ===



=== Interesting Programmes ===

=== Re.ViCa Case-study ===

== Lessons learnt ==

== References ==



----
> [[Countries]]
 
>> [[Main Page]]

[[Category:Europe]]
[[Category:European former CIS]]
[[Category:Russian-speaking countries]]

Lviv Polytechnic National University

2009-09-18T07:57:14Z

Gertjan: template added

{{stub}}
The ''Lviv Polytechnic National University'' ('''Львівська політехніка Національний університет ''', LP) supports...


The institution’s main office is in Lviv, [[Ukraine]]. Other campuses...



The Lviv Polytechnic National University web site is at http://lp.edu.ua/







----
> [[Ukraine]]

> [[Programmes]]

[[Category: Ukraine]]
[[Category:Universities]]
[[Category:Colleges]]
[[Category: University colleges]]

Ukraine

2009-09-18T07:47:08Z

Gertjan: /* Universities in Ukraine */ NTUU added

== Partners situated in Ukraine ==

== Ukraine in a nutshell ==



[[Image:Ukraine.gif|center|thumb|250px|Source : http://www.cia.gov]]

== Ukraine education policy ==

== Ukraine education system ==

== Higher education ==

=== Universities in Ukraine ===


[[National Technical University of Ukraine]]

=== Polytechnics in Ukraine ===

== Higher education reform ==

=== The Bologna Process ===



== Administration and finance ==

== Quality assurance ==

== Ukraine HEIs in the information society ==

=== Towards the information society ===

=== Information society strategy ===

== Virtual Campuses in HE ==

=== Interesting Virtual Campus Initiatives ===



=== Interesting Programmes ===

=== Re.ViCa Case-study ===

== Lessons learnt ==

== References ==



----
> [[Countries]]
 
>> [[Main Page]]

[[Category:Europe]]
[[Category:European former CIS]]
[[Category:Russian-speaking countries]]

Abbreviations

2009-09-18T07:46:37Z

Gertjan: /* Abbreviations */ NTUU added

This is (to be) a full list of abbreviations for organisations and other activities of relevance to Re.ViCa.

A number of technical abbreviations are added - these do not link to Re.ViCa wiki pages. They are included as they are codes to avoid when creating or selecting codes for institutions and other entities.

Two-character codes are discouraged except when they are [[country codes]] but some are so common that we have been forced to adopt them.

Single-character codes are forbidden as they are used for various technical purposes.

'''Editors! Always check abbreviations first with Google and [http://www.acronymfinder.com/ Acronym finder]!'''

== Abbreviations ==
(other than 2-character country codes and 1-character codes for technical use)

The following list has been extracted from the list developed for [[The e-University Compendium]] and then further developed.

It is aimed to contain the standard abbreviations for all entities, institutions, programmes (especially [[MELI]]s etc) and projects of interest in the countries of most interest - plus for open/distance teaching universities across the world.

# [[AABSC]] stands for the [[Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business]]
# [[AAOU]] stands for the [[Asian Association of Open Universities]]
# [[AAU]] stands for [[Aalborg University]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[ABED]] stands for the [[Brazilian Association of Distance Education]]
# [[ACODE]] stands for [[Australasian Council on Open, Distance and E-Learning]]
# [[ACU]] stands for [[Association of Commonwealth Universities]] - see also [[Australian Catholic University]] and [[Abilene Christian University]] ([[US]])
# [[AIESAD]] stands for Asociación Iberoamericana de Educación Superior a Distancia, the [[Ibero-American Association of Distance Education Universities]]
# [[AIOU]] stands for the [[Allama Iqbal Open University]] ([[Pakistan]]) - see also
# AIOU stands for the [[Asia International Open University]] ([[Macao]])
# [[AIU]] stands for [[American InterContinental University]]
# [[AJU]] stands for [[Andrew Jackson University‎]] ([[US]])
# [[ALFA]] stands for [[América Latina - Formación Académica]], a programme of cooperation between higher education institutions of the European Union and Latin America
# [[ALT]] stands for [[Association for Learning Technology]], focussed on the [[UK]]
# [[AMBA]] stands for The Association of MBAs
# [[AmSU]] stands for [[Amur State University]] ([[Russia]])
# [[AMU]] stands for [[Academy of Performing Arts in Prague]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[ANCED]] stands for the [[Asociación Nacional de Centros de e-Learning y Distancia]] ([[Spain]])
# [[AOU]] stands for the [[Arab Open University]]
# [[APQN]] stands for [[Asia-Pacific Quality Network]]
# [[AQF]] stands for [[Australian Qualifications Framework]]
# [[ARIADNE]] stands for [[Alliance of Remote Instructional Authoring and Distribution Networks for Europe]]
# [[ARIEL]] stands for [[Analysing and Reporting the Implementation of Electronic Learning in Europe]]
# [[ASEAN]] stands for [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations]]
# [[ATN]] stands for [[Australian Technology Network]] (of universities)
# [[AU]] stands for [[Australia]] (the country) or:
# AU (DK) stands for [[Aarhus University]] ([[Denmark]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# AU (CA) stands for [[Athabasca University]] ([[Canada]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# AU stands for Ashford University ([[US]])
# [[AUCC]] stands for the [[Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada]]
# [[AUGent]] stands for [[Ghent University Association]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[AUHA]] stands for [[Associatie Universiteit & Hogescholen Antwerpen]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[AUHL]] stands for [[Associatie Universiteit-Hogescholen Limburg]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[AULP]] stands for [[Associação das Universidades de Língua Portuguesa]] ([[Association of Universities in the Language of Portuguese]])
# [[AUO]] stands for [[Ashford University Online]]
# [[AUQA]] stands for the [[Australian Universities Quality Agency]]
# [[AUT]] stands for [[Auckland University of Technology]] - no longer for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_University_Teachers Association of University Teachers] which does not exist now
# [[AUTH]] stands for [[Aristotle University of Thessaloniki]] ([[Greece]])
# [[AVU]] stands for [[African Virtual University]]
# [[AZUN]] stands for [[Arizona Universities Network]], [[US]]
# [[BAOU]] stands for [[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University]] ([[Turkey]])
# [[BAU]] stand for [[Al-Balqa' Applied University]] ([[Jordan]])
# [[BAWEST]] stands for [[Business Academy West]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[BBE]] stands for [[Business of Borderless Education]] (report)
# [[BCOU]] stands for [[British Columbia Open University]] (now absorbed into [[Thompson Rivers University]])
# [[Becta]] or formerly [[BECTa]] stands for [[British Educational Communications and Technology Agency]] ([[UK]]) but the long form is rarely used now
# [[BELNET]] stands for the [[Belgian Research and Education Network]]
# [[BFSU]] stands for [[Beijing Foreign Studies University]] ([[China]])
# [[BI]] stands for [[BI Norwegian School of Management]] - see also [[Burundi]], [[Africa]]
# [[BME]] stands for [[Budapest University of Technology and Economics]] ([[Hungary]])
# [[BMUKK]] stands for ''Bundesministerium für Unterricht, Kunst und Kultur''/ [[Federal_Ministry_for_Education%2C_Arts_and_Culture]] ([[Austria]])
# [[BMWF]] stands for ''Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung'' / [[Federal Ministry of Science and Research]] ([[Austria]])
# [[BNU]] stands for [[Beijing Normal University]] ([[China]])
# [[BOU]] stands for the [[Bangladesh Open University]]
# [[BRAOU]] stands for the [[Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[BSEC]] stands for [[Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation]]
# [[BTVU]] stands for [[Beijing Radio & TV University‎]] ([[China]])
# [[BVU]] stands for [[Bulgarian Virtual University]] or [[Best Virtual Universities Organisation]]
# [[CANARIE]] stands for [[Canadian Network for the Advancement of Research, Industry and Education]], the [[NREN]] in [[Canada]]
# [[CARADOL]] stands for the [[Caribbean Association for Distance and Open Learning]]
# [[CARET]] stands for the [[Centre for Applied Research in Educational Technologies at the University of Cambridge]]
# [[CBS]] stands for [[Copenhagen Business School]]
# [[CCC]] stands for [[Coastline Community College]] ([[US]])
# [[CCCOnline]] stands for [[Colorado Community Colleges Online]] ([[US]])
# [[CCDL]] stands for [[Cross Cultural Distance Learning]], an international consortium
# [[CCi]] stands for [[Corinthian Colleges]], Inc. ([[US]])
# [[CCRTVU]] stands for the [[China Central Radio & TV University]]
# [[CCSNH]] stands for [[Community College System of New Hampshire]] ([[US]])
# [[Cederj]] stands for [[Center for Distance Learning of the State of Rio de Janeiro]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[CELI]] stands for [[Ceased E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[CERNET]] stands for the [[China Education and Research Network]]
# [[CETIS]] stands for [[Centre for Educational Technology Interoperability Standards]] but the long form is rarely used now ([[UK]])
# [[CEVU]] stands for [[Collaborative European Virtual University]]
# [[CHEA]] stands for [[Council for Higher Education Accreditation]] (US) - agency
# [[CHEI]] stands for [[Council for Higher Education]] ([[Israel]])
# [[CHEMS]] stands for [[Commonwealth Higher Education Management Service]] - now ceased
# [[CICEI]] stands for Centro de Innovación para la Sociedad de la Información (Innovation Center for the Information Society) ([[Canary Islands]]; [[Spain]])
# [[CIFFAD]] stands for [[Consortium International Francophone de Formation a Distance]]
# [[CMEC]] stands for the [[Council of Ministers of Education, Canada]]
# [[CMU]] stands for [[Carnegie Mellon University]] ([[US]])
# [[CNAM]] stands for [[Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers]] ([[France]])
# [[CNAVES]] was the Portuguese agency for quality in higher education. It closed in 2007 and is now replaced by another body.
# [[CNED]] stands for [[Centre National d'Enseignement à Distance]]. In French the abbreviation is [[Cned]] ([[France]])
# [[CNFD]] stands for [[Campus Numérique Francophone de Dakar]] ([[Senegal]])
# [[COL]] stands for [[Commonwealth of Learning]] ([[Canada]])
# [[COME]] stands for [[Warsaw University Centre for Open and Multimedia Education]] ([[Poland]])
# [[CPLP]] stands for [[Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa]] ([[Community of Portuguese Language Countries]])
# [[CRTVU]] stands for [[China Central Radio & TV University]]
# [[CRUP]] stands for [[Conselho de Reitores das Universidades Portuguesas]] ([[Portugal]])
# [[CSF]] stands for [[Critical success factor]]
# [[CSU]] stands for [[Charles Sturt University]] ([[Australia]])
# [[CTDLC]] stands for [[Connecticut Distance Learning Consortium]] ([[US]])
# [[CTU]] stands for [[Czech Technical University in Prague]] ([[Czech Republic]]) - see also [[Colorado Technical University]] ([[US]])
# [[CU Online]] stands for [[Colorado University Online]] ([[US]])
# [[CU]] stands for [[Charles University]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# CU stands for [[Cyber University]] ([[Japan]])
# [[CUTV]] stands for [[Carleton University]] Television ([[Canada]])
# [[CVA-RICESU]] stands for [[Comunidade Virtual de Aprendizagem Rede de Instituições Católicas de Ensino Superior]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[CVC]] stands for [[California Virtual Campus]] ([[US]])
# [[CVG]] stands for [[Campus Virtuel en Gestion]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[CVU]] stands for [[Canadian Virtual University]]. It was also used in the past for [[Clyde Virtual University]].
# [[DBIS]] stands for the [[Department for Business, Innovation & Skills]] of the [[UK]], which oversees universities and colleges
# [[DCSF]] is the ''Department for Children, Schools and Families'' of the [[UK]]
# [[DCU]] stands for [[Dublin City University]] ([[Ireland]]) - the host of [[OSCAIL]]
# [[DDU]] stands for the [[Dutch Digital University]] (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation [[DU]] commonly used in [[Netherlands]])
# [[DEASA]] stands for the [[Distance Education Association of Southern Africa]]
# [[DEEWR]] is the ''Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations'' in [[Australia]]
# [[DELNI]] is the ''Department for Employment and Learning, [[Northern Ireland]]''
# [[DELOS]] stands for [[Developing a European e-learning Observation System]]
# [[DEST]] is a department now merged into [[DEEWR]]
# [[DETYA]] stood for ''Department of Education, Training and Youth Affairs'' ([[Australia]]), later called [[DEST]]
# [[DfEE]] stands for the former ''Department for Education and Employment'' of the [[UK]], a very old name for [[DfES]]
# [[DfES]] stands for the former ''Department for Education and Skills'' of the [[UK]], now split into [[DCSF]] and [[DIUS]]
# [[DFID]] stands for ''Department for International Development'' of the [[UK]]
# [[DCU]] stands for [[Daegu Cyber University]] ([[South Korea]])
# [[DGAU]] stands for [[Dennis Gabor Applied University]] ([[Hungary]])
# [[DISC]] stands for [[Distance and International Study Center]] ([[Germany]]) - a.k.a. [[ZFUW]]
# [[DIUS]] is the ''Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills'' of the [[UK]]
# [[DTU]] stands for [[Technical University of Denmark]]
# [[DVD]] stands for Digital Versatile Disk (no longer Digital Video Disk)
# [[DVU]] stands for [[Danish Virtual University]]
# [[E.A.S.Y.]] stands for [[Agency for Easy Access to Virtual Campus]]
# [[EADL]] stands for [[European Association for Distance Learning]]
# [[EADTU]] stands for the [[European Association of Distance Teaching Universities]]
# [[EBS]] stands for [[Estonian Business School Open University]]
# [[ECDVU]] stands for [[Early Childhood Development Virtual University]]
# [[eChina]] stands for the [[Sino-UK eLearning Programme]]
# [[ECTS]] stands for ''European Credit Transfer System'', sometimes called the ''European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System''
# [[EDEN]] stands for [[European Distance and E-Learning Network]]
# [[EDHEC]] stands for [[École De Hautes Études Commerciales du Nord]] ([[France]])
# [[EdiNet]] stands for [[E-learning in Distributed Data Network Laboratory]]
# [[eduGI]] stands for [[Reuse and Sharing of e-Learning Courses in GI Science Education]]
# [[EEA]] stands for the [[:Category:European Economic Area|European Economic Area]]
# [[EELU]] stands for [[Egyptian E-Learning University]]
# [[EeU]] stands for [[Estonian e-University]]
# [[EEZ]] stands for the [[European Economic Zone]] of [[EU]], [[EEA]] and [[Switzerland]]
# [[EFQM]] stands for European Foundation for Quality Management
# [[EhB]] stands for [[Erasmus University College Brussels]]
# [[ELDDA]] stands for e-Learning Digital Dashboard
# [[eLene-TT]] stands for [[e-Learning Network for Teacher Training]]
# [[e-LERU]] stands for [[League of European Research Universities virtual campus]]
# [[ELUE]] stands for [[Improving quality of e-learning in universities]]
# [[ELWA]] stood for ''Education and Learning [[Wales]]'' but is no longer used - see [[HEFCW]]
# [[EML]] stands for Educational Markup Language
# [[eMM]] and [[EMM]] stand for the e-Learning Maturity Model for benchmarking e-learning
# [[E-move]] stands for [[An Operational Conception of Virtual Mobility]]
# [[EMTC]] stands for [[E. mokymosi technologijų centras]], in English [[e-Learning Technology Centre at Kaunas University of Technology]]
# [[ENQA]] stands for the [[European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education]]
# [[EPICS]] stands for [[European Portal for International Courses and Services for Virtual Erasmus]]
# [[EQO]] stands for [[European Quality Observatory]]
# [[EQUEL]] stands for [[E-quality in e-learning research Laboratoire]]
# [[EQUIS]] stands for European Quality Improvement System
# [[eRNIST]] stands for [[European Research Network for ICT in Schools of Tomorrow]]
# [[ESC]] stands for [[Empire State College]] ([[US]])
# [[ESEN]] stands for [[European Small and medium entreprise E-learning Network]]
# [[ESP-T]] stands for [[English for Specific Purposes: Therapeutic Professions]]
# [[ESRC]] stands for [http://www.esrc.ac.uk Economic and Social Research Council] ([[UK]])
# [[ETT.Campus]] stands for [[European Teachers and Trainers campus]]
# [[e-Ttnet]] stands for [[Training of trainers network for e-learning]]
# [[EU]] stands for [[European Union]]
# [[e-U]] stands for the [[UK e-University]] (the one that became [[UKeU]])
# [[EUA]] stands for [[European University Association]]
# [[EUNITE]] stands for [[European Universities Network for IT in Education]]
# [[e-URBs]] stands for [[European Master in Comparative Urban Studies]]
# [[EUROMOVE]] stands for [[European Mobility through Virtual Education]]
# [[EuroPACE]] stands for [[European Professional Association for Collaboration in E-Learning]]
# [[EVENE]] stands for [[Erasmus Virtual Economics & Management Studies Exchange]]
# [[EVICAB]] stands for [[European Virtual Campus for Biomedical Engineering]]
# [[EWNI]] stands for [[England, Wales and Northern Ireland]] - the home nations of the [[UK]] other than [[Scotland]]
# [[FADE]] stands for the [[Finnish Association for Distance Education]]
# [[FATECE]] stands for [[Faculdade de Tecnologia, Ciências e Educação]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[FC]] stands for [[Fisheries College, Bac Ninh]] ([[Vietnam]])
# [[FCCJ]] stands for [[Florida Community College]] Jacksonville
# [[FE]] stands for [[Further Education]] (post-school, non-degree courses)
# [[Fe-ConE]] stands for [[Framework for e-learning Contents Evaluation]]
# [[FELI]] stands for [[Failed E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[FernFH]] stands for [[Ferdinand Porsche FernFH]] ([[Austria]])
# [[FernFH]] stands for [[Ferdinand Porsche FernFH]] ([[Germany]])
# [[FernUni Hagen]] stands for [[FernUniversität in Hagen]] ([[Germany]])
# [[FGV]] stands for Fundação Getúlio Vargas - see [[FGV Online]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[FILTER]] stands for [[Economic filtering of knowledge]]
# [[FSM]] stands for the [[Federated States of Micronesia]] (a country)
# [[FUNDP]] stands for [[Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[FUNIBER]] stands for [[Fundación Universitaria Iberoamericana]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[FUSL]] stands for [[Facultés universitaires Saint-Louis]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[FVU]] stands for [[Finnish Virtual University]]
# [[G-20]] stands for the [[:Category:G-20 countries|Group of Twenty countries]]
# [[G8]] stands for the [[:Category:G8 countries|Group of Eight countries]]
# [[GELI]] stands for [[Giant E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[GROE]] stands for the project [[Global Resources for Online Education]]
# [[Group T]] stands for [[Group T-International University College Leuven]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[GTCS]] stands for [[Georgia Technical College System]] ([[US]])
# [[GU8]] stands for [[Global U8 Consortium]]
# [[GUA]] stands for [[Global University Alliance]], but this phrase has multiple meanings
# [[GVTC]] stands for [[Georgia Virtual Technical College]] ([[US]])
# [[GVU]] stands for [[Global Virtual University]]
# [[HCMCOU]] stands for [[Ho Chi Minh City Open University]] ([[Vietnam]])
# [[HE]] stands for Higher Education (universities and similar institutions)
# [[HECS]] stands for the Higher Education Contribution Scheme, now replaced by the [http://www.ato.gov.au/individuals/pathway.asp?pc=001/002/008/007&mnu=998&mfp=001/002&cy=1 Higher Education Loan Programme] (HELP)
# [[HEFCE]] stands for ''Higher Education Funding Council for England'' ([[UK]])
# [[HEFCW]] stands for ''Higher Education Funding Council for Wales'' ([[UK]])
# [[HEI]] stands for ''Higher Education Institution''
# [[HELIOS]] stands for [[Horizontal E-Learning Integrated Observation System]]
# [[HERO]] stands for Higher Education and Research Opportunities ([[UK]])
# [[HES]] stands for [[Harvard University Extension School]] ([[US]])
# [[HESA]] stands for [[Higher Education South Africa]], an association of Rectors
# [[HETAC]] stands for the [[Higher Education and Training Awards Council]] ([[Ireland]])
# [[HFH]] stands for [[Hamburger Fern-Hochschule]] ([[Austria]])
# [[HFH]] stands for [[Hamburger Fern-Hochschule]] ([[Germany]])
# [[HiG]] stands for [[University of Gävle]] - Högskolan i Gävle ([[Sweden]])
# [[HKU]] stands for [[University of Hong Kong]]
# [[HKVU]] stands for [[Hong Kong Virtual University]]
# [[HKCyberU]] stands for the [[Hong Kong Cyber University]] at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University
# [[HNRTVU]] or [[Henan RTV]] stands for [[Henan Radio & TV University‎]] ([[China]])
# [[HOU]] (GR) stands for the [[Hellenic Open University]] ([[Greece]]) or:
# HOU (VT) [[Hanoi Open University]] ([[Vietnam]])
# [[Howest]] stands for [[University College West Flanders]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[HSUM]] stands for [[Health Sciences University of Mongolia]]
# [[HUBrussel]] stands for [[Hogeschool-Universiteit_Brussel]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[HUT]] used to be used for [[Helsinki University of Technology]] ([[Finland]]) but [[TKK]] (Teknillinen KorkeaKoulu) is preferred
# [[HW]] stands for [[Heriot-Watt University]]
# [[HYCU]] stands for [[Hanyang Cyber University]] ([[South Korea]])
# [[IAU]] stands for [[International Association of Universities]]
# [[IBA]] stands for [[International Business Academy]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[IBC]] stands for [[International Business College]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[ICDE]] stands for the [[International Council for Open and Distance Education]]
# [[ICDL]] stands for the former International Centre for Distance Learning (at [[UKOU]]) - the database is still available to subscribers
# [[ICETEL]] stands for [[Improving Continuing Education and Training through e-learning]]
# [[IDCE]] stands for the [[[Institute of Distance and Continuing Education]http://www.uog.edu.gy/schools/idce]]
# [[IEC]] stands for the [[Idaho Electronic Campus]]
# [[IGNOU]] stands for [[Indira Gandhi National Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[IHA]] stands for [[Engineering College of Aarhus]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[IHK]] stands for [[Copenhagen University College of Engineering]] ([[Denmark]])
# IIT stands for [[Indian Institute of Technology]] ([[India]]); or
# IIT stands for [[Institute of Information Technology]] ([[Vietnam]]) - see also [[IOIT]]
# [[ILCCO]] stands for [[Illinois Community Colleges Online]] ([[US]])
# [[IMRTVU]] stands for [[Inner Mongolia Radio & TV University]]
# [[IMS]] used to stand for Instructional Management System (the initials IMS are no longer an acronym)
# [[INQAAHE]] stands for [[International Network for Quality Assurance Agencies in Higher Education]]
# [[IOCCOC]] stands for [[Iowa Community College Online Consortium]] ([[US]])
# [[IOIT]] stands for [[Institute of Information Technology]] ([[Vietnam]]) - see also [[IIT]]
# [[IOU]] stands for [[Intercultural Open University]] (based in the [[Netherlands]])
# [[ISI]] stands for [[Independent Study in Idaho]] ([[US]])
# [[ITESM]] stands for ''Instituto Tecnologico Superior de Monterrey'' - see [[Tecnológico de Monterrey]] ([[Mexico]])
# [[ITIU]] stansd for [[Università telematica internazionale UNINETTUNO]]
# [[ITU]] stands for [[IT-University of Copenhagen]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[It-vest]] stands for [[IT University West]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[IU]] stands for [[Indiana University]] Online
# [[IUA]] stands for the [[Irish Universities Association]] ([[Ireland]]) (Republic)
# [[IVC]] stands for the [[Illinois Virtual Campus]] ([[US]])
# [[JANET]] stands for Joint Academic NETwork (alleged originally to be a name significant to one of the original developers) ([[UK]])
# [[JIU]] stands for [[Jones International University]]
# [[JKU]] stands for [[Johannes Kepler Universität Linz]] ([[Austria]])
# [[JPPSG]] stands for [[Joint Procurement Policy and Strategy Group]] ([[UK]] Higher Education)
# [[JSTVU]] stands for [[Jiangsu Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[KaHo Sint-Lieven]] stands for [[Katholieke Hogeschool Sint-Lieven]]/[[Catholic University College Ghent]]([[Belgium]])
# [[KHiS]] stands for [[Kommuner och Hogskolor i Samverkan]] ([[Sweden]])
# [[KHK]] stands for [[KH Kempen University College]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[KHLim]] stands for [[Limburg Catholic University College| Katholieke Hogeschool Limburg]] or [[Limburg Catholic University College]] in English ([[Belgium]])
# [[KIIB&M]] stands for [[Kuban Institute of International Business and Management]] ([[Russia]])
# [[KIU]] stands for [[Knowledge International University]] ([[Saudi Arabia]])
# [[KKHSOU]] stands for [[K. K. Handique State University]] or K. K. Handique State Open University ([[India]])
# [[KNOU]] stands for [[Korea National Open University]]
# [[KSF]] stands for [[Key success factor]]
# [[KSOU]] stands for [[Karnataka State Open University]]
# [[KTH]] stands for [[KTH Royal Institute of Technology]] ([[Sweden]])
# [[KU]] (DK) stands for [[University of Copenhagen]] ([[Denmark]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# KU (KE) stands for [[Kenyatta University]] ([[Kenya]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# KU (US) stands for [[Kaplan College]] or Kaplan University ([[US]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation)
# [[KYVC]] and [[KYVU]] stand for [[Kentucky Virtual University]] ([[US]])
# [[LATWF]] stands for the [[Learning and Technology World Forum]], a series of conferences held each January in London, [[UK]]
# [[LCUC]] stands for [[Limburg Catholic University College]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[LERU]] stands for [[League of European Research Universities]]
# [[LieDM]] or [[LIEDM]] stands for [[Lithuanian National Distance Education Network]]
# [[LIFE]] stands for [[Learning Interoperability Framework for Europe]]
# [[LiU]] stands for [[Linköping University]]
# [[LIVIUS]] stands for [[Learning in a Virtual Integrated University]]
# [[LSDA]] stands for the former Learning and Skills Development Agency ([[UK]]) - now split into [[LSN]] and [[QIA]]
# [[LTSC]] stands for Learning Technology Standards Committee (of IEEE)
# [[LU]] stands for [[Luxembourg]] (the country) or:
# LU (CA) stands for [[Lakehead University]] ([[Canada]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# LU (CA) stands for [[Laurentian University]] ([[Canada]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation)
# [[LVU]] stands for [[Lithuanian Virtual University]]
# [[MASSIVE]] stands for [[Modelling Advice and Support Services to Integrate Virtual Component in Higher Education]]
# [[MASTER]] stand for [[Mobility, Assessment, Selection, Technology and E-Learning Research]]
# [[MCO]] stands for [[Massachusetts Colleges Online]] ([[US]])
# [[MEDIU]] stands for [[Al-Madinah International University]] ([[Philippines]])
# [[MELI]] stands for [[Major E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[MENU]] stands for [[Model for a European Networked University for e-Learning]]
# [[MESI]] stands for [[Moscow State University of Economics, Statistics and Informatics]] ([[Russia]])
# [[MEXT]] stands for the [[Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology]] ([[Japan]])
# [[MIT]] stands for the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] ([[US]])
# [[MOO]] stands for Multi-User Dungeons, Object Oriented
# [[MPBOU]] stands for [[Madhya Pradesh Bhoj Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[MSU]] stands for [[Michigan State University]] ([[US]])
# [[MU]] stands for [[Masaryk University]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[MUS]] stands for [[Montana University System‎]] ([[US]])
# [[MUW]] stands for [[Medizinische Universität Wien]] ([[Austria]])
# [[MVHS]] stands for Michigan Virtual High School ([[US]]) - see [[Michigan Virtual University]]
# [[MVS]] stands for Michigan Virtual School ([[US]]) - see [[Michigan Virtual University]]
# [[MVU]] (US) stands for [[Michigan Virtual University]] ([[US]]) - or:
# MVU stands for [[Mediterranean Virtual University]], a consortium
# [[NADE]] (NO) stands for the [[Norwegian Association for Distance Education]] or:
# NADE (LT) stands for the [[National Association of Distance Education]] in [[Lithuania]]
# [[NAHE]] stands for the [[Swedish National Association for Higher Education]]
# [[NCSL]] stands for [[National College for School Leadership]] in the [[UK]]
# [[NCU]] stands for [[Northcentral University]] ([[US]])
# [[NDEC]] stands for the National Distance Education Centre of [[Ireland]] - see also [[Oscail]] in Irish
# [[NDMA]] stands for [[Nacionaline distancinio mokymo asociacija]], in English [[National Association of Distance Education]]
# [[NELI]] stands for [[Notable E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[NIME]] stands for the [[National Institute of Multimedia Education]] ([[Japan]])
# [[NJVU]] stands for [[New Jersey Virtual University]] ([[US]])
# [[NKI]] stands for [[NKI Distance Education]], the main distance learning provider in [[Norway]]
# [[NKS]] stands for [[NKS Nettstudier]], sometimes called [[NKS Distance Education]] ([[Norway]]) (to be carefully distinguished from [[NKI]])
# [[NMMU]] stands for [[Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[NOKUT]] stands for ''Nasjonalt organ for kvalitet i utdanningen'', the [[Norwegian Agency for Quality Assurance in Education]]
# [[NOU]] stands for [[Norway Opening Universities]], the innovation programme in e-learning for HE in [[Norway]] - or:
# [[NOU]] stands for [[National Open University]] of [[Taiwan]]
# [[NOUN]] stands for the [[National Open University of Nigeria]]
# [[NPTEL]] stands for [[National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning]] ([[India]])
# [[NQAI]] stands for the [[National Qualifications Authority of Ireland]]
# [[NREN]] stands for ''National Research and Education Network''
# [[NSHU]] stands for the [[Swedish Agency for Networks and Cooperation in Higher Education]], formerly called the Swedish Net University Agency - be careful to distinguish this from [[NHSU]], the [[NHS University]] of the [[UK]]
# [[NSOU]] stands for [[Netaji Subhas Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[NSU]] stands for [[Nova Southeastern University]] ([[US]])
# [[NTUU]] stands for [[National Technical University of Ukraine]]
# [[NUCCAT]] stands for ''Northern Universities Consortium for Credit Accumulation and Transfer''
# [[NUS]] stands for [[National University of Singapore]]
# [[NUST]] stands for [[National University of Science and Technology]] ([[Zimbabwe]])
# [[NUU]] stands for [[National University of Uzbekistan]]
# [[NVU]] stands for [[Norwegian Networked University]], an association in Norway
# [[NWPI]] stands for [[North-West State Correspondence Technical University]] ([[Russia]])
# [[NWU]] stands for [[North-West University]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[NZQA]] stands for the [[New Zealand Qualifications Authority]]
# [[OBHE]] stands for the [[Observatory on Borderless Higher Education]]
# [[ODLAA]] stands for the [[Open and distance learning association of Australia]]
# [[ODU]] stands for [[Old Dominion University]] ([[US]])
# [[OECD]] stands for Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
# [[OHO]] stands for [[Open Hoger Onderwijs]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[OISE]] stands for the [[Ontario Institute for Studies in Education]] - part of the [http://www.utoronto.ca/ University of Toronto] ([[Canada]])
# [[OKI]] stands for Open Knowledge Initiative
# [[OLA]] stands for [[Open Learning Agency]] (British Columbia) – to be closed. It could also stand for ''Open Learning Australia''.
# [[OLCOS]] stands for [[Open e-Learning Content Observatory Services]]
# [[OLF]] stands for [[Open Learning Foundation]] in the [[United Kingdom]]
# [[OLIF]] stands for the [[Online Learning Innovation Fund]] of the [[UK]]
# [[OPENU]] stands for [[Open University of Israel]] ([[Israel]]) - also [[OUI]]
# [[OPNZ]] stands for the [[Open Polytechnic of New Zealand]]
# [[ORMEE]] stands for [[Observatory on Rights Management for e-Learning in Europe]]
# [[OSU]] (CZ) stands for [[University of Ostrava]] ([[Czech Republic]]) - or:
# OSU (RU) [[Orenburg State University]] ([[Russia]])
# [[OTEN]] stands for [[Open Training and Education Network]] ([[Australia]])
# [[OU Libya]] stands for [[Open University of Libya]] ([[Libya]])
# [[OU]] is a common abbreviation for UK [[Open University]] - we try to use [[UKOU]] instead
# [[OUA]] stands for [[Open Universities Australia]] -- formerly ''Open Learning Australia''
# [[OUBS]] stands for [[Open University Business School in Denmark]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[OUC]] (CY) stands for [[Open University of Cyprus]] ([[Cyprus]]) or:
# OUC (US) stands for [[Online University Consortium]] ([[US]])
# [[OUHK]] stands for [[Open University of Hong Kong]]
# [[OUI]] stands for [[Open University of Israel]] - also, [[OPENU]]
# [[OUJ]] stands for the [[Open University of Japan]], formerly the [[University of the Air]]
# [[OUM]] stands for [[Open University of Malaysia]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[OUN]] stands for [[Open Universiteit Nederland]]
# [[OUNR]] stands for [[Open University National Role]] ([[UK]])
# [[OUS]] stands for the [[Open University of Sudan]]
# [[OUSL]] stands for the [[Open University of Sri Lanka]]
# [[OUT]] stands for the [[Open University of Tanzania]]
# [[OUWB]] stands for [[Ohio University Without Boundaries]], [[US]]
# [[P2PU]] stands for [[Peer 2 Peer University]], [[US]]
# [[PANdora]] stands for Pan Asia Networking distance and open resource access, a study project
# [[PBP-VC]] stands for [[Promoting Best Practice in Virtual Campuses]]
# [[PHL]] stands for [[PHL University College]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[PI]] stands for [[Greek Pedagogical Institute]]
# [[PLATO]] stands for [[ICT Platform for Online Learning and Experiences Accreditation in the Mobility Programme]]
# [[PLM-OU]] stands for [[Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila Open University]] ([[Philippines]])
# [[PnM]] or [[PNM]] stand for [[Pick&Mix]]
# [[PNU]] stands for [[Payame Noor University]] ([[Iran]])
# [[PolyU]] stands for [[Hong Kong Polytechnic University]]
# [[PPIU]] stands for [[Phnom Penh International University]] ([[Cambodia]])
# [[PROMETEUS]] stands for PROmoting Multimedia access to Education and Training in EUropean Society
# [[PRTVU]] stands for one of the provincial-level Radio & TV universities in [[China]]
# [[PSSOU]] stands [[Pt. Sunderlal Sharma Open University| Pandit Sunderlal Sharma Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[PSU]] stands for Pennsylvania State University ([[US]]) - see [[Penn State World Campus]]
# [[PUP OU]] stands for [[Polytechnic University of the Philippines]] Open University System ([[Philippines]])
# [[PUW]] stands for [[Polski Uniwersytet Wirtualny]], the [[Polish Virtual University]]
# [[QA]] stands for [[quality assurance]]
# [[QAA]] stands for Quality Assurance Agency (for Higher Education in the [[UK]])
# [[QCA]] stands for Qualifications and Curriculum Authority ([[UK]])
# [[QOU]] stands for [[Al-Quds Open University]] ([[Palestine]])
# [[QUADEM]] stands for [[Quality Assessment of Digital Educational Materials]]
# [[QUAL-E-LEARNING]] stands for [[La qualité de l'eLearning]]
# [[QUT]] stands for [[Queensland University of Technology]] ([[Australia]])
# [[REVE]] stands for [[REal Virtual Erasmus]]
# [[RIO]] stands for Reusable Information Object (as at Cisco)
# [[RLO]] stands for Reusable Learning Object (as at Cisco)
# [[RMIT]] stands for Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (former name for RMIT) ([[Australia]])
# [[RRU]] stands for [[Royal Roads University]] ([[Canada]])
# [[RUC]] stands for [[Roskilde University]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[SAIDE]] stands for [[South African Institute for Distance Education]]
# [[SAIDI]] stands for [[Southeast Asia Interdisciplinary Development Institute]] School of Organization Development ([[Philippines]])
# [[SCAD]] stands for [[Savannah College of Art and Design]] ([[US]])
# [[SCONUL]] stands for Society of College, National and University Libraries
# [[SCORM]] stands for Sharable Course (or Courseware or Content) Object Reference Model
# [[SCQF]] stands for [[Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework]] ([[UK]])
# [[SCRTVU]] stands for [[Sichuan Radio & TV University]] ([[China]]) - see also [[SRTVU]]
# [[SCU]] stands for [[Southern Cross University]] ([[Australia]])
# [[Scuola IaD]] stands for [[Scuola IaD| Scuola per l'Istruzione a Distanza]], University of Rome Tor Vergata ([[Italy]])
# [[SDU]] (DK) stands for [[University of Southern Denmark]] ([[Denmark]]) - or:
# SDU (KR) stands for [[Seoul Digital University]] ([[Korea]])
# [[SEAMOLEC]] stands for [[South Asian Minister of Education Organization Regional Open Learning Center]] ([[Indonesia]])
# [[SEEL]] stands for [[Supporting Excellence in eLearning]]
# [[SEEQUEL]] stands for [[Sustainable Environment for the Evaluation of Quality in eLearning]]
# [[SEFI]] stands for [[European Society for Engineering Education]]
# [[SEU]] stands for [[Southeast University]] ([[Bangladesh]])
# [[SFC]] stands for the [[Scottish Funding Council]] ([[UK]])
# [[SFEFC]] stood for the former ''Scottish Further Education Funding Council'', now part of the [[Scottish Funding Council]] ([[UK]])
# [[SFU]] stands for [[Simon Fraser University]], in Vancouver ([[Canada]])
# [[SHEFC]] stands for the former ''Scottish Higher Education Funding Council'', now part of the [[Scottish Funding Council]] ([[UK]])
# [[SHTVU]] stands for [[Shanghai TV University]] - see also [[STVU]]
# [[SHU]] stands for [[Sheffield Hallam University]] ([[UK]])
# [[SLN]] stands for [[SUNY Learning Network]] ([[US]])
# [[SPC]] stands for [[St. Petersburg College]] ([[US]])
# [[SREB]] stands for [[Southern Regional Electronic Board]] ([[Electronic Campus]])
# [[SRTVU]] stands for [[Sichuan Radio & TV University]] ([[China]]) - see also [[SCRTVU]]
# [[STOU]] stands for [[Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University]] ([[Thailand]])
# [[STVU]] stands for [[Shanghai TV University]] - see also [[SHTVU]]
# [[SUA]] stands for [[Sokoine University of Agriculture]] ([[Tanzania]])
# [[SURF]] stands for the Dutch educational network ([[Netherlands]])
# [[SURFnet]] stands for SURF network ([[Netherlands]])
# [[SVC]] stands for [[Swiss Virtual Campus]]
# [[SVU]] stands for [[Syrian Virtual University]]
# [[SXRTVU]] stands for [[Shaanxi Radio and Television University]] ([[China]])
# [[SYTVU]] stands for [[Shenyang Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[TDU]] stand for [[Thematic Digital Universities]] ([[France]])
# [[TechBC]] stand for the former [[Technical University of British Columbia]] ([[Canada]])
# [[TÉLUQ ]] (and various variants) stands for the [[Télé-université]] du Québec, now part of the [[Université du Québec à Montréal]] ([[UQAM]])
# [[TGOU]] stands for the [[The Global Open University of Zambia]]
# [[TJRTVU]] stands for [[Tianjin Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[TKK]] stands for [[Helsinki University of Technology]] ('''''T'''eknillinen '''k'''orkea'''k'''oulu'')
# [[TLTP]] stands for Teaching and Learning Technology Programme ([[UK]])
# [[TNOU]] stands for [[Tamil Nadu Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[TQEF]] stands for [[Teaching Quality Enhancement Fund]] ([[UK]])
# [[TRU]] stands for [[Thompson Rivers University]] ([[Canada]])
# [[TUT]] stands for [[Tallinn University of Technology]] ([[Estonia]]) or:
# TUT stands for [[Tshwane University of Technology]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[TVU]] stands for [[Tamil Virtual University]] ([[India]])
# [[U21]] stands for [[Universitas 21]]
# UAB (BR) stands for [[Universidade Aberta do Brasil]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[UAb]] (PT) stands for [[Universidade Aberta]], the [[Portuguese Open University]] ([[Portugal]])
# [[UAE]] stands for [[United Arab Emirates]] (the country)
# [[UArctic]] stands for [[University of the Arctic]]
# [[UB]] stands for [[University of Baltimore]] ([[US]])
# [[UC3M]] stands for [[University Carlos III of Madrid]]
# [[UCAS]] stands for Universities and Colleges Admissions System ([[UK]])
# [[UCC]] stands for [[University College Copenhagen]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCF]] stands for [[University of Central Florida]] ([[US]])
# [[UCISA]] stands for the Universities and Colleges Information Systems Association ([[UK]])
# [[UCJ]] stands for [[Jutland University College]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCL]] stand for [[University College London]] ([[UK]])
# [[UCM]] stands for [[Complutensian University of Madrid]]
# [[UCN]] stands for [[University College of Northern Denmark]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCOE]] stands for [[Ulyanovsk Consortium of Open Education]]
# [[UCOL]] stands for [[Universal College of Learning]] ([[New Zealand]])
# [[UCSC]] stands for [[University of Colombo School of Computing]] ([[Sri Lanka]])
# [[UCSJ]] stands for [[University College Sealand]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCSouth]] stands for [[University College South]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCT]] stands for [[University of Cape Town]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[UDIMA]] stands for [[Universidad a distancia de Madrid]], or Open University of Madrid ([[Spain]])
# [[UEF]] stands for the [[University of Eastern Finland]] ([[Finland]])
# [[Ufi]] (or sometimes [[UFI]]) stands for [[University for Industry]], who deliver [[learndirect]] ([[UK]])
# [[UFS]] stands for [[University of the Free State]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[UGent]] stands for [[Universiteit Gent]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[UH]] stands for [[University of Hawaii]] System ([[US]])
# [[UHI]] stands for [[University of the Highlands and Islands]] ([[Scotland]]) ([[UK]])
# [[UIS]] stands for [[University of Illinois Springfield]]
# [[UiTM]] stands for [[Universiti Teknologi MARA]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[UK]] stands for [[United Kingdom]] - see also the University of Kentucky ([[US]])
# [[UKeU]] is the [[UK e-University]], more properly called [[UK eUniversities Worldwide Limited]] ([[UK]])
# [[UKEU]] stands for [[UK eUniversities Worldwide Limited]], or the [[UK eUniversity]] ([[UK]])
# [[UKOLN]] stands for UK Office for Library and Information Networking ([[UK]])
# [[UKOU]] stands for UK [[Open University]] ([[UK]])
# [[ULB]] stands for [[Université Libre de Bruxelles]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[ULC]] stands for [[University College Lillebaelt]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[ULg]] stands for [[University of Liege]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[ULPGC]] stands for [[University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria]] ([[Canary Islands]]; [[Spain]])
#[[ULSTU]] stands for [[Ulyanovsk State Technical University]]
# [[UMCS]] stands for [[Maria Curie-Sklodowska University]]
# [[UMH]] stands for the [[Université de Mons-Hainaut]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[UMU]] stand for [[Umeå University]]
# [[UMUC]] stands for [[University of Maryland University College]] ([[US]])
# [[UNAD]] stands for [[Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia]] ([[Colombia]])
# [[UNAM]] stands for [[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]] ([[Mexico]])
# [[UnB]] stands for [[University of Brazil]] (Universidade de Brasilia) ([[Brazil]])
# [[UNE]] (AU) stands for [[University of New England]] ([[Australia]]) - or:
# UNE (US) stands for [[University of New England (US)]]
# [[UNED]] stands for [[Universidad Estatal a Distancia]] ([[Costa Rica]])
# [[UNED]] stands for [[Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UNESCO]] stands for the [[United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization]]
# [[UNIA]] stands for the [[International University of Andalusia]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UNIACC]] stands for [[Universidad de las Artes, Ciencias, y Comunicaciones]] ([[Chile]])
# [[Uniandes]] stands for [[University of the Andes]] ([[Colombia]])
# [[UNIEDPA]] stands for [[Universidad Estatal a Distancia]] ([[Panama]])
# [[UNINETT]] is the National Education and Research Network for [[Norway]]
# [[UNIOVI]] stands for [[University of Oviedo]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UNI-QM]] stands for [[European University Quality Management Tools for Lifelong Learning]]
# [[UniSA]] stands for [[University of South Australia]] ([[Australia]])
# [[UNISA]] stands for the [[UNISA Online Campus]] at the [[University of South Africa]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[UNISIM]] or [[UniSIM]] stands for [[SIM University]] ([[Singapore]])
# [[UNITAR]] stands for [[Universiti Tun Abdul Razak]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[UNIURB]] stands for [[University of Urbino "Carlo Bo"]] ([[Italy]])
# [[UNR]] stands for [[Universités numériques en région]] ([[France]])
# [[UNT]] stands for [[Universités Numériques Thématiques]] ([[France]])
# [[UOB]] stands for [[University of Bahrain]] ([[Bahrain]])
# [[UOC]] stands for [[Universitat Oberta de Catalunya]], the ''Open University of Catalonia'' ([[Spain]]
# [[UoL]] stands for [[University of London]]
# [[UoP]] stands for [[University of the People]] ([[US]])
# [[UOPX]] stands for [[University of Phoenix]] ([[US]])
# [[UOU]] stands for [[Uttarakhand Open University]] ([[India]] )
# [[UPC]] stands for [[Polytechnic University of Catalonia]]
# [[UPF]] stands for [[Pompeu Fabra University]]
# [[UPM]] stands for [[Universidad Politécnica de Madrid]], the [[Technical University of Madrid]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UPOU]] stands for [[University of the Philippines Open University]] ([[Philippines]])
# [[UPRTOU]] stands for [[U.P. Rajarshi Tandon Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[UPX]] stands for [[University of Phoenix]] ([[US]])
# [[URJC]] stands for [[Rey Juan Carlos University]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UQAM]] stands for the [[Université du Québec à Montréal]] ([[Canada]])
# [[USDLA]] stands for the [[United States Distance Learning Association]] ([[United States]])
# [[USM]] stands for [[Universiti Sains Malaysia]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[USOU]] stands for [[United States Open University]] ([[United States]])
# [[USP]] (BR) stands for the [[University of Sao Paulo]] ([[Brazil]]) or:
# [[USP]] (FJ) stands for the [[University of the South Pacific]] ([[Fiji]]) (online learning)
# [[USQ]] (AU) stands for [[University of Southern Queensland]] ([[Australia]])
# [[USV]] stands for [[Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava]] ([[Romania]])
# [[UAPA]] stands for [[Open University for Adults]] ([[Dominican Republic]])
# [[UT]] (NL) stands for [[University of Twente]] ([[Netherlands]]) - (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# [[UT]] (IN) stands for [[Universitas Terbuka]] ([[Indonesia]]) - (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# [[UT]] (EE) stands for [[University of Tartu]] ([[Estonia]]) - (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation)
# [[UTPL]] stands for [[Universidad Tecnica Particular de Loja]] ([[Ecuador]])
# [[UU]] stands for [[Uppsala University]]
# [[UUK]] stands for [[Universities UK]] ([[United Kingdom]])
# [[UvA]] stands for [[University of Amsterdam]]
# [[UVF]] stands for [[Université Virtuelle Francophone]] ([[Canada]])
# [[UVPL]] stands for [[Université Virtuelle en Pays de la Loire]] ([[France]])
# [[UVQ]] stands for [[Universidad Virtual de Quilmes]] ([[Argentina]])
# [[UVT]] stands for [[Université Virtuelle de Tunis]] ([[Tunisia]])
# [[UWI]] stands for [[University of the West Indies]]
# [[UWIDEC]] stands for [[University of the West Indies]] - Distance Education Centre
# [[UWO]] stands for [[University of Western Ontario]] ([[Canada]])
# [[UWS]] stands for [[University of the West of Scotland]] ([[UK]])
# [[VCSE]] stands for [[Virtual Campus for A Sustainable Europe]]
# [[VEBS]] stands for [[Virtual European Banking School]]
# [[VENUS]] stands for [[Virtual and E-mobility for Networking Universities in Society]]
# [[VFH]] stands for [[Hochschulverbund Virtuelle Fachhochschule]] ([[Germany]]))
# [[VGU]] stands for the [[Virtual Global University]]
# [[VHB]] stands for [[Bavarian Virtual University]] ([[Germany]])
# [[ViCaDiS]] stands for [[Virtual Campus for Digital Students]]
# [[VICTORIOUS]] stands for [[VIrtual Curricula ThrOugh Reliable InterOperating University Systems]]
# [[VIPA]] stands for [[VIrtual campus for virtual space design Provided for european Architects]]
# [[VirtUE]] stands for [[Virtual University for Europe]]
# [[VM-BASE]] stands for [[Virtual Mobility Before and After Student Exchanges]]
# [[VMOU]] stands for [[Vardhaman Mahaveer Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[VŠERS]] stands for [[College of European and Regional Studies]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[VSZDRAV]] stands for [[College of Nursing and Midwifery]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[VU]] stands for [[Pakistan Virtual University]] or Virtual University of Pakistan
# [[VUB]] stands for [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[VUSAT]] stands for [[Virtual University for the Semi-Arid Tropics]] ([[India]])
# [[VUSME]] stands for [[Virtual University for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises]]
# [[VUSSC]] stands for [[Virtual University for Small States of the Commonwealth]]
# [[VUT]] stands for [[Brno University of Technology]]
# [[W&K]] stands for [[Hogeschool voor Wetenschap & Kunst]] / [[University College for Sciences and Arts]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[WADEA]] stands for the [[West African Distance Education Association]]
# [[WCEL]] stands for [[Waikato Centre for eLearning]] ([[New Zealand]])
# [[WCET]] stands for Western Cooperative for Educational Telecommunications
# [[Webcampus]] of the [[Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix]] (FUNDP) ([[Belgium]])
# [[WGU]] stands for [[Western Governors University]] ([[US]])
# [[WHOLE]] stands for [[Web-based health Organisations Learning Environment]]
# [[WOU]] stands for [[Wawasan Open University]]
# [[WSEH]] stands for [[Academy of Humanities and Economics]]
# [[WTO]] stands for World Trade Organisation
# [[XML]] stands for Extensible Markup Language
# [[YCMOU]] stands for [[Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[YÖK]] stands for ''Yükseköğretim Kurulu'', the Turkish for [[Council of Higher Education (Turkey)]]
# [[YRTVU]] stands for [[Yunnan Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[ZFH]] stands for [[Zentralstelle für Fernstudien an Fachhochschulen]] ([[Germany]])
# [[ZFUW]] stands for [[Zentrum für Fernstudien und Universitäre Weiterbildung]] ([[Germany]])
# [[ZAOU]] stands for [[Zambian Open University]]
# [[ZOU]] stands for [[Zimbabwe Open University]]

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> [[Programmes]]
 
>> [[Main Page]]

[[Category:Abbreviations| ]]

NTUU

2009-09-18T07:42:57Z

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#REDIRECT [[National Technical University of Ukraine]]
[[Category:Abbreviations]]

National Technical University of Ukraine

2009-09-18T07:41:45Z

Gertjan: template added

{{stub}}
The '' National Technical University of Ukraine '' ('''Kyiv Polytechnic Institute''', KPI) supports...


The institution’s main office is in Kiev, [[Ukraine]]. Other campuses...



The National Technical University of Ukraine web site is at http://inter.kpi.ua/







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> [[Ukraine]]

> [[Programmes]]

[[Category: Ukraine]]
[[Category:Universities]]
[[Category:Colleges]]
[[Category: University colleges]]

Uzbekistan

2009-09-18T07:34:28Z

Gertjan: /* Universities in Uzbekistan */ university added

== Partners situated in Uzbekistan ==

== Uzbekistan in a nutshell ==
[[Image:Uzbekistan.gif|right|thumb|300px|Source : http://www.cia.gov]]


== Uzbekistan education policy ==

== Uzbekistan education system ==

== Higher education ==

=== Universities in Uzbekistan ===


[[National University of Uzbekistan ]]

=== Polytechnics in Uzbekistan ===

== Higher education reform ==

=== The Bologna Process ===



== Administration and finance ==

== Quality assurance ==

== Uzbekistan HEIs in the information society ==

=== Towards the information society ===

=== Information society strategy ===

== Virtual Campuses in HE ==

=== Interesting Virtual Campus Initiatives ===



=== Interesting Programmes ===

=== Re.ViCa Case-study ===

== Lessons learnt ==

== References ==



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> [[Countries]]
 
>> [[Main Page]]

[[Category:Asia]]

Abbreviations

2009-09-18T07:31:12Z

Gertjan: /* Abbreviations */ NUU added

This is (to be) a full list of abbreviations for organisations and other activities of relevance to Re.ViCa.

A number of technical abbreviations are added - these do not link to Re.ViCa wiki pages. They are included as they are codes to avoid when creating or selecting codes for institutions and other entities.

Two-character codes are discouraged except when they are [[country codes]] but some are so common that we have been forced to adopt them.

Single-character codes are forbidden as they are used for various technical purposes.

'''Editors! Always check abbreviations first with Google and [http://www.acronymfinder.com/ Acronym finder]!'''

== Abbreviations ==
(other than 2-character country codes and 1-character codes for technical use)

The following list has been extracted from the list developed for [[The e-University Compendium]] and then further developed.

It is aimed to contain the standard abbreviations for all entities, institutions, programmes (especially [[MELI]]s etc) and projects of interest in the countries of most interest - plus for open/distance teaching universities across the world.

# [[AABSC]] stands for the [[Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business]]
# [[AAOU]] stands for the [[Asian Association of Open Universities]]
# [[AAU]] stands for [[Aalborg University]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[ABED]] stands for the [[Brazilian Association of Distance Education]]
# [[ACODE]] stands for [[Australasian Council on Open, Distance and E-Learning]]
# [[ACU]] stands for [[Association of Commonwealth Universities]] - see also [[Australian Catholic University]] and [[Abilene Christian University]] ([[US]])
# [[AIESAD]] stands for Asociación Iberoamericana de Educación Superior a Distancia, the [[Ibero-American Association of Distance Education Universities]]
# [[AIOU]] stands for the [[Allama Iqbal Open University]] ([[Pakistan]]) - see also
# AIOU stands for the [[Asia International Open University]] ([[Macao]])
# [[AIU]] stands for [[American InterContinental University]]
# [[AJU]] stands for [[Andrew Jackson University‎]] ([[US]])
# [[ALFA]] stands for [[América Latina - Formación Académica]], a programme of cooperation between higher education institutions of the European Union and Latin America
# [[ALT]] stands for [[Association for Learning Technology]], focussed on the [[UK]]
# [[AMBA]] stands for The Association of MBAs
# [[AmSU]] stands for [[Amur State University]] ([[Russia]])
# [[AMU]] stands for [[Academy of Performing Arts in Prague]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[ANCED]] stands for the [[Asociación Nacional de Centros de e-Learning y Distancia]] ([[Spain]])
# [[AOU]] stands for the [[Arab Open University]]
# [[APQN]] stands for [[Asia-Pacific Quality Network]]
# [[AQF]] stands for [[Australian Qualifications Framework]]
# [[ARIADNE]] stands for [[Alliance of Remote Instructional Authoring and Distribution Networks for Europe]]
# [[ARIEL]] stands for [[Analysing and Reporting the Implementation of Electronic Learning in Europe]]
# [[ASEAN]] stands for [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations]]
# [[ATN]] stands for [[Australian Technology Network]] (of universities)
# [[AU]] stands for [[Australia]] (the country) or:
# AU (DK) stands for [[Aarhus University]] ([[Denmark]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# AU (CA) stands for [[Athabasca University]] ([[Canada]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# AU stands for Ashford University ([[US]])
# [[AUCC]] stands for the [[Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada]]
# [[AUGent]] stands for [[Ghent University Association]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[AUHA]] stands for [[Associatie Universiteit & Hogescholen Antwerpen]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[AUHL]] stands for [[Associatie Universiteit-Hogescholen Limburg]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[AULP]] stands for [[Associação das Universidades de Língua Portuguesa]] ([[Association of Universities in the Language of Portuguese]])
# [[AUO]] stands for [[Ashford University Online]]
# [[AUQA]] stands for the [[Australian Universities Quality Agency]]
# [[AUT]] stands for [[Auckland University of Technology]] - no longer for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_University_Teachers Association of University Teachers] which does not exist now
# [[AUTH]] stands for [[Aristotle University of Thessaloniki]] ([[Greece]])
# [[AVU]] stands for [[African Virtual University]]
# [[AZUN]] stands for [[Arizona Universities Network]], [[US]]
# [[BAOU]] stands for [[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University]] ([[Turkey]])
# [[BAU]] stand for [[Al-Balqa' Applied University]] ([[Jordan]])
# [[BAWEST]] stands for [[Business Academy West]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[BBE]] stands for [[Business of Borderless Education]] (report)
# [[BCOU]] stands for [[British Columbia Open University]] (now absorbed into [[Thompson Rivers University]])
# [[Becta]] or formerly [[BECTa]] stands for [[British Educational Communications and Technology Agency]] ([[UK]]) but the long form is rarely used now
# [[BELNET]] stands for the [[Belgian Research and Education Network]]
# [[BFSU]] stands for [[Beijing Foreign Studies University]] ([[China]])
# [[BI]] stands for [[BI Norwegian School of Management]] - see also [[Burundi]], [[Africa]]
# [[BME]] stands for [[Budapest University of Technology and Economics]] ([[Hungary]])
# [[BMUKK]] stands for ''Bundesministerium für Unterricht, Kunst und Kultur''/ [[Federal_Ministry_for_Education%2C_Arts_and_Culture]] ([[Austria]])
# [[BMWF]] stands for ''Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung'' / [[Federal Ministry of Science and Research]] ([[Austria]])
# [[BNU]] stands for [[Beijing Normal University]] ([[China]])
# [[BOU]] stands for the [[Bangladesh Open University]]
# [[BRAOU]] stands for the [[Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[BSEC]] stands for [[Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation]]
# [[BTVU]] stands for [[Beijing Radio & TV University‎]] ([[China]])
# [[BVU]] stands for [[Bulgarian Virtual University]] or [[Best Virtual Universities Organisation]]
# [[CANARIE]] stands for [[Canadian Network for the Advancement of Research, Industry and Education]], the [[NREN]] in [[Canada]]
# [[CARADOL]] stands for the [[Caribbean Association for Distance and Open Learning]]
# [[CARET]] stands for the [[Centre for Applied Research in Educational Technologies at the University of Cambridge]]
# [[CBS]] stands for [[Copenhagen Business School]]
# [[CCC]] stands for [[Coastline Community College]] ([[US]])
# [[CCCOnline]] stands for [[Colorado Community Colleges Online]] ([[US]])
# [[CCDL]] stands for [[Cross Cultural Distance Learning]], an international consortium
# [[CCi]] stands for [[Corinthian Colleges]], Inc. ([[US]])
# [[CCRTVU]] stands for the [[China Central Radio & TV University]]
# [[CCSNH]] stands for [[Community College System of New Hampshire]] ([[US]])
# [[Cederj]] stands for [[Center for Distance Learning of the State of Rio de Janeiro]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[CELI]] stands for [[Ceased E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[CERNET]] stands for the [[China Education and Research Network]]
# [[CETIS]] stands for [[Centre for Educational Technology Interoperability Standards]] but the long form is rarely used now ([[UK]])
# [[CEVU]] stands for [[Collaborative European Virtual University]]
# [[CHEA]] stands for [[Council for Higher Education Accreditation]] (US) - agency
# [[CHEI]] stands for [[Council for Higher Education]] ([[Israel]])
# [[CHEMS]] stands for [[Commonwealth Higher Education Management Service]] - now ceased
# [[CICEI]] stands for Centro de Innovación para la Sociedad de la Información (Innovation Center for the Information Society) ([[Canary Islands]]; [[Spain]])
# [[CIFFAD]] stands for [[Consortium International Francophone de Formation a Distance]]
# [[CMEC]] stands for the [[Council of Ministers of Education, Canada]]
# [[CMU]] stands for [[Carnegie Mellon University]] ([[US]])
# [[CNAM]] stands for [[Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers]] ([[France]])
# [[CNAVES]] was the Portuguese agency for quality in higher education. It closed in 2007 and is now replaced by another body.
# [[CNED]] stands for [[Centre National d'Enseignement à Distance]]. In French the abbreviation is [[Cned]] ([[France]])
# [[CNFD]] stands for [[Campus Numérique Francophone de Dakar]] ([[Senegal]])
# [[COL]] stands for [[Commonwealth of Learning]] ([[Canada]])
# [[COME]] stands for [[Warsaw University Centre for Open and Multimedia Education]] ([[Poland]])
# [[CPLP]] stands for [[Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa]] ([[Community of Portuguese Language Countries]])
# [[CRTVU]] stands for [[China Central Radio & TV University]]
# [[CRUP]] stands for [[Conselho de Reitores das Universidades Portuguesas]] ([[Portugal]])
# [[CSF]] stands for [[Critical success factor]]
# [[CSU]] stands for [[Charles Sturt University]] ([[Australia]])
# [[CTDLC]] stands for [[Connecticut Distance Learning Consortium]] ([[US]])
# [[CTU]] stands for [[Czech Technical University in Prague]] ([[Czech Republic]]) - see also [[Colorado Technical University]] ([[US]])
# [[CU Online]] stands for [[Colorado University Online]] ([[US]])
# [[CU]] stands for [[Charles University]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# CU stands for [[Cyber University]] ([[Japan]])
# [[CUTV]] stands for [[Carleton University]] Television ([[Canada]])
# [[CVA-RICESU]] stands for [[Comunidade Virtual de Aprendizagem Rede de Instituições Católicas de Ensino Superior]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[CVC]] stands for [[California Virtual Campus]] ([[US]])
# [[CVG]] stands for [[Campus Virtuel en Gestion]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[CVU]] stands for [[Canadian Virtual University]]. It was also used in the past for [[Clyde Virtual University]].
# [[DBIS]] stands for the [[Department for Business, Innovation & Skills]] of the [[UK]], which oversees universities and colleges
# [[DCSF]] is the ''Department for Children, Schools and Families'' of the [[UK]]
# [[DCU]] stands for [[Dublin City University]] ([[Ireland]]) - the host of [[OSCAIL]]
# [[DDU]] stands for the [[Dutch Digital University]] (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation [[DU]] commonly used in [[Netherlands]])
# [[DEASA]] stands for the [[Distance Education Association of Southern Africa]]
# [[DEEWR]] is the ''Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations'' in [[Australia]]
# [[DELNI]] is the ''Department for Employment and Learning, [[Northern Ireland]]''
# [[DELOS]] stands for [[Developing a European e-learning Observation System]]
# [[DEST]] is a department now merged into [[DEEWR]]
# [[DETYA]] stood for ''Department of Education, Training and Youth Affairs'' ([[Australia]]), later called [[DEST]]
# [[DfEE]] stands for the former ''Department for Education and Employment'' of the [[UK]], a very old name for [[DfES]]
# [[DfES]] stands for the former ''Department for Education and Skills'' of the [[UK]], now split into [[DCSF]] and [[DIUS]]
# [[DFID]] stands for ''Department for International Development'' of the [[UK]]
# [[DCU]] stands for [[Daegu Cyber University]] ([[South Korea]])
# [[DGAU]] stands for [[Dennis Gabor Applied University]] ([[Hungary]])
# [[DISC]] stands for [[Distance and International Study Center]] ([[Germany]]) - a.k.a. [[ZFUW]]
# [[DIUS]] is the ''Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills'' of the [[UK]]
# [[DTU]] stands for [[Technical University of Denmark]]
# [[DVD]] stands for Digital Versatile Disk (no longer Digital Video Disk)
# [[DVU]] stands for [[Danish Virtual University]]
# [[E.A.S.Y.]] stands for [[Agency for Easy Access to Virtual Campus]]
# [[EADL]] stands for [[European Association for Distance Learning]]
# [[EADTU]] stands for the [[European Association of Distance Teaching Universities]]
# [[EBS]] stands for [[Estonian Business School Open University]]
# [[ECDVU]] stands for [[Early Childhood Development Virtual University]]
# [[eChina]] stands for the [[Sino-UK eLearning Programme]]
# [[ECTS]] stands for ''European Credit Transfer System'', sometimes called the ''European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System''
# [[EDEN]] stands for [[European Distance and E-Learning Network]]
# [[EDHEC]] stands for [[École De Hautes Études Commerciales du Nord]] ([[France]])
# [[EdiNet]] stands for [[E-learning in Distributed Data Network Laboratory]]
# [[eduGI]] stands for [[Reuse and Sharing of e-Learning Courses in GI Science Education]]
# [[EEA]] stands for the [[:Category:European Economic Area|European Economic Area]]
# [[EELU]] stands for [[Egyptian E-Learning University]]
# [[EeU]] stands for [[Estonian e-University]]
# [[EEZ]] stands for the [[European Economic Zone]] of [[EU]], [[EEA]] and [[Switzerland]]
# [[EFQM]] stands for European Foundation for Quality Management
# [[EhB]] stands for [[Erasmus University College Brussels]]
# [[ELDDA]] stands for e-Learning Digital Dashboard
# [[eLene-TT]] stands for [[e-Learning Network for Teacher Training]]
# [[e-LERU]] stands for [[League of European Research Universities virtual campus]]
# [[ELUE]] stands for [[Improving quality of e-learning in universities]]
# [[ELWA]] stood for ''Education and Learning [[Wales]]'' but is no longer used - see [[HEFCW]]
# [[EML]] stands for Educational Markup Language
# [[eMM]] and [[EMM]] stand for the e-Learning Maturity Model for benchmarking e-learning
# [[E-move]] stands for [[An Operational Conception of Virtual Mobility]]
# [[EMTC]] stands for [[E. mokymosi technologijų centras]], in English [[e-Learning Technology Centre at Kaunas University of Technology]]
# [[ENQA]] stands for the [[European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education]]
# [[EPICS]] stands for [[European Portal for International Courses and Services for Virtual Erasmus]]
# [[EQO]] stands for [[European Quality Observatory]]
# [[EQUEL]] stands for [[E-quality in e-learning research Laboratoire]]
# [[EQUIS]] stands for European Quality Improvement System
# [[eRNIST]] stands for [[European Research Network for ICT in Schools of Tomorrow]]
# [[ESC]] stands for [[Empire State College]] ([[US]])
# [[ESEN]] stands for [[European Small and medium entreprise E-learning Network]]
# [[ESP-T]] stands for [[English for Specific Purposes: Therapeutic Professions]]
# [[ESRC]] stands for [http://www.esrc.ac.uk Economic and Social Research Council] ([[UK]])
# [[ETT.Campus]] stands for [[European Teachers and Trainers campus]]
# [[e-Ttnet]] stands for [[Training of trainers network for e-learning]]
# [[EU]] stands for [[European Union]]
# [[e-U]] stands for the [[UK e-University]] (the one that became [[UKeU]])
# [[EUA]] stands for [[European University Association]]
# [[EUNITE]] stands for [[European Universities Network for IT in Education]]
# [[e-URBs]] stands for [[European Master in Comparative Urban Studies]]
# [[EUROMOVE]] stands for [[European Mobility through Virtual Education]]
# [[EuroPACE]] stands for [[European Professional Association for Collaboration in E-Learning]]
# [[EVENE]] stands for [[Erasmus Virtual Economics & Management Studies Exchange]]
# [[EVICAB]] stands for [[European Virtual Campus for Biomedical Engineering]]
# [[EWNI]] stands for [[England, Wales and Northern Ireland]] - the home nations of the [[UK]] other than [[Scotland]]
# [[FADE]] stands for the [[Finnish Association for Distance Education]]
# [[FATECE]] stands for [[Faculdade de Tecnologia, Ciências e Educação]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[FC]] stands for [[Fisheries College, Bac Ninh]] ([[Vietnam]])
# [[FCCJ]] stands for [[Florida Community College]] Jacksonville
# [[FE]] stands for [[Further Education]] (post-school, non-degree courses)
# [[Fe-ConE]] stands for [[Framework for e-learning Contents Evaluation]]
# [[FELI]] stands for [[Failed E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[FernFH]] stands for [[Ferdinand Porsche FernFH]] ([[Austria]])
# [[FernFH]] stands for [[Ferdinand Porsche FernFH]] ([[Germany]])
# [[FernUni Hagen]] stands for [[FernUniversität in Hagen]] ([[Germany]])
# [[FGV]] stands for Fundação Getúlio Vargas - see [[FGV Online]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[FILTER]] stands for [[Economic filtering of knowledge]]
# [[FSM]] stands for the [[Federated States of Micronesia]] (a country)
# [[FUNDP]] stands for [[Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[FUNIBER]] stands for [[Fundación Universitaria Iberoamericana]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[FUSL]] stands for [[Facultés universitaires Saint-Louis]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[FVU]] stands for [[Finnish Virtual University]]
# [[G-20]] stands for the [[:Category:G-20 countries|Group of Twenty countries]]
# [[G8]] stands for the [[:Category:G8 countries|Group of Eight countries]]
# [[GELI]] stands for [[Giant E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[GROE]] stands for the project [[Global Resources for Online Education]]
# [[Group T]] stands for [[Group T-International University College Leuven]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[GTCS]] stands for [[Georgia Technical College System]] ([[US]])
# [[GU8]] stands for [[Global U8 Consortium]]
# [[GUA]] stands for [[Global University Alliance]], but this phrase has multiple meanings
# [[GVTC]] stands for [[Georgia Virtual Technical College]] ([[US]])
# [[GVU]] stands for [[Global Virtual University]]
# [[HCMCOU]] stands for [[Ho Chi Minh City Open University]] ([[Vietnam]])
# [[HE]] stands for Higher Education (universities and similar institutions)
# [[HECS]] stands for the Higher Education Contribution Scheme, now replaced by the [http://www.ato.gov.au/individuals/pathway.asp?pc=001/002/008/007&mnu=998&mfp=001/002&cy=1 Higher Education Loan Programme] (HELP)
# [[HEFCE]] stands for ''Higher Education Funding Council for England'' ([[UK]])
# [[HEFCW]] stands for ''Higher Education Funding Council for Wales'' ([[UK]])
# [[HEI]] stands for ''Higher Education Institution''
# [[HELIOS]] stands for [[Horizontal E-Learning Integrated Observation System]]
# [[HERO]] stands for Higher Education and Research Opportunities ([[UK]])
# [[HES]] stands for [[Harvard University Extension School]] ([[US]])
# [[HESA]] stands for [[Higher Education South Africa]], an association of Rectors
# [[HETAC]] stands for the [[Higher Education and Training Awards Council]] ([[Ireland]])
# [[HFH]] stands for [[Hamburger Fern-Hochschule]] ([[Austria]])
# [[HFH]] stands for [[Hamburger Fern-Hochschule]] ([[Germany]])
# [[HiG]] stands for [[University of Gävle]] - Högskolan i Gävle ([[Sweden]])
# [[HKU]] stands for [[University of Hong Kong]]
# [[HKVU]] stands for [[Hong Kong Virtual University]]
# [[HKCyberU]] stands for the [[Hong Kong Cyber University]] at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University
# [[HNRTVU]] or [[Henan RTV]] stands for [[Henan Radio & TV University‎]] ([[China]])
# [[HOU]] (GR) stands for the [[Hellenic Open University]] ([[Greece]]) or:
# HOU (VT) [[Hanoi Open University]] ([[Vietnam]])
# [[Howest]] stands for [[University College West Flanders]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[HSUM]] stands for [[Health Sciences University of Mongolia]]
# [[HUBrussel]] stands for [[Hogeschool-Universiteit_Brussel]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[HUT]] used to be used for [[Helsinki University of Technology]] ([[Finland]]) but [[TKK]] (Teknillinen KorkeaKoulu) is preferred
# [[HW]] stands for [[Heriot-Watt University]]
# [[HYCU]] stands for [[Hanyang Cyber University]] ([[South Korea]])
# [[IAU]] stands for [[International Association of Universities]]
# [[IBA]] stands for [[International Business Academy]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[IBC]] stands for [[International Business College]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[ICDE]] stands for the [[International Council for Open and Distance Education]]
# [[ICDL]] stands for the former International Centre for Distance Learning (at [[UKOU]]) - the database is still available to subscribers
# [[ICETEL]] stands for [[Improving Continuing Education and Training through e-learning]]
# [[IDCE]] stands for the [[[Institute of Distance and Continuing Education]http://www.uog.edu.gy/schools/idce]]
# [[IEC]] stands for the [[Idaho Electronic Campus]]
# [[IGNOU]] stands for [[Indira Gandhi National Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[IHA]] stands for [[Engineering College of Aarhus]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[IHK]] stands for [[Copenhagen University College of Engineering]] ([[Denmark]])
# IIT stands for [[Indian Institute of Technology]] ([[India]]); or
# IIT stands for [[Institute of Information Technology]] ([[Vietnam]]) - see also [[IOIT]]
# [[ILCCO]] stands for [[Illinois Community Colleges Online]] ([[US]])
# [[IMRTVU]] stands for [[Inner Mongolia Radio & TV University]]
# [[IMS]] used to stand for Instructional Management System (the initials IMS are no longer an acronym)
# [[INQAAHE]] stands for [[International Network for Quality Assurance Agencies in Higher Education]]
# [[IOCCOC]] stands for [[Iowa Community College Online Consortium]] ([[US]])
# [[IOIT]] stands for [[Institute of Information Technology]] ([[Vietnam]]) - see also [[IIT]]
# [[IOU]] stands for [[Intercultural Open University]] (based in the [[Netherlands]])
# [[ISI]] stands for [[Independent Study in Idaho]] ([[US]])
# [[ITESM]] stands for ''Instituto Tecnologico Superior de Monterrey'' - see [[Tecnológico de Monterrey]] ([[Mexico]])
# [[ITIU]] stansd for [[Università telematica internazionale UNINETTUNO]]
# [[ITU]] stands for [[IT-University of Copenhagen]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[It-vest]] stands for [[IT University West]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[IU]] stands for [[Indiana University]] Online
# [[IUA]] stands for the [[Irish Universities Association]] ([[Ireland]]) (Republic)
# [[IVC]] stands for the [[Illinois Virtual Campus]] ([[US]])
# [[JANET]] stands for Joint Academic NETwork (alleged originally to be a name significant to one of the original developers) ([[UK]])
# [[JIU]] stands for [[Jones International University]]
# [[JKU]] stands for [[Johannes Kepler Universität Linz]] ([[Austria]])
# [[JPPSG]] stands for [[Joint Procurement Policy and Strategy Group]] ([[UK]] Higher Education)
# [[JSTVU]] stands for [[Jiangsu Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[KaHo Sint-Lieven]] stands for [[Katholieke Hogeschool Sint-Lieven]]/[[Catholic University College Ghent]]([[Belgium]])
# [[KHiS]] stands for [[Kommuner och Hogskolor i Samverkan]] ([[Sweden]])
# [[KHK]] stands for [[KH Kempen University College]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[KHLim]] stands for [[Limburg Catholic University College| Katholieke Hogeschool Limburg]] or [[Limburg Catholic University College]] in English ([[Belgium]])
# [[KIIB&M]] stands for [[Kuban Institute of International Business and Management]] ([[Russia]])
# [[KIU]] stands for [[Knowledge International University]] ([[Saudi Arabia]])
# [[KKHSOU]] stands for [[K. K. Handique State University]] or K. K. Handique State Open University ([[India]])
# [[KNOU]] stands for [[Korea National Open University]]
# [[KSF]] stands for [[Key success factor]]
# [[KSOU]] stands for [[Karnataka State Open University]]
# [[KTH]] stands for [[KTH Royal Institute of Technology]] ([[Sweden]])
# [[KU]] (DK) stands for [[University of Copenhagen]] ([[Denmark]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# KU (KE) stands for [[Kenyatta University]] ([[Kenya]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# KU (US) stands for [[Kaplan College]] or Kaplan University ([[US]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation)
# [[KYVC]] and [[KYVU]] stand for [[Kentucky Virtual University]] ([[US]])
# [[LATWF]] stands for the [[Learning and Technology World Forum]], a series of conferences held each January in London, [[UK]]
# [[LCUC]] stands for [[Limburg Catholic University College]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[LERU]] stands for [[League of European Research Universities]]
# [[LieDM]] or [[LIEDM]] stands for [[Lithuanian National Distance Education Network]]
# [[LIFE]] stands for [[Learning Interoperability Framework for Europe]]
# [[LiU]] stands for [[Linköping University]]
# [[LIVIUS]] stands for [[Learning in a Virtual Integrated University]]
# [[LSDA]] stands for the former Learning and Skills Development Agency ([[UK]]) - now split into [[LSN]] and [[QIA]]
# [[LTSC]] stands for Learning Technology Standards Committee (of IEEE)
# [[LU]] stands for [[Luxembourg]] (the country) or:
# LU (CA) stands for [[Lakehead University]] ([[Canada]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# LU (CA) stands for [[Laurentian University]] ([[Canada]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation)
# [[LVU]] stands for [[Lithuanian Virtual University]]
# [[MASSIVE]] stands for [[Modelling Advice and Support Services to Integrate Virtual Component in Higher Education]]
# [[MASTER]] stand for [[Mobility, Assessment, Selection, Technology and E-Learning Research]]
# [[MCO]] stands for [[Massachusetts Colleges Online]] ([[US]])
# [[MEDIU]] stands for [[Al-Madinah International University]] ([[Philippines]])
# [[MELI]] stands for [[Major E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[MENU]] stands for [[Model for a European Networked University for e-Learning]]
# [[MESI]] stands for [[Moscow State University of Economics, Statistics and Informatics]] ([[Russia]])
# [[MEXT]] stands for the [[Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology]] ([[Japan]])
# [[MIT]] stands for the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] ([[US]])
# [[MOO]] stands for Multi-User Dungeons, Object Oriented
# [[MPBOU]] stands for [[Madhya Pradesh Bhoj Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[MSU]] stands for [[Michigan State University]] ([[US]])
# [[MU]] stands for [[Masaryk University]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[MUS]] stands for [[Montana University System‎]] ([[US]])
# [[MUW]] stands for [[Medizinische Universität Wien]] ([[Austria]])
# [[MVHS]] stands for Michigan Virtual High School ([[US]]) - see [[Michigan Virtual University]]
# [[MVS]] stands for Michigan Virtual School ([[US]]) - see [[Michigan Virtual University]]
# [[MVU]] (US) stands for [[Michigan Virtual University]] ([[US]]) - or:
# MVU stands for [[Mediterranean Virtual University]], a consortium
# [[NADE]] (NO) stands for the [[Norwegian Association for Distance Education]] or:
# NADE (LT) stands for the [[National Association of Distance Education]] in [[Lithuania]]
# [[NAHE]] stands for the [[Swedish National Association for Higher Education]]
# [[NCSL]] stands for [[National College for School Leadership]] in the [[UK]]
# [[NCU]] stands for [[Northcentral University]] ([[US]])
# [[NDEC]] stands for the National Distance Education Centre of [[Ireland]] - see also [[Oscail]] in Irish
# [[NDMA]] stands for [[Nacionaline distancinio mokymo asociacija]], in English [[National Association of Distance Education]]
# [[NELI]] stands for [[Notable E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[NIME]] stands for the [[National Institute of Multimedia Education]] ([[Japan]])
# [[NJVU]] stands for [[New Jersey Virtual University]] ([[US]])
# [[NKI]] stands for [[NKI Distance Education]], the main distance learning provider in [[Norway]]
# [[NKS]] stands for [[NKS Nettstudier]], sometimes called [[NKS Distance Education]] ([[Norway]]) (to be carefully distinguished from [[NKI]])
# [[NMMU]] stands for [[Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[NOKUT]] stands for ''Nasjonalt organ for kvalitet i utdanningen'', the [[Norwegian Agency for Quality Assurance in Education]]
# [[NOU]] stands for [[Norway Opening Universities]], the innovation programme in e-learning for HE in [[Norway]] - or:
# [[NOU]] stands for [[National Open University]] of [[Taiwan]]
# [[NOUN]] stands for the [[National Open University of Nigeria]]
# [[NPTEL]] stands for [[National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning]] ([[India]])
# [[NQAI]] stands for the [[National Qualifications Authority of Ireland]]
# [[NREN]] stands for ''National Research and Education Network''
# [[NSHU]] stands for the [[Swedish Agency for Networks and Cooperation in Higher Education]], formerly called the Swedish Net University Agency - be careful to distinguish this from [[NHSU]], the [[NHS University]] of the [[UK]]
# [[NSOU]] stands for [[Netaji Subhas Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[NSU]] stands for [[Nova Southeastern University]] ([[US]])
# [[NUCCAT]] stands for ''Northern Universities Consortium for Credit Accumulation and Transfer''
# [[NUS]] stands for [[National University of Singapore]]
# [[NUST]] stands for [[National University of Science and Technology]] ([[Zimbabwe]])
# [[NUU]] stands for [[National University of Uzbekistan]]
# [[NVU]] stands for [[Norwegian Networked University]], an association in Norway
# [[NWPI]] stands for [[North-West State Correspondence Technical University]] ([[Russia]])
# [[NWU]] stands for [[North-West University]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[NZQA]] stands for the [[New Zealand Qualifications Authority]]
# [[OBHE]] stands for the [[Observatory on Borderless Higher Education]]
# [[ODLAA]] stands for the [[Open and distance learning association of Australia]]
# [[ODU]] stands for [[Old Dominion University]] ([[US]])
# [[OECD]] stands for Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
# [[OHO]] stands for [[Open Hoger Onderwijs]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[OISE]] stands for the [[Ontario Institute for Studies in Education]] - part of the [http://www.utoronto.ca/ University of Toronto] ([[Canada]])
# [[OKI]] stands for Open Knowledge Initiative
# [[OLA]] stands for [[Open Learning Agency]] (British Columbia) – to be closed. It could also stand for ''Open Learning Australia''.
# [[OLCOS]] stands for [[Open e-Learning Content Observatory Services]]
# [[OLF]] stands for [[Open Learning Foundation]] in the [[United Kingdom]]
# [[OLIF]] stands for the [[Online Learning Innovation Fund]] of the [[UK]]
# [[OPENU]] stands for [[Open University of Israel]] ([[Israel]]) - also [[OUI]]
# [[OPNZ]] stands for the [[Open Polytechnic of New Zealand]]
# [[ORMEE]] stands for [[Observatory on Rights Management for e-Learning in Europe]]
# [[OSU]] (CZ) stands for [[University of Ostrava]] ([[Czech Republic]]) - or:
# OSU (RU) [[Orenburg State University]] ([[Russia]])
# [[OTEN]] stands for [[Open Training and Education Network]] ([[Australia]])
# [[OU Libya]] stands for [[Open University of Libya]] ([[Libya]])
# [[OU]] is a common abbreviation for UK [[Open University]] - we try to use [[UKOU]] instead
# [[OUA]] stands for [[Open Universities Australia]] -- formerly ''Open Learning Australia''
# [[OUBS]] stands for [[Open University Business School in Denmark]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[OUC]] (CY) stands for [[Open University of Cyprus]] ([[Cyprus]]) or:
# OUC (US) stands for [[Online University Consortium]] ([[US]])
# [[OUHK]] stands for [[Open University of Hong Kong]]
# [[OUI]] stands for [[Open University of Israel]] - also, [[OPENU]]
# [[OUJ]] stands for the [[Open University of Japan]], formerly the [[University of the Air]]
# [[OUM]] stands for [[Open University of Malaysia]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[OUN]] stands for [[Open Universiteit Nederland]]
# [[OUNR]] stands for [[Open University National Role]] ([[UK]])
# [[OUS]] stands for the [[Open University of Sudan]]
# [[OUSL]] stands for the [[Open University of Sri Lanka]]
# [[OUT]] stands for the [[Open University of Tanzania]]
# [[OUWB]] stands for [[Ohio University Without Boundaries]], [[US]]
# [[P2PU]] stands for [[Peer 2 Peer University]], [[US]]
# [[PANdora]] stands for Pan Asia Networking distance and open resource access, a study project
# [[PBP-VC]] stands for [[Promoting Best Practice in Virtual Campuses]]
# [[PHL]] stands for [[PHL University College]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[PI]] stands for [[Greek Pedagogical Institute]]
# [[PLATO]] stands for [[ICT Platform for Online Learning and Experiences Accreditation in the Mobility Programme]]
# [[PLM-OU]] stands for [[Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila Open University]] ([[Philippines]])
# [[PnM]] or [[PNM]] stand for [[Pick&Mix]]
# [[PNU]] stands for [[Payame Noor University]] ([[Iran]])
# [[PolyU]] stands for [[Hong Kong Polytechnic University]]
# [[PPIU]] stands for [[Phnom Penh International University]] ([[Cambodia]])
# [[PROMETEUS]] stands for PROmoting Multimedia access to Education and Training in EUropean Society
# [[PRTVU]] stands for one of the provincial-level Radio & TV universities in [[China]]
# [[PSSOU]] stands [[Pt. Sunderlal Sharma Open University| Pandit Sunderlal Sharma Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[PSU]] stands for Pennsylvania State University ([[US]]) - see [[Penn State World Campus]]
# [[PUP OU]] stands for [[Polytechnic University of the Philippines]] Open University System ([[Philippines]])
# [[PUW]] stands for [[Polski Uniwersytet Wirtualny]], the [[Polish Virtual University]]
# [[QA]] stands for [[quality assurance]]
# [[QAA]] stands for Quality Assurance Agency (for Higher Education in the [[UK]])
# [[QCA]] stands for Qualifications and Curriculum Authority ([[UK]])
# [[QOU]] stands for [[Al-Quds Open University]] ([[Palestine]])
# [[QUADEM]] stands for [[Quality Assessment of Digital Educational Materials]]
# [[QUAL-E-LEARNING]] stands for [[La qualité de l'eLearning]]
# [[QUT]] stands for [[Queensland University of Technology]] ([[Australia]])
# [[REVE]] stands for [[REal Virtual Erasmus]]
# [[RIO]] stands for Reusable Information Object (as at Cisco)
# [[RLO]] stands for Reusable Learning Object (as at Cisco)
# [[RMIT]] stands for Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (former name for RMIT) ([[Australia]])
# [[RRU]] stands for [[Royal Roads University]] ([[Canada]])
# [[RUC]] stands for [[Roskilde University]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[SAIDE]] stands for [[South African Institute for Distance Education]]
# [[SAIDI]] stands for [[Southeast Asia Interdisciplinary Development Institute]] School of Organization Development ([[Philippines]])
# [[SCAD]] stands for [[Savannah College of Art and Design]] ([[US]])
# [[SCONUL]] stands for Society of College, National and University Libraries
# [[SCORM]] stands for Sharable Course (or Courseware or Content) Object Reference Model
# [[SCQF]] stands for [[Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework]] ([[UK]])
# [[SCRTVU]] stands for [[Sichuan Radio & TV University]] ([[China]]) - see also [[SRTVU]]
# [[SCU]] stands for [[Southern Cross University]] ([[Australia]])
# [[Scuola IaD]] stands for [[Scuola IaD| Scuola per l'Istruzione a Distanza]], University of Rome Tor Vergata ([[Italy]])
# [[SDU]] (DK) stands for [[University of Southern Denmark]] ([[Denmark]]) - or:
# SDU (KR) stands for [[Seoul Digital University]] ([[Korea]])
# [[SEAMOLEC]] stands for [[South Asian Minister of Education Organization Regional Open Learning Center]] ([[Indonesia]])
# [[SEEL]] stands for [[Supporting Excellence in eLearning]]
# [[SEEQUEL]] stands for [[Sustainable Environment for the Evaluation of Quality in eLearning]]
# [[SEFI]] stands for [[European Society for Engineering Education]]
# [[SEU]] stands for [[Southeast University]] ([[Bangladesh]])
# [[SFC]] stands for the [[Scottish Funding Council]] ([[UK]])
# [[SFEFC]] stood for the former ''Scottish Further Education Funding Council'', now part of the [[Scottish Funding Council]] ([[UK]])
# [[SFU]] stands for [[Simon Fraser University]], in Vancouver ([[Canada]])
# [[SHEFC]] stands for the former ''Scottish Higher Education Funding Council'', now part of the [[Scottish Funding Council]] ([[UK]])
# [[SHTVU]] stands for [[Shanghai TV University]] - see also [[STVU]]
# [[SHU]] stands for [[Sheffield Hallam University]] ([[UK]])
# [[SLN]] stands for [[SUNY Learning Network]] ([[US]])
# [[SPC]] stands for [[St. Petersburg College]] ([[US]])
# [[SREB]] stands for [[Southern Regional Electronic Board]] ([[Electronic Campus]])
# [[SRTVU]] stands for [[Sichuan Radio & TV University]] ([[China]]) - see also [[SCRTVU]]
# [[STOU]] stands for [[Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University]] ([[Thailand]])
# [[STVU]] stands for [[Shanghai TV University]] - see also [[SHTVU]]
# [[SUA]] stands for [[Sokoine University of Agriculture]] ([[Tanzania]])
# [[SURF]] stands for the Dutch educational network ([[Netherlands]])
# [[SURFnet]] stands for SURF network ([[Netherlands]])
# [[SVC]] stands for [[Swiss Virtual Campus]]
# [[SVU]] stands for [[Syrian Virtual University]]
# [[SXRTVU]] stands for [[Shaanxi Radio and Television University]] ([[China]])
# [[SYTVU]] stands for [[Shenyang Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[TDU]] stand for [[Thematic Digital Universities]] ([[France]])
# [[TechBC]] stand for the former [[Technical University of British Columbia]] ([[Canada]])
# [[TÉLUQ ]] (and various variants) stands for the [[Télé-université]] du Québec, now part of the [[Université du Québec à Montréal]] ([[UQAM]])
# [[TGOU]] stands for the [[The Global Open University of Zambia]]
# [[TJRTVU]] stands for [[Tianjin Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[TKK]] stands for [[Helsinki University of Technology]] ('''''T'''eknillinen '''k'''orkea'''k'''oulu'')
# [[TLTP]] stands for Teaching and Learning Technology Programme ([[UK]])
# [[TNOU]] stands for [[Tamil Nadu Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[TQEF]] stands for [[Teaching Quality Enhancement Fund]] ([[UK]])
# [[TRU]] stands for [[Thompson Rivers University]] ([[Canada]])
# [[TUT]] stands for [[Tallinn University of Technology]] ([[Estonia]]) or:
# TUT stands for [[Tshwane University of Technology]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[TVU]] stands for [[Tamil Virtual University]] ([[India]])
# [[U21]] stands for [[Universitas 21]]
# UAB (BR) stands for [[Universidade Aberta do Brasil]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[UAb]] (PT) stands for [[Universidade Aberta]], the [[Portuguese Open University]] ([[Portugal]])
# [[UAE]] stands for [[United Arab Emirates]] (the country)
# [[UArctic]] stands for [[University of the Arctic]]
# [[UB]] stands for [[University of Baltimore]] ([[US]])
# [[UC3M]] stands for [[University Carlos III of Madrid]]
# [[UCAS]] stands for Universities and Colleges Admissions System ([[UK]])
# [[UCC]] stands for [[University College Copenhagen]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCF]] stands for [[University of Central Florida]] ([[US]])
# [[UCISA]] stands for the Universities and Colleges Information Systems Association ([[UK]])
# [[UCJ]] stands for [[Jutland University College]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCL]] stand for [[University College London]] ([[UK]])
# [[UCM]] stands for [[Complutensian University of Madrid]]
# [[UCN]] stands for [[University College of Northern Denmark]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCOE]] stands for [[Ulyanovsk Consortium of Open Education]]
# [[UCOL]] stands for [[Universal College of Learning]] ([[New Zealand]])
# [[UCSC]] stands for [[University of Colombo School of Computing]] ([[Sri Lanka]])
# [[UCSJ]] stands for [[University College Sealand]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCSouth]] stands for [[University College South]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCT]] stands for [[University of Cape Town]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[UDIMA]] stands for [[Universidad a distancia de Madrid]], or Open University of Madrid ([[Spain]])
# [[UEF]] stands for the [[University of Eastern Finland]] ([[Finland]])
# [[Ufi]] (or sometimes [[UFI]]) stands for [[University for Industry]], who deliver [[learndirect]] ([[UK]])
# [[UFS]] stands for [[University of the Free State]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[UGent]] stands for [[Universiteit Gent]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[UH]] stands for [[University of Hawaii]] System ([[US]])
# [[UHI]] stands for [[University of the Highlands and Islands]] ([[Scotland]]) ([[UK]])
# [[UIS]] stands for [[University of Illinois Springfield]]
# [[UiTM]] stands for [[Universiti Teknologi MARA]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[UK]] stands for [[United Kingdom]] - see also the University of Kentucky ([[US]])
# [[UKeU]] is the [[UK e-University]], more properly called [[UK eUniversities Worldwide Limited]] ([[UK]])
# [[UKEU]] stands for [[UK eUniversities Worldwide Limited]], or the [[UK eUniversity]] ([[UK]])
# [[UKOLN]] stands for UK Office for Library and Information Networking ([[UK]])
# [[UKOU]] stands for UK [[Open University]] ([[UK]])
# [[ULB]] stands for [[Université Libre de Bruxelles]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[ULC]] stands for [[University College Lillebaelt]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[ULg]] stands for [[University of Liege]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[ULPGC]] stands for [[University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria]] ([[Canary Islands]]; [[Spain]])
#[[ULSTU]] stands for [[Ulyanovsk State Technical University]]
# [[UMCS]] stands for [[Maria Curie-Sklodowska University]]
# [[UMH]] stands for the [[Université de Mons-Hainaut]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[UMU]] stand for [[Umeå University]]
# [[UMUC]] stands for [[University of Maryland University College]] ([[US]])
# [[UNAD]] stands for [[Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia]] ([[Colombia]])
# [[UNAM]] stands for [[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]] ([[Mexico]])
# [[UnB]] stands for [[University of Brazil]] (Universidade de Brasilia) ([[Brazil]])
# [[UNE]] (AU) stands for [[University of New England]] ([[Australia]]) - or:
# UNE (US) stands for [[University of New England (US)]]
# [[UNED]] stands for [[Universidad Estatal a Distancia]] ([[Costa Rica]])
# [[UNED]] stands for [[Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UNESCO]] stands for the [[United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization]]
# [[UNIA]] stands for the [[International University of Andalusia]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UNIACC]] stands for [[Universidad de las Artes, Ciencias, y Comunicaciones]] ([[Chile]])
# [[Uniandes]] stands for [[University of the Andes]] ([[Colombia]])
# [[UNIEDPA]] stands for [[Universidad Estatal a Distancia]] ([[Panama]])
# [[UNINETT]] is the National Education and Research Network for [[Norway]]
# [[UNIOVI]] stands for [[University of Oviedo]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UNI-QM]] stands for [[European University Quality Management Tools for Lifelong Learning]]
# [[UniSA]] stands for [[University of South Australia]] ([[Australia]])
# [[UNISA]] stands for the [[UNISA Online Campus]] at the [[University of South Africa]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[UNISIM]] or [[UniSIM]] stands for [[SIM University]] ([[Singapore]])
# [[UNITAR]] stands for [[Universiti Tun Abdul Razak]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[UNIURB]] stands for [[University of Urbino "Carlo Bo"]] ([[Italy]])
# [[UNR]] stands for [[Universités numériques en région]] ([[France]])
# [[UNT]] stands for [[Universités Numériques Thématiques]] ([[France]])
# [[UOB]] stands for [[University of Bahrain]] ([[Bahrain]])
# [[UOC]] stands for [[Universitat Oberta de Catalunya]], the ''Open University of Catalonia'' ([[Spain]]
# [[UoL]] stands for [[University of London]]
# [[UoP]] stands for [[University of the People]] ([[US]])
# [[UOPX]] stands for [[University of Phoenix]] ([[US]])
# [[UOU]] stands for [[Uttarakhand Open University]] ([[India]] )
# [[UPC]] stands for [[Polytechnic University of Catalonia]]
# [[UPF]] stands for [[Pompeu Fabra University]]
# [[UPM]] stands for [[Universidad Politécnica de Madrid]], the [[Technical University of Madrid]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UPOU]] stands for [[University of the Philippines Open University]] ([[Philippines]])
# [[UPRTOU]] stands for [[U.P. Rajarshi Tandon Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[UPX]] stands for [[University of Phoenix]] ([[US]])
# [[URJC]] stands for [[Rey Juan Carlos University]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UQAM]] stands for the [[Université du Québec à Montréal]] ([[Canada]])
# [[USDLA]] stands for the [[United States Distance Learning Association]] ([[United States]])
# [[USM]] stands for [[Universiti Sains Malaysia]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[USOU]] stands for [[United States Open University]] ([[United States]])
# [[USP]] (BR) stands for the [[University of Sao Paulo]] ([[Brazil]]) or:
# [[USP]] (FJ) stands for the [[University of the South Pacific]] ([[Fiji]]) (online learning)
# [[USQ]] (AU) stands for [[University of Southern Queensland]] ([[Australia]])
# [[USV]] stands for [[Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava]] ([[Romania]])
# [[UAPA]] stands for [[Open University for Adults]] ([[Dominican Republic]])
# [[UT]] (NL) stands for [[University of Twente]] ([[Netherlands]]) - (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# [[UT]] (IN) stands for [[Universitas Terbuka]] ([[Indonesia]]) - (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# [[UT]] (EE) stands for [[University of Tartu]] ([[Estonia]]) - (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation)
# [[UTPL]] stands for [[Universidad Tecnica Particular de Loja]] ([[Ecuador]])
# [[UU]] stands for [[Uppsala University]]
# [[UUK]] stands for [[Universities UK]] ([[United Kingdom]])
# [[UvA]] stands for [[University of Amsterdam]]
# [[UVF]] stands for [[Université Virtuelle Francophone]] ([[Canada]])
# [[UVPL]] stands for [[Université Virtuelle en Pays de la Loire]] ([[France]])
# [[UVQ]] stands for [[Universidad Virtual de Quilmes]] ([[Argentina]])
# [[UVT]] stands for [[Université Virtuelle de Tunis]] ([[Tunisia]])
# [[UWI]] stands for [[University of the West Indies]]
# [[UWIDEC]] stands for [[University of the West Indies]] - Distance Education Centre
# [[UWO]] stands for [[University of Western Ontario]] ([[Canada]])
# [[UWS]] stands for [[University of the West of Scotland]] ([[UK]])
# [[VCSE]] stands for [[Virtual Campus for A Sustainable Europe]]
# [[VEBS]] stands for [[Virtual European Banking School]]
# [[VENUS]] stands for [[Virtual and E-mobility for Networking Universities in Society]]
# [[VFH]] stands for [[Hochschulverbund Virtuelle Fachhochschule]] ([[Germany]]))
# [[VGU]] stands for the [[Virtual Global University]]
# [[VHB]] stands for [[Bavarian Virtual University]] ([[Germany]])
# [[ViCaDiS]] stands for [[Virtual Campus for Digital Students]]
# [[VICTORIOUS]] stands for [[VIrtual Curricula ThrOugh Reliable InterOperating University Systems]]
# [[VIPA]] stands for [[VIrtual campus for virtual space design Provided for european Architects]]
# [[VirtUE]] stands for [[Virtual University for Europe]]
# [[VM-BASE]] stands for [[Virtual Mobility Before and After Student Exchanges]]
# [[VMOU]] stands for [[Vardhaman Mahaveer Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[VŠERS]] stands for [[College of European and Regional Studies]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[VSZDRAV]] stands for [[College of Nursing and Midwifery]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[VU]] stands for [[Pakistan Virtual University]] or Virtual University of Pakistan
# [[VUB]] stands for [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[VUSAT]] stands for [[Virtual University for the Semi-Arid Tropics]] ([[India]])
# [[VUSME]] stands for [[Virtual University for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises]]
# [[VUSSC]] stands for [[Virtual University for Small States of the Commonwealth]]
# [[VUT]] stands for [[Brno University of Technology]]
# [[W&K]] stands for [[Hogeschool voor Wetenschap & Kunst]] / [[University College for Sciences and Arts]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[WADEA]] stands for the [[West African Distance Education Association]]
# [[WCEL]] stands for [[Waikato Centre for eLearning]] ([[New Zealand]])
# [[WCET]] stands for Western Cooperative for Educational Telecommunications
# [[Webcampus]] of the [[Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix]] (FUNDP) ([[Belgium]])
# [[WGU]] stands for [[Western Governors University]] ([[US]])
# [[WHOLE]] stands for [[Web-based health Organisations Learning Environment]]
# [[WOU]] stands for [[Wawasan Open University]]
# [[WSEH]] stands for [[Academy of Humanities and Economics]]
# [[WTO]] stands for World Trade Organisation
# [[XML]] stands for Extensible Markup Language
# [[YCMOU]] stands for [[Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[YÖK]] stands for ''Yükseköğretim Kurulu'', the Turkish for [[Council of Higher Education (Turkey)]]
# [[YRTVU]] stands for [[Yunnan Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[ZFH]] stands for [[Zentralstelle für Fernstudien an Fachhochschulen]] ([[Germany]])
# [[ZFUW]] stands for [[Zentrum für Fernstudien und Universitäre Weiterbildung]] ([[Germany]])
# [[ZAOU]] stands for [[Zambian Open University]]
# [[ZOU]] stands for [[Zimbabwe Open University]]

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> [[Programmes]]
 
>> [[Main Page]]

[[Category:Abbreviations| ]]

NUU

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#REDIRECT [[National University of Uzbekistan]]
[[Category:Abbreviations]]

National University of Uzbekistan

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{{stub}}
The ''National University of Uzbekistan'' ('''O`zbekiston Milliy universiteti''', NUU) supports...


The institution’s main office is in Tashkent, [[Uzbekistan]]. Other campuses...



The University of Uzbekistan web site is at http://www.NUU.uz







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> [[Uzbekistan]]

> [[Programmes]]

[[Category: Uzbekistan]]
[[Category:Universities]]
[[Category:Colleges]]
[[Category: University colleges]]

National University of Uzbekistan

2009-09-18T07:28:33Z

Gertjan: template added

{{stub}}
The ''National University of Uzbekistan'' ('''O`zbekiston Milliy universiteti''', NUU) supports...


The institution’s main office is in Tashkent, [[Uzbekistan]]. Other campuses...



The University of Uzbekistan web site is at http://www.NUU.uz







----
> [[Uzbekistan]]

> [[Programmes]]

[[Category: Country]]
[[Category:Universities]]
[[Category:Colleges]]
[[Category: University colleges]]

Abbreviations

2009-09-18T07:16:42Z

Gertjan: /* Abbreviations */ ulstu added

This is (to be) a full list of abbreviations for organisations and other activities of relevance to Re.ViCa.

A number of technical abbreviations are added - these do not link to Re.ViCa wiki pages. They are included as they are codes to avoid when creating or selecting codes for institutions and other entities.

Two-character codes are discouraged except when they are [[country codes]] but some are so common that we have been forced to adopt them.

Single-character codes are forbidden as they are used for various technical purposes.

'''Editors! Always check abbreviations first with Google and [http://www.acronymfinder.com/ Acronym finder]!'''

== Abbreviations ==
(other than 2-character country codes and 1-character codes for technical use)

The following list has been extracted from the list developed for [[The e-University Compendium]] and then further developed.

It is aimed to contain the standard abbreviations for all entities, institutions, programmes (especially [[MELI]]s etc) and projects of interest in the countries of most interest - plus for open/distance teaching universities across the world.

# [[AABSC]] stands for the [[Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business]]
# [[AAOU]] stands for the [[Asian Association of Open Universities]]
# [[AAU]] stands for [[Aalborg University]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[ABED]] stands for the [[Brazilian Association of Distance Education]]
# [[ACODE]] stands for [[Australasian Council on Open, Distance and E-Learning]]
# [[ACU]] stands for [[Association of Commonwealth Universities]] - see also [[Australian Catholic University]] and [[Abilene Christian University]] ([[US]])
# [[AIESAD]] stands for Asociación Iberoamericana de Educación Superior a Distancia, the [[Ibero-American Association of Distance Education Universities]]
# [[AIOU]] stands for the [[Allama Iqbal Open University]] ([[Pakistan]]) - see also
# AIOU stands for the [[Asia International Open University]] ([[Macao]])
# [[AIU]] stands for [[American InterContinental University]]
# [[AJU]] stands for [[Andrew Jackson University‎]] ([[US]])
# [[ALFA]] stands for [[América Latina - Formación Académica]], a programme of cooperation between higher education institutions of the European Union and Latin America
# [[ALT]] stands for [[Association for Learning Technology]], focussed on the [[UK]]
# [[AMBA]] stands for The Association of MBAs
# [[AmSU]] stands for [[Amur State University]] ([[Russia]])
# [[AMU]] stands for [[Academy of Performing Arts in Prague]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[ANCED]] stands for the [[Asociación Nacional de Centros de e-Learning y Distancia]] ([[Spain]])
# [[AOU]] stands for the [[Arab Open University]]
# [[APQN]] stands for [[Asia-Pacific Quality Network]]
# [[AQF]] stands for [[Australian Qualifications Framework]]
# [[ARIADNE]] stands for [[Alliance of Remote Instructional Authoring and Distribution Networks for Europe]]
# [[ARIEL]] stands for [[Analysing and Reporting the Implementation of Electronic Learning in Europe]]
# [[ASEAN]] stands for [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations]]
# [[ATN]] stands for [[Australian Technology Network]] (of universities)
# [[AU]] stands for [[Australia]] (the country) or:
# AU (DK) stands for [[Aarhus University]] ([[Denmark]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# AU (CA) stands for [[Athabasca University]] ([[Canada]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# AU stands for Ashford University ([[US]])
# [[AUCC]] stands for the [[Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada]]
# [[AUGent]] stands for [[Ghent University Association]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[AUHA]] stands for [[Associatie Universiteit & Hogescholen Antwerpen]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[AUHL]] stands for [[Associatie Universiteit-Hogescholen Limburg]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[AULP]] stands for [[Associação das Universidades de Língua Portuguesa]] ([[Association of Universities in the Language of Portuguese]])
# [[AUO]] stands for [[Ashford University Online]]
# [[AUQA]] stands for the [[Australian Universities Quality Agency]]
# [[AUT]] stands for [[Auckland University of Technology]] - no longer for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_University_Teachers Association of University Teachers] which does not exist now
# [[AUTH]] stands for [[Aristotle University of Thessaloniki]] ([[Greece]])
# [[AVU]] stands for [[African Virtual University]]
# [[AZUN]] stands for [[Arizona Universities Network]], [[US]]
# [[BAOU]] stands for [[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University]] ([[Turkey]])
# [[BAU]] stand for [[Al-Balqa' Applied University]] ([[Jordan]])
# [[BAWEST]] stands for [[Business Academy West]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[BBE]] stands for [[Business of Borderless Education]] (report)
# [[BCOU]] stands for [[British Columbia Open University]] (now absorbed into [[Thompson Rivers University]])
# [[Becta]] or formerly [[BECTa]] stands for [[British Educational Communications and Technology Agency]] ([[UK]]) but the long form is rarely used now
# [[BELNET]] stands for the [[Belgian Research and Education Network]]
# [[BFSU]] stands for [[Beijing Foreign Studies University]] ([[China]])
# [[BI]] stands for [[BI Norwegian School of Management]] - see also [[Burundi]], [[Africa]]
# [[BME]] stands for [[Budapest University of Technology and Economics]] ([[Hungary]])
# [[BMUKK]] stands for ''Bundesministerium für Unterricht, Kunst und Kultur''/ [[Federal_Ministry_for_Education%2C_Arts_and_Culture]] ([[Austria]])
# [[BMWF]] stands for ''Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung'' / [[Federal Ministry of Science and Research]] ([[Austria]])
# [[BNU]] stands for [[Beijing Normal University]] ([[China]])
# [[BOU]] stands for the [[Bangladesh Open University]]
# [[BRAOU]] stands for the [[Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[BSEC]] stands for [[Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation]]
# [[BTVU]] stands for [[Beijing Radio & TV University‎]] ([[China]])
# [[BVU]] stands for [[Bulgarian Virtual University]] or [[Best Virtual Universities Organisation]]
# [[CANARIE]] stands for [[Canadian Network for the Advancement of Research, Industry and Education]], the [[NREN]] in [[Canada]]
# [[CARADOL]] stands for the [[Caribbean Association for Distance and Open Learning]]
# [[CARET]] stands for the [[Centre for Applied Research in Educational Technologies at the University of Cambridge]]
# [[CBS]] stands for [[Copenhagen Business School]]
# [[CCC]] stands for [[Coastline Community College]] ([[US]])
# [[CCCOnline]] stands for [[Colorado Community Colleges Online]] ([[US]])
# [[CCDL]] stands for [[Cross Cultural Distance Learning]], an international consortium
# [[CCi]] stands for [[Corinthian Colleges]], Inc. ([[US]])
# [[CCRTVU]] stands for the [[China Central Radio & TV University]]
# [[CCSNH]] stands for [[Community College System of New Hampshire]] ([[US]])
# [[Cederj]] stands for [[Center for Distance Learning of the State of Rio de Janeiro]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[CELI]] stands for [[Ceased E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[CERNET]] stands for the [[China Education and Research Network]]
# [[CETIS]] stands for [[Centre for Educational Technology Interoperability Standards]] but the long form is rarely used now ([[UK]])
# [[CEVU]] stands for [[Collaborative European Virtual University]]
# [[CHEA]] stands for [[Council for Higher Education Accreditation]] (US) - agency
# [[CHEI]] stands for [[Council for Higher Education]] ([[Israel]])
# [[CHEMS]] stands for [[Commonwealth Higher Education Management Service]] - now ceased
# [[CICEI]] stands for Centro de Innovación para la Sociedad de la Información (Innovation Center for the Information Society) ([[Canary Islands]]; [[Spain]])
# [[CIFFAD]] stands for [[Consortium International Francophone de Formation a Distance]]
# [[CMEC]] stands for the [[Council of Ministers of Education, Canada]]
# [[CMU]] stands for [[Carnegie Mellon University]] ([[US]])
# [[CNAM]] stands for [[Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers]] ([[France]])
# [[CNAVES]] was the Portuguese agency for quality in higher education. It closed in 2007 and is now replaced by another body.
# [[CNED]] stands for [[Centre National d'Enseignement à Distance]]. In French the abbreviation is [[Cned]] ([[France]])
# [[CNFD]] stands for [[Campus Numérique Francophone de Dakar]] ([[Senegal]])
# [[COL]] stands for [[Commonwealth of Learning]] ([[Canada]])
# [[COME]] stands for [[Warsaw University Centre for Open and Multimedia Education]] ([[Poland]])
# [[CPLP]] stands for [[Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa]] ([[Community of Portuguese Language Countries]])
# [[CRTVU]] stands for [[China Central Radio & TV University]]
# [[CRUP]] stands for [[Conselho de Reitores das Universidades Portuguesas]] ([[Portugal]])
# [[CSF]] stands for [[Critical success factor]]
# [[CSU]] stands for [[Charles Sturt University]] ([[Australia]])
# [[CTDLC]] stands for [[Connecticut Distance Learning Consortium]] ([[US]])
# [[CTU]] stands for [[Czech Technical University in Prague]] ([[Czech Republic]]) - see also [[Colorado Technical University]] ([[US]])
# [[CU Online]] stands for [[Colorado University Online]] ([[US]])
# [[CU]] stands for [[Charles University]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# CU stands for [[Cyber University]] ([[Japan]])
# [[CUTV]] stands for [[Carleton University]] Television ([[Canada]])
# [[CVA-RICESU]] stands for [[Comunidade Virtual de Aprendizagem Rede de Instituições Católicas de Ensino Superior]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[CVC]] stands for [[California Virtual Campus]] ([[US]])
# [[CVG]] stands for [[Campus Virtuel en Gestion]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[CVU]] stands for [[Canadian Virtual University]]. It was also used in the past for [[Clyde Virtual University]].
# [[DBIS]] stands for the [[Department for Business, Innovation & Skills]] of the [[UK]], which oversees universities and colleges
# [[DCSF]] is the ''Department for Children, Schools and Families'' of the [[UK]]
# [[DCU]] stands for [[Dublin City University]] ([[Ireland]]) - the host of [[OSCAIL]]
# [[DDU]] stands for the [[Dutch Digital University]] (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation [[DU]] commonly used in [[Netherlands]])
# [[DEASA]] stands for the [[Distance Education Association of Southern Africa]]
# [[DEEWR]] is the ''Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations'' in [[Australia]]
# [[DELNI]] is the ''Department for Employment and Learning, [[Northern Ireland]]''
# [[DELOS]] stands for [[Developing a European e-learning Observation System]]
# [[DEST]] is a department now merged into [[DEEWR]]
# [[DETYA]] stood for ''Department of Education, Training and Youth Affairs'' ([[Australia]]), later called [[DEST]]
# [[DfEE]] stands for the former ''Department for Education and Employment'' of the [[UK]], a very old name for [[DfES]]
# [[DfES]] stands for the former ''Department for Education and Skills'' of the [[UK]], now split into [[DCSF]] and [[DIUS]]
# [[DFID]] stands for ''Department for International Development'' of the [[UK]]
# [[DCU]] stands for [[Daegu Cyber University]] ([[South Korea]])
# [[DGAU]] stands for [[Dennis Gabor Applied University]] ([[Hungary]])
# [[DISC]] stands for [[Distance and International Study Center]] ([[Germany]]) - a.k.a. [[ZFUW]]
# [[DIUS]] is the ''Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills'' of the [[UK]]
# [[DTU]] stands for [[Technical University of Denmark]]
# [[DVD]] stands for Digital Versatile Disk (no longer Digital Video Disk)
# [[DVU]] stands for [[Danish Virtual University]]
# [[E.A.S.Y.]] stands for [[Agency for Easy Access to Virtual Campus]]
# [[EADL]] stands for [[European Association for Distance Learning]]
# [[EADTU]] stands for the [[European Association of Distance Teaching Universities]]
# [[EBS]] stands for [[Estonian Business School Open University]]
# [[ECDVU]] stands for [[Early Childhood Development Virtual University]]
# [[eChina]] stands for the [[Sino-UK eLearning Programme]]
# [[ECTS]] stands for ''European Credit Transfer System'', sometimes called the ''European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System''
# [[EDEN]] stands for [[European Distance and E-Learning Network]]
# [[EDHEC]] stands for [[École De Hautes Études Commerciales du Nord]] ([[France]])
# [[EdiNet]] stands for [[E-learning in Distributed Data Network Laboratory]]
# [[eduGI]] stands for [[Reuse and Sharing of e-Learning Courses in GI Science Education]]
# [[EEA]] stands for the [[:Category:European Economic Area|European Economic Area]]
# [[EELU]] stands for [[Egyptian E-Learning University]]
# [[EeU]] stands for [[Estonian e-University]]
# [[EEZ]] stands for the [[European Economic Zone]] of [[EU]], [[EEA]] and [[Switzerland]]
# [[EFQM]] stands for European Foundation for Quality Management
# [[EhB]] stands for [[Erasmus University College Brussels]]
# [[ELDDA]] stands for e-Learning Digital Dashboard
# [[eLene-TT]] stands for [[e-Learning Network for Teacher Training]]
# [[e-LERU]] stands for [[League of European Research Universities virtual campus]]
# [[ELUE]] stands for [[Improving quality of e-learning in universities]]
# [[ELWA]] stood for ''Education and Learning [[Wales]]'' but is no longer used - see [[HEFCW]]
# [[EML]] stands for Educational Markup Language
# [[eMM]] and [[EMM]] stand for the e-Learning Maturity Model for benchmarking e-learning
# [[E-move]] stands for [[An Operational Conception of Virtual Mobility]]
# [[EMTC]] stands for [[E. mokymosi technologijų centras]], in English [[e-Learning Technology Centre at Kaunas University of Technology]]
# [[ENQA]] stands for the [[European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education]]
# [[EPICS]] stands for [[European Portal for International Courses and Services for Virtual Erasmus]]
# [[EQO]] stands for [[European Quality Observatory]]
# [[EQUEL]] stands for [[E-quality in e-learning research Laboratoire]]
# [[EQUIS]] stands for European Quality Improvement System
# [[eRNIST]] stands for [[European Research Network for ICT in Schools of Tomorrow]]
# [[ESC]] stands for [[Empire State College]] ([[US]])
# [[ESEN]] stands for [[European Small and medium entreprise E-learning Network]]
# [[ESP-T]] stands for [[English for Specific Purposes: Therapeutic Professions]]
# [[ESRC]] stands for [http://www.esrc.ac.uk Economic and Social Research Council] ([[UK]])
# [[ETT.Campus]] stands for [[European Teachers and Trainers campus]]
# [[e-Ttnet]] stands for [[Training of trainers network for e-learning]]
# [[EU]] stands for [[European Union]]
# [[e-U]] stands for the [[UK e-University]] (the one that became [[UKeU]])
# [[EUA]] stands for [[European University Association]]
# [[EUNITE]] stands for [[European Universities Network for IT in Education]]
# [[e-URBs]] stands for [[European Master in Comparative Urban Studies]]
# [[EUROMOVE]] stands for [[European Mobility through Virtual Education]]
# [[EuroPACE]] stands for [[European Professional Association for Collaboration in E-Learning]]
# [[EVENE]] stands for [[Erasmus Virtual Economics & Management Studies Exchange]]
# [[EVICAB]] stands for [[European Virtual Campus for Biomedical Engineering]]
# [[EWNI]] stands for [[England, Wales and Northern Ireland]] - the home nations of the [[UK]] other than [[Scotland]]
# [[FADE]] stands for the [[Finnish Association for Distance Education]]
# [[FATECE]] stands for [[Faculdade de Tecnologia, Ciências e Educação]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[FC]] stands for [[Fisheries College, Bac Ninh]] ([[Vietnam]])
# [[FCCJ]] stands for [[Florida Community College]] Jacksonville
# [[FE]] stands for [[Further Education]] (post-school, non-degree courses)
# [[Fe-ConE]] stands for [[Framework for e-learning Contents Evaluation]]
# [[FELI]] stands for [[Failed E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[FernFH]] stands for [[Ferdinand Porsche FernFH]] ([[Austria]])
# [[FernFH]] stands for [[Ferdinand Porsche FernFH]] ([[Germany]])
# [[FernUni Hagen]] stands for [[FernUniversität in Hagen]] ([[Germany]])
# [[FGV]] stands for Fundação Getúlio Vargas - see [[FGV Online]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[FILTER]] stands for [[Economic filtering of knowledge]]
# [[FSM]] stands for the [[Federated States of Micronesia]] (a country)
# [[FUNDP]] stands for [[Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[FUNIBER]] stands for [[Fundación Universitaria Iberoamericana]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[FUSL]] stands for [[Facultés universitaires Saint-Louis]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[FVU]] stands for [[Finnish Virtual University]]
# [[G-20]] stands for the [[:Category:G-20 countries|Group of Twenty countries]]
# [[G8]] stands for the [[:Category:G8 countries|Group of Eight countries]]
# [[GELI]] stands for [[Giant E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[GROE]] stands for the project [[Global Resources for Online Education]]
# [[Group T]] stands for [[Group T-International University College Leuven]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[GTCS]] stands for [[Georgia Technical College System]] ([[US]])
# [[GU8]] stands for [[Global U8 Consortium]]
# [[GUA]] stands for [[Global University Alliance]], but this phrase has multiple meanings
# [[GVTC]] stands for [[Georgia Virtual Technical College]] ([[US]])
# [[GVU]] stands for [[Global Virtual University]]
# [[HCMCOU]] stands for [[Ho Chi Minh City Open University]] ([[Vietnam]])
# [[HE]] stands for Higher Education (universities and similar institutions)
# [[HECS]] stands for the Higher Education Contribution Scheme, now replaced by the [http://www.ato.gov.au/individuals/pathway.asp?pc=001/002/008/007&mnu=998&mfp=001/002&cy=1 Higher Education Loan Programme] (HELP)
# [[HEFCE]] stands for ''Higher Education Funding Council for England'' ([[UK]])
# [[HEFCW]] stands for ''Higher Education Funding Council for Wales'' ([[UK]])
# [[HEI]] stands for ''Higher Education Institution''
# [[HELIOS]] stands for [[Horizontal E-Learning Integrated Observation System]]
# [[HERO]] stands for Higher Education and Research Opportunities ([[UK]])
# [[HES]] stands for [[Harvard University Extension School]] ([[US]])
# [[HESA]] stands for [[Higher Education South Africa]], an association of Rectors
# [[HETAC]] stands for the [[Higher Education and Training Awards Council]] ([[Ireland]])
# [[HFH]] stands for [[Hamburger Fern-Hochschule]] ([[Austria]])
# [[HFH]] stands for [[Hamburger Fern-Hochschule]] ([[Germany]])
# [[HiG]] stands for [[University of Gävle]] - Högskolan i Gävle ([[Sweden]])
# [[HKU]] stands for [[University of Hong Kong]]
# [[HKVU]] stands for [[Hong Kong Virtual University]]
# [[HKCyberU]] stands for the [[Hong Kong Cyber University]] at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University
# [[HNRTVU]] or [[Henan RTV]] stands for [[Henan Radio & TV University‎]] ([[China]])
# [[HOU]] (GR) stands for the [[Hellenic Open University]] ([[Greece]]) or:
# HOU (VT) [[Hanoi Open University]] ([[Vietnam]])
# [[Howest]] stands for [[University College West Flanders]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[HSUM]] stands for [[Health Sciences University of Mongolia]]
# [[HUBrussel]] stands for [[Hogeschool-Universiteit_Brussel]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[HUT]] used to be used for [[Helsinki University of Technology]] ([[Finland]]) but [[TKK]] (Teknillinen KorkeaKoulu) is preferred
# [[HW]] stands for [[Heriot-Watt University]]
# [[HYCU]] stands for [[Hanyang Cyber University]] ([[South Korea]])
# [[IAU]] stands for [[International Association of Universities]]
# [[IBA]] stands for [[International Business Academy]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[IBC]] stands for [[International Business College]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[ICDE]] stands for the [[International Council for Open and Distance Education]]
# [[ICDL]] stands for the former International Centre for Distance Learning (at [[UKOU]]) - the database is still available to subscribers
# [[ICETEL]] stands for [[Improving Continuing Education and Training through e-learning]]
# [[IDCE]] stands for the [[[Institute of Distance and Continuing Education]http://www.uog.edu.gy/schools/idce]]
# [[IEC]] stands for the [[Idaho Electronic Campus]]
# [[IGNOU]] stands for [[Indira Gandhi National Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[IHA]] stands for [[Engineering College of Aarhus]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[IHK]] stands for [[Copenhagen University College of Engineering]] ([[Denmark]])
# IIT stands for [[Indian Institute of Technology]] ([[India]]); or
# IIT stands for [[Institute of Information Technology]] ([[Vietnam]]) - see also [[IOIT]]
# [[ILCCO]] stands for [[Illinois Community Colleges Online]] ([[US]])
# [[IMRTVU]] stands for [[Inner Mongolia Radio & TV University]]
# [[IMS]] used to stand for Instructional Management System (the initials IMS are no longer an acronym)
# [[INQAAHE]] stands for [[International Network for Quality Assurance Agencies in Higher Education]]
# [[IOCCOC]] stands for [[Iowa Community College Online Consortium]] ([[US]])
# [[IOIT]] stands for [[Institute of Information Technology]] ([[Vietnam]]) - see also [[IIT]]
# [[IOU]] stands for [[Intercultural Open University]] (based in the [[Netherlands]])
# [[ISI]] stands for [[Independent Study in Idaho]] ([[US]])
# [[ITESM]] stands for ''Instituto Tecnologico Superior de Monterrey'' - see [[Tecnológico de Monterrey]] ([[Mexico]])
# [[ITIU]] stansd for [[Università telematica internazionale UNINETTUNO]]
# [[ITU]] stands for [[IT-University of Copenhagen]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[It-vest]] stands for [[IT University West]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[IU]] stands for [[Indiana University]] Online
# [[IUA]] stands for the [[Irish Universities Association]] ([[Ireland]]) (Republic)
# [[IVC]] stands for the [[Illinois Virtual Campus]] ([[US]])
# [[JANET]] stands for Joint Academic NETwork (alleged originally to be a name significant to one of the original developers) ([[UK]])
# [[JIU]] stands for [[Jones International University]]
# [[JKU]] stands for [[Johannes Kepler Universität Linz]] ([[Austria]])
# [[JPPSG]] stands for [[Joint Procurement Policy and Strategy Group]] ([[UK]] Higher Education)
# [[JSTVU]] stands for [[Jiangsu Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[KaHo Sint-Lieven]] stands for [[Katholieke Hogeschool Sint-Lieven]]/[[Catholic University College Ghent]]([[Belgium]])
# [[KHiS]] stands for [[Kommuner och Hogskolor i Samverkan]] ([[Sweden]])
# [[KHK]] stands for [[KH Kempen University College]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[KHLim]] stands for [[Limburg Catholic University College| Katholieke Hogeschool Limburg]] or [[Limburg Catholic University College]] in English ([[Belgium]])
# [[KIIB&M]] stands for [[Kuban Institute of International Business and Management]] ([[Russia]])
# [[KIU]] stands for [[Knowledge International University]] ([[Saudi Arabia]])
# [[KKHSOU]] stands for [[K. K. Handique State University]] or K. K. Handique State Open University ([[India]])
# [[KNOU]] stands for [[Korea National Open University]]
# [[KSF]] stands for [[Key success factor]]
# [[KSOU]] stands for [[Karnataka State Open University]]
# [[KTH]] stands for [[KTH Royal Institute of Technology]] ([[Sweden]])
# [[KU]] (DK) stands for [[University of Copenhagen]] ([[Denmark]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# KU (KE) stands for [[Kenyatta University]] ([[Kenya]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# KU (US) stands for [[Kaplan College]] or Kaplan University ([[US]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation)
# [[KYVC]] and [[KYVU]] stand for [[Kentucky Virtual University]] ([[US]])
# [[LATWF]] stands for the [[Learning and Technology World Forum]], a series of conferences held each January in London, [[UK]]
# [[LCUC]] stands for [[Limburg Catholic University College]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[LERU]] stands for [[League of European Research Universities]]
# [[LieDM]] or [[LIEDM]] stands for [[Lithuanian National Distance Education Network]]
# [[LIFE]] stands for [[Learning Interoperability Framework for Europe]]
# [[LiU]] stands for [[Linköping University]]
# [[LIVIUS]] stands for [[Learning in a Virtual Integrated University]]
# [[LSDA]] stands for the former Learning and Skills Development Agency ([[UK]]) - now split into [[LSN]] and [[QIA]]
# [[LTSC]] stands for Learning Technology Standards Committee (of IEEE)
# [[LU]] stands for [[Luxembourg]] (the country) or:
# LU (CA) stands for [[Lakehead University]] ([[Canada]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# LU (CA) stands for [[Laurentian University]] ([[Canada]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation)
# [[LVU]] stands for [[Lithuanian Virtual University]]
# [[MASSIVE]] stands for [[Modelling Advice and Support Services to Integrate Virtual Component in Higher Education]]
# [[MASTER]] stand for [[Mobility, Assessment, Selection, Technology and E-Learning Research]]
# [[MCO]] stands for [[Massachusetts Colleges Online]] ([[US]])
# [[MEDIU]] stands for [[Al-Madinah International University]] ([[Philippines]])
# [[MELI]] stands for [[Major E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[MENU]] stands for [[Model for a European Networked University for e-Learning]]
# [[MESI]] stands for [[Moscow State University of Economics, Statistics and Informatics]] ([[Russia]])
# [[MEXT]] stands for the [[Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology]] ([[Japan]])
# [[MIT]] stands for the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] ([[US]])
# [[MOO]] stands for Multi-User Dungeons, Object Oriented
# [[MPBOU]] stands for [[Madhya Pradesh Bhoj Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[MSU]] stands for [[Michigan State University]] ([[US]])
# [[MU]] stands for [[Masaryk University]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[MUS]] stands for [[Montana University System‎]] ([[US]])
# [[MUW]] stands for [[Medizinische Universität Wien]] ([[Austria]])
# [[MVHS]] stands for Michigan Virtual High School ([[US]]) - see [[Michigan Virtual University]]
# [[MVS]] stands for Michigan Virtual School ([[US]]) - see [[Michigan Virtual University]]
# [[MVU]] (US) stands for [[Michigan Virtual University]] ([[US]]) - or:
# MVU stands for [[Mediterranean Virtual University]], a consortium
# [[NADE]] (NO) stands for the [[Norwegian Association for Distance Education]] or:
# NADE (LT) stands for the [[National Association of Distance Education]] in [[Lithuania]]
# [[NAHE]] stands for the [[Swedish National Association for Higher Education]]
# [[NCSL]] stands for [[National College for School Leadership]] in the [[UK]]
# [[NCU]] stands for [[Northcentral University]] ([[US]])
# [[NDEC]] stands for the National Distance Education Centre of [[Ireland]] - see also [[Oscail]] in Irish
# [[NDMA]] stands for [[Nacionaline distancinio mokymo asociacija]], in English [[National Association of Distance Education]]
# [[NELI]] stands for [[Notable E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[NIME]] stands for the [[National Institute of Multimedia Education]] ([[Japan]])
# [[NJVU]] stands for [[New Jersey Virtual University]] ([[US]])
# [[NKI]] stands for [[NKI Distance Education]], the main distance learning provider in [[Norway]]
# [[NKS]] stands for [[NKS Nettstudier]], sometimes called [[NKS Distance Education]] ([[Norway]]) (to be carefully distinguished from [[NKI]])
# [[NMMU]] stands for [[Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[NOKUT]] stands for ''Nasjonalt organ for kvalitet i utdanningen'', the [[Norwegian Agency for Quality Assurance in Education]]
# [[NOU]] stands for [[Norway Opening Universities]], the innovation programme in e-learning for HE in [[Norway]] - or:
# [[NOU]] stands for [[National Open University]] of [[Taiwan]]
# [[NOUN]] stands for the [[National Open University of Nigeria]]
# [[NPTEL]] stands for [[National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning]] ([[India]])
# [[NQAI]] stands for the [[National Qualifications Authority of Ireland]]
# [[NREN]] stands for ''National Research and Education Network''
# [[NSHU]] stands for the [[Swedish Agency for Networks and Cooperation in Higher Education]], formerly called the Swedish Net University Agency - be careful to distinguish this from [[NHSU]], the [[NHS University]] of the [[UK]]
# [[NSOU]] stands for [[Netaji Subhas Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[NSU]] stands for [[Nova Southeastern University]] ([[US]])
# [[NUCCAT]] stands for ''Northern Universities Consortium for Credit Accumulation and Transfer''
# [[NUS]] stands for [[National University of Singapore]]
# [[NUST]] stands for [[National University of Science and Technology]] ([[Zimbabwe]])
# [[NVU]] stands for [[Norwegian Networked University]], an association in Norway
# [[NWPI]] stands for [[North-West State Correspondence Technical University]] ([[Russia]])
# [[NWU]] stands for [[North-West University]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[NZQA]] stands for the [[New Zealand Qualifications Authority]]
# [[OBHE]] stands for the [[Observatory on Borderless Higher Education]]
# [[ODLAA]] stands for the [[Open and distance learning association of Australia]]
# [[ODU]] stands for [[Old Dominion University]] ([[US]])
# [[OECD]] stands for Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
# [[OHO]] stands for [[Open Hoger Onderwijs]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[OISE]] stands for the [[Ontario Institute for Studies in Education]] - part of the [http://www.utoronto.ca/ University of Toronto] ([[Canada]])
# [[OKI]] stands for Open Knowledge Initiative
# [[OLA]] stands for [[Open Learning Agency]] (British Columbia) – to be closed. It could also stand for ''Open Learning Australia''.
# [[OLCOS]] stands for [[Open e-Learning Content Observatory Services]]
# [[OLF]] stands for [[Open Learning Foundation]] in the [[United Kingdom]]
# [[OLIF]] stands for the [[Online Learning Innovation Fund]] of the [[UK]]
# [[OPENU]] stands for [[Open University of Israel]] ([[Israel]]) - also [[OUI]]
# [[OPNZ]] stands for the [[Open Polytechnic of New Zealand]]
# [[ORMEE]] stands for [[Observatory on Rights Management for e-Learning in Europe]]
# [[OSU]] (CZ) stands for [[University of Ostrava]] ([[Czech Republic]]) - or:
# OSU (RU) [[Orenburg State University]] ([[Russia]])
# [[OTEN]] stands for [[Open Training and Education Network]] ([[Australia]])
# [[OU Libya]] stands for [[Open University of Libya]] ([[Libya]])
# [[OU]] is a common abbreviation for UK [[Open University]] - we try to use [[UKOU]] instead
# [[OUA]] stands for [[Open Universities Australia]] -- formerly ''Open Learning Australia''
# [[OUBS]] stands for [[Open University Business School in Denmark]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[OUC]] (CY) stands for [[Open University of Cyprus]] ([[Cyprus]]) or:
# OUC (US) stands for [[Online University Consortium]] ([[US]])
# [[OUHK]] stands for [[Open University of Hong Kong]]
# [[OUI]] stands for [[Open University of Israel]] - also, [[OPENU]]
# [[OUJ]] stands for the [[Open University of Japan]], formerly the [[University of the Air]]
# [[OUM]] stands for [[Open University of Malaysia]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[OUN]] stands for [[Open Universiteit Nederland]]
# [[OUNR]] stands for [[Open University National Role]] ([[UK]])
# [[OUS]] stands for the [[Open University of Sudan]]
# [[OUSL]] stands for the [[Open University of Sri Lanka]]
# [[OUT]] stands for the [[Open University of Tanzania]]
# [[OUWB]] stands for [[Ohio University Without Boundaries]], [[US]]
# [[P2PU]] stands for [[Peer 2 Peer University]], [[US]]
# [[PANdora]] stands for Pan Asia Networking distance and open resource access, a study project
# [[PBP-VC]] stands for [[Promoting Best Practice in Virtual Campuses]]
# [[PHL]] stands for [[PHL University College]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[PI]] stands for [[Greek Pedagogical Institute]]
# [[PLATO]] stands for [[ICT Platform for Online Learning and Experiences Accreditation in the Mobility Programme]]
# [[PLM-OU]] stands for [[Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila Open University]] ([[Philippines]])
# [[PnM]] or [[PNM]] stand for [[Pick&Mix]]
# [[PNU]] stands for [[Payame Noor University]] ([[Iran]])
# [[PolyU]] stands for [[Hong Kong Polytechnic University]]
# [[PPIU]] stands for [[Phnom Penh International University]] ([[Cambodia]])
# [[PROMETEUS]] stands for PROmoting Multimedia access to Education and Training in EUropean Society
# [[PRTVU]] stands for one of the provincial-level Radio & TV universities in [[China]]
# [[PSSOU]] stands [[Pt. Sunderlal Sharma Open University| Pandit Sunderlal Sharma Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[PSU]] stands for Pennsylvania State University ([[US]]) - see [[Penn State World Campus]]
# [[PUP OU]] stands for [[Polytechnic University of the Philippines]] Open University System ([[Philippines]])
# [[PUW]] stands for [[Polski Uniwersytet Wirtualny]], the [[Polish Virtual University]]
# [[QA]] stands for [[quality assurance]]
# [[QAA]] stands for Quality Assurance Agency (for Higher Education in the [[UK]])
# [[QCA]] stands for Qualifications and Curriculum Authority ([[UK]])
# [[QOU]] stands for [[Al-Quds Open University]] ([[Palestine]])
# [[QUADEM]] stands for [[Quality Assessment of Digital Educational Materials]]
# [[QUAL-E-LEARNING]] stands for [[La qualité de l'eLearning]]
# [[QUT]] stands for [[Queensland University of Technology]] ([[Australia]])
# [[REVE]] stands for [[REal Virtual Erasmus]]
# [[RIO]] stands for Reusable Information Object (as at Cisco)
# [[RLO]] stands for Reusable Learning Object (as at Cisco)
# [[RMIT]] stands for Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (former name for RMIT) ([[Australia]])
# [[RRU]] stands for [[Royal Roads University]] ([[Canada]])
# [[RUC]] stands for [[Roskilde University]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[SAIDE]] stands for [[South African Institute for Distance Education]]
# [[SAIDI]] stands for [[Southeast Asia Interdisciplinary Development Institute]] School of Organization Development ([[Philippines]])
# [[SCAD]] stands for [[Savannah College of Art and Design]] ([[US]])
# [[SCONUL]] stands for Society of College, National and University Libraries
# [[SCORM]] stands for Sharable Course (or Courseware or Content) Object Reference Model
# [[SCQF]] stands for [[Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework]] ([[UK]])
# [[SCRTVU]] stands for [[Sichuan Radio & TV University]] ([[China]]) - see also [[SRTVU]]
# [[SCU]] stands for [[Southern Cross University]] ([[Australia]])
# [[Scuola IaD]] stands for [[Scuola IaD| Scuola per l'Istruzione a Distanza]], University of Rome Tor Vergata ([[Italy]])
# [[SDU]] (DK) stands for [[University of Southern Denmark]] ([[Denmark]]) - or:
# SDU (KR) stands for [[Seoul Digital University]] ([[Korea]])
# [[SEAMOLEC]] stands for [[South Asian Minister of Education Organization Regional Open Learning Center]] ([[Indonesia]])
# [[SEEL]] stands for [[Supporting Excellence in eLearning]]
# [[SEEQUEL]] stands for [[Sustainable Environment for the Evaluation of Quality in eLearning]]
# [[SEFI]] stands for [[European Society for Engineering Education]]
# [[SEU]] stands for [[Southeast University]] ([[Bangladesh]])
# [[SFC]] stands for the [[Scottish Funding Council]] ([[UK]])
# [[SFEFC]] stood for the former ''Scottish Further Education Funding Council'', now part of the [[Scottish Funding Council]] ([[UK]])
# [[SFU]] stands for [[Simon Fraser University]], in Vancouver ([[Canada]])
# [[SHEFC]] stands for the former ''Scottish Higher Education Funding Council'', now part of the [[Scottish Funding Council]] ([[UK]])
# [[SHTVU]] stands for [[Shanghai TV University]] - see also [[STVU]]
# [[SHU]] stands for [[Sheffield Hallam University]] ([[UK]])
# [[SLN]] stands for [[SUNY Learning Network]] ([[US]])
# [[SPC]] stands for [[St. Petersburg College]] ([[US]])
# [[SREB]] stands for [[Southern Regional Electronic Board]] ([[Electronic Campus]])
# [[SRTVU]] stands for [[Sichuan Radio & TV University]] ([[China]]) - see also [[SCRTVU]]
# [[STOU]] stands for [[Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University]] ([[Thailand]])
# [[STVU]] stands for [[Shanghai TV University]] - see also [[SHTVU]]
# [[SUA]] stands for [[Sokoine University of Agriculture]] ([[Tanzania]])
# [[SURF]] stands for the Dutch educational network ([[Netherlands]])
# [[SURFnet]] stands for SURF network ([[Netherlands]])
# [[SVC]] stands for [[Swiss Virtual Campus]]
# [[SVU]] stands for [[Syrian Virtual University]]
# [[SXRTVU]] stands for [[Shaanxi Radio and Television University]] ([[China]])
# [[SYTVU]] stands for [[Shenyang Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[TDU]] stand for [[Thematic Digital Universities]] ([[France]])
# [[TechBC]] stand for the former [[Technical University of British Columbia]] ([[Canada]])
# [[TÉLUQ ]] (and various variants) stands for the [[Télé-université]] du Québec, now part of the [[Université du Québec à Montréal]] ([[UQAM]])
# [[TGOU]] stands for the [[The Global Open University of Zambia]]
# [[TJRTVU]] stands for [[Tianjin Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[TKK]] stands for [[Helsinki University of Technology]] ('''''T'''eknillinen '''k'''orkea'''k'''oulu'')
# [[TLTP]] stands for Teaching and Learning Technology Programme ([[UK]])
# [[TNOU]] stands for [[Tamil Nadu Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[TQEF]] stands for [[Teaching Quality Enhancement Fund]] ([[UK]])
# [[TRU]] stands for [[Thompson Rivers University]] ([[Canada]])
# [[TUT]] stands for [[Tallinn University of Technology]] ([[Estonia]]) or:
# TUT stands for [[Tshwane University of Technology]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[TVU]] stands for [[Tamil Virtual University]] ([[India]])
# [[U21]] stands for [[Universitas 21]]
# UAB (BR) stands for [[Universidade Aberta do Brasil]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[UAb]] (PT) stands for [[Universidade Aberta]], the [[Portuguese Open University]] ([[Portugal]])
# [[UAE]] stands for [[United Arab Emirates]] (the country)
# [[UArctic]] stands for [[University of the Arctic]]
# [[UB]] stands for [[University of Baltimore]] ([[US]])
# [[UC3M]] stands for [[University Carlos III of Madrid]]
# [[UCAS]] stands for Universities and Colleges Admissions System ([[UK]])
# [[UCC]] stands for [[University College Copenhagen]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCF]] stands for [[University of Central Florida]] ([[US]])
# [[UCISA]] stands for the Universities and Colleges Information Systems Association ([[UK]])
# [[UCJ]] stands for [[Jutland University College]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCL]] stand for [[University College London]] ([[UK]])
# [[UCM]] stands for [[Complutensian University of Madrid]]
# [[UCN]] stands for [[University College of Northern Denmark]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCOE]] stands for [[Ulyanovsk Consortium of Open Education]]
# [[UCOL]] stands for [[Universal College of Learning]] ([[New Zealand]])
# [[UCSC]] stands for [[University of Colombo School of Computing]] ([[Sri Lanka]])
# [[UCSJ]] stands for [[University College Sealand]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCSouth]] stands for [[University College South]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCT]] stands for [[University of Cape Town]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[UDIMA]] stands for [[Universidad a distancia de Madrid]], or Open University of Madrid ([[Spain]])
# [[UEF]] stands for the [[University of Eastern Finland]] ([[Finland]])
# [[Ufi]] (or sometimes [[UFI]]) stands for [[University for Industry]], who deliver [[learndirect]] ([[UK]])
# [[UFS]] stands for [[University of the Free State]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[UGent]] stands for [[Universiteit Gent]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[UH]] stands for [[University of Hawaii]] System ([[US]])
# [[UHI]] stands for [[University of the Highlands and Islands]] ([[Scotland]]) ([[UK]])
# [[UIS]] stands for [[University of Illinois Springfield]]
# [[UiTM]] stands for [[Universiti Teknologi MARA]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[UK]] stands for [[United Kingdom]] - see also the University of Kentucky ([[US]])
# [[UKeU]] is the [[UK e-University]], more properly called [[UK eUniversities Worldwide Limited]] ([[UK]])
# [[UKEU]] stands for [[UK eUniversities Worldwide Limited]], or the [[UK eUniversity]] ([[UK]])
# [[UKOLN]] stands for UK Office for Library and Information Networking ([[UK]])
# [[UKOU]] stands for UK [[Open University]] ([[UK]])
# [[ULB]] stands for [[Université Libre de Bruxelles]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[ULC]] stands for [[University College Lillebaelt]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[ULg]] stands for [[University of Liege]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[ULPGC]] stands for [[University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria]] ([[Canary Islands]]; [[Spain]])
#[[ULSTU]] stands for [[Ulyanovsk State Technical University]]
# [[UMCS]] stands for [[Maria Curie-Sklodowska University]]
# [[UMH]] stands for the [[Université de Mons-Hainaut]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[UMU]] stand for [[Umeå University]]
# [[UMUC]] stands for [[University of Maryland University College]] ([[US]])
# [[UNAD]] stands for [[Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia]] ([[Colombia]])
# [[UNAM]] stands for [[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]] ([[Mexico]])
# [[UnB]] stands for [[University of Brazil]] (Universidade de Brasilia) ([[Brazil]])
# [[UNE]] (AU) stands for [[University of New England]] ([[Australia]]) - or:
# UNE (US) stands for [[University of New England (US)]]
# [[UNED]] stands for [[Universidad Estatal a Distancia]] ([[Costa Rica]])
# [[UNED]] stands for [[Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UNESCO]] stands for the [[United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization]]
# [[UNIA]] stands for the [[International University of Andalusia]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UNIACC]] stands for [[Universidad de las Artes, Ciencias, y Comunicaciones]] ([[Chile]])
# [[Uniandes]] stands for [[University of the Andes]] ([[Colombia]])
# [[UNIEDPA]] stands for [[Universidad Estatal a Distancia]] ([[Panama]])
# [[UNINETT]] is the National Education and Research Network for [[Norway]]
# [[UNIOVI]] stands for [[University of Oviedo]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UNI-QM]] stands for [[European University Quality Management Tools for Lifelong Learning]]
# [[UniSA]] stands for [[University of South Australia]] ([[Australia]])
# [[UNISA]] stands for the [[UNISA Online Campus]] at the [[University of South Africa]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[UNISIM]] or [[UniSIM]] stands for [[SIM University]] ([[Singapore]])
# [[UNITAR]] stands for [[Universiti Tun Abdul Razak]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[UNIURB]] stands for [[University of Urbino "Carlo Bo"]] ([[Italy]])
# [[UNR]] stands for [[Universités numériques en région]] ([[France]])
# [[UNT]] stands for [[Universités Numériques Thématiques]] ([[France]])
# [[UOB]] stands for [[University of Bahrain]] ([[Bahrain]])
# [[UOC]] stands for [[Universitat Oberta de Catalunya]], the ''Open University of Catalonia'' ([[Spain]]
# [[UoL]] stands for [[University of London]]
# [[UoP]] stands for [[University of the People]] ([[US]])
# [[UOPX]] stands for [[University of Phoenix]] ([[US]])
# [[UOU]] stands for [[Uttarakhand Open University]] ([[India]] )
# [[UPC]] stands for [[Polytechnic University of Catalonia]]
# [[UPF]] stands for [[Pompeu Fabra University]]
# [[UPM]] stands for [[Universidad Politécnica de Madrid]], the [[Technical University of Madrid]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UPOU]] stands for [[University of the Philippines Open University]] ([[Philippines]])
# [[UPRTOU]] stands for [[U.P. Rajarshi Tandon Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[UPX]] stands for [[University of Phoenix]] ([[US]])
# [[URJC]] stands for [[Rey Juan Carlos University]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UQAM]] stands for the [[Université du Québec à Montréal]] ([[Canada]])
# [[USDLA]] stands for the [[United States Distance Learning Association]] ([[United States]])
# [[USM]] stands for [[Universiti Sains Malaysia]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[USOU]] stands for [[United States Open University]] ([[United States]])
# [[USP]] (BR) stands for the [[University of Sao Paulo]] ([[Brazil]]) or:
# [[USP]] (FJ) stands for the [[University of the South Pacific]] ([[Fiji]]) (online learning)
# [[USQ]] (AU) stands for [[University of Southern Queensland]] ([[Australia]])
# [[USV]] stands for [[Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava]] ([[Romania]])
# [[UAPA]] stands for [[Open University for Adults]] ([[Dominican Republic]])
# [[UT]] (NL) stands for [[University of Twente]] ([[Netherlands]]) - (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# [[UT]] (IN) stands for [[Universitas Terbuka]] ([[Indonesia]]) - (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# [[UT]] (EE) stands for [[University of Tartu]] ([[Estonia]]) - (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation)
# [[UTPL]] stands for [[Universidad Tecnica Particular de Loja]] ([[Ecuador]])
# [[UU]] stands for [[Uppsala University]]
# [[UUK]] stands for [[Universities UK]] ([[United Kingdom]])
# [[UvA]] stands for [[University of Amsterdam]]
# [[UVF]] stands for [[Université Virtuelle Francophone]] ([[Canada]])
# [[UVPL]] stands for [[Université Virtuelle en Pays de la Loire]] ([[France]])
# [[UVQ]] stands for [[Universidad Virtual de Quilmes]] ([[Argentina]])
# [[UVT]] stands for [[Université Virtuelle de Tunis]] ([[Tunisia]])
# [[UWI]] stands for [[University of the West Indies]]
# [[UWIDEC]] stands for [[University of the West Indies]] - Distance Education Centre
# [[UWO]] stands for [[University of Western Ontario]] ([[Canada]])
# [[UWS]] stands for [[University of the West of Scotland]] ([[UK]])
# [[VCSE]] stands for [[Virtual Campus for A Sustainable Europe]]
# [[VEBS]] stands for [[Virtual European Banking School]]
# [[VENUS]] stands for [[Virtual and E-mobility for Networking Universities in Society]]
# [[VFH]] stands for [[Hochschulverbund Virtuelle Fachhochschule]] ([[Germany]]))
# [[VGU]] stands for the [[Virtual Global University]]
# [[VHB]] stands for [[Bavarian Virtual University]] ([[Germany]])
# [[ViCaDiS]] stands for [[Virtual Campus for Digital Students]]
# [[VICTORIOUS]] stands for [[VIrtual Curricula ThrOugh Reliable InterOperating University Systems]]
# [[VIPA]] stands for [[VIrtual campus for virtual space design Provided for european Architects]]
# [[VirtUE]] stands for [[Virtual University for Europe]]
# [[VM-BASE]] stands for [[Virtual Mobility Before and After Student Exchanges]]
# [[VMOU]] stands for [[Vardhaman Mahaveer Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[VŠERS]] stands for [[College of European and Regional Studies]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[VSZDRAV]] stands for [[College of Nursing and Midwifery]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[VU]] stands for [[Pakistan Virtual University]] or Virtual University of Pakistan
# [[VUB]] stands for [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[VUSAT]] stands for [[Virtual University for the Semi-Arid Tropics]] ([[India]])
# [[VUSME]] stands for [[Virtual University for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises]]
# [[VUSSC]] stands for [[Virtual University for Small States of the Commonwealth]]
# [[VUT]] stands for [[Brno University of Technology]]
# [[W&K]] stands for [[Hogeschool voor Wetenschap & Kunst]] / [[University College for Sciences and Arts]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[WADEA]] stands for the [[West African Distance Education Association]]
# [[WCEL]] stands for [[Waikato Centre for eLearning]] ([[New Zealand]])
# [[WCET]] stands for Western Cooperative for Educational Telecommunications
# [[Webcampus]] of the [[Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix]] (FUNDP) ([[Belgium]])
# [[WGU]] stands for [[Western Governors University]] ([[US]])
# [[WHOLE]] stands for [[Web-based health Organisations Learning Environment]]
# [[WOU]] stands for [[Wawasan Open University]]
# [[WSEH]] stands for [[Academy of Humanities and Economics]]
# [[WTO]] stands for World Trade Organisation
# [[XML]] stands for Extensible Markup Language
# [[YCMOU]] stands for [[Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[YÖK]] stands for ''Yükseköğretim Kurulu'', the Turkish for [[Council of Higher Education (Turkey)]]
# [[YRTVU]] stands for [[Yunnan Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[ZFH]] stands for [[Zentralstelle für Fernstudien an Fachhochschulen]] ([[Germany]])
# [[ZFUW]] stands for [[Zentrum für Fernstudien und Universitäre Weiterbildung]] ([[Germany]])
# [[ZAOU]] stands for [[Zambian Open University]]
# [[ZOU]] stands for [[Zimbabwe Open University]]

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> [[Programmes]]
 
>> [[Main Page]]

[[Category:Abbreviations| ]]

Russia

2009-09-18T07:12:59Z

Gertjan: /* Ulyanovsk Consortium of Open Education */ internal link added

==Russia in a nutshell==

(mainly sourced from: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia Wikipedia])

'''Russia''', or the '''Russian Federation''', is a transcontinental country extending over much of northern Eurasia. It is a semi-presidential republic comprising 83 federal subjects. At 17,075,400 square kilometers, Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than an eighth of the Earth’s land area; with 142 million people, it is the ninth largest by population. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40 % of Europe, spanning 11 time zones and incorporating a great range of environments and landforms.

[[Image:Rf-map.png|center|thumb|500px|Source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Russia]]

Russia established worldwide power and influence from the times of the Russian Empire to being the largest and leading constituent of the Soviet Union, the world's first and largest constitutionally socialist state and a recognized superpower. The nation can boast a long tradition of excellence in every aspect of the arts and sciences. The Russian Federation was founded following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, but is recognized as the continuing legal personality of the Soviet Union. Russia has one of the world's fastest growing major economies.

Though Russia's population is comparatively large, its population density is low because of the country's enormous size. Population is densest in European Russia, near the Ural Mountains, and in southwest Siberia. 73 % of the population lives in urban areas. As of the 2002 Census, the two largest cities in Russia are Moscow (10,126,424 inhabitants) and Saint Petersburg (4,661,219). Eleven other cities have between one and two million inhabitants. Moscow is also the capital of Russia.

Russia's 160 ethnic groups speak some 100 languages. According to the 2002 Census, 142.6 million people speak Russian, followed by Tatar with 5.3 million and German with 2.9 million speakers. Russian is the only official state language, but the Constitution gives the individual republics the right to make their native language co-official next to Russian. Over a quarter of the world's scientific literature is published in Russian. Russian is also applied as a means of coding and storage of universal knowledge – 60 – 70 % of all world information is published in English and Russian languages.

==Russian education policy==

(mainly sourced from: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Russia Wikipedia)]

The literacy rate in Russia is currently 99.4 %. All citizens are guaranteed free education by the Constitution. Entry to higher education is highly competitive. As a result of great emphasis on science and technology in education, Russian medical, mathematical, scientific, and space and aviation research is generally of a high order. The main task of modern education policy in Russia is the thorough modernization of the education system, which was built during the Soviet period.

==Russian education system==

(mainly sourced from: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Russia Wikipedia] and ''OECD Thematic Review of Tertiary Education – Country Background Report for the Russian Federation.'')

The Russian education system can be divided into four major groups: primary education, secondary education, higher education and post-graduate education.

'''Secondary education'''

Secondary education in Russia takes eleven years to complete. After graduation from the 9th grade, which is compulsory for all Russian citizens, a pupil obtains a Certificate of Basic General Education (equivalent to O-Level). After that he/she has to choose one of the following ways to complete his/her secondary education: continue education for two more years at the secondary school to pursue a Certificate of Complete Secondary Education (equivalent to A-Level) or to pursue an associate degree at a tradesmen school or a college, which usually takes three years to complete.

'''University'''

After obtaining a Certificate of Complete Secondary Education a student can enter a '''university''' or an '''institute''' (college). He/she can choose a program of higher education with the duration of four to six years. There are three different degrees that are conferred by Russian universities. The first degree is the '''Bakalavr''' (Bachelor) '''degree'''. Bakalvr's programs last for at least 4 years of full-time university-level study. The programs are elaborated in accordance with the State Educational Standards, which regulate almost 80 % of their content. The other 20 % are elaborated by the university itself. The programs include professional and special courses in Science, Humanities and Social-economic disciplines, professional training, completion of a research paper/project and passing State final exams. The Bakalavr's degree is awarded in all fields except Medicine after defending a Diploma project prepared under the guidance of a supervisor and passing the final exams. In Medicine, the first stage lasts for six years.

Holders of the Bakalavr degree are admitted to enter the '''Specialist Diploma''' and '''Magistr's''' (Master's) '''degree''' programs. The Magistr's degree is awarded after successful completion of two years' full-time study. Students must carry out a year of research including practice and prepare and defend a thesis which constitutes an original contribution and sit for final examinations. Both Bakalavr's and Magistr's degrees were introduced relatively recently; they did not exist during the Soviet period. (Wikipedia)

'''Post-graduate levels'''

After obtaining a Specialist's or Master's Degree a student may enter a university or a scientific institute to pursue post-graduate education. The first level of post-graduate education is aspirantura that usually results in the '''Kandidat nauk degree''' (Candidate of Sciences). The seeker should pass three exams (in his/her special field, in a foreign language of his/her choice, and in history and philosophy of science), publish at least three scientific articles in peer-reviewed journals, write a dissertation and defend it. '''This degree is roughly equivalent to the Ph.D. in the United States.'''

After graduation a student may continue postgraduate education. After several (2 – 4) years of study in doctorantura, if they obtain important scientific results, publish them and write another thesis, the '''Doctor Nauk degree''' (Doctor of Sciences) can be awarded. The average time between obtaining Kandidat and Doctor degrees is roughly 10 years. Only 1 in 4 Kandidats reaches this grade. Granting of advanced degrees is overseen by the Higher Attestation Commission of the [http://eng.mon.gov.ru/ Ministry of Education and Science].

==Higher education in Russia==

(mainly sourced from: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Russia Wikipedia] and ''OECD Thematic Review of Tertiary Education – Country Background Report for the Russian Federation.'')

See also the following OECD report for more information about the Russian higher education:
:[http://www.oecd.org/document/16/0,3343,en_2649_39263238_35580240_1_1_1_1,00.html Thematic Review of Tertiary Education - Country Background Reports].

The Russian education system was originally inherited from the Soviet Union without any significant changes. In the Soviet Union, the education of all levels was free for anybody who could pass entrance exams; students were provided with small scholarships and free housing. This was considered crucial because it provided access to higher education to all skilled students, as opposed to only those who could afford it. Free higher education is the main reason why more than 20 % of Russians aged 30–59 hold six-year degrees.

The downside of that system was that institutions had to be funded entirely from the federal and regional budgets; therefore, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, expenditures on education took a big blow; institutions found themselves unable to provide adequate teachers' salaries, students' scholarships, and maintenance for their facilities. To address the issue, many state institutions started to open commercial positions. The number of those positions has been growing steadily since then. Many private higher education institutions have emerged, mostly in the fields where Soviet system was inadequate or was unable to provide enough specialists for post-Soviet realities, such as economics, business/management, and law. In 2004, 35 % of all first-year students were paying for their own education in state institutions and 20 % were enrolled in private universities.

Today, the country has 685 governmental higher education institutions, all of these having state accreditation. Besides, 619 non-governmental higher education institutions have been licensed for educational activities, 367 of these having been given accreditation in the past decade. Thus, '''the number of higher education institutions is 1,304''' (1,162 of which are accredited). In 2003–2004, '''the total number of students in higher education institutions was 5,947,500''', including 5,228,700 and 718,800 in governmental and non-governmental education institutions respectively.

The trend for consolidation began in 2006 when state universities and colleges of Rostov-on-Don, Taganrog and other southern towns were merged into Southern Federal University, based in Rostov-on-Don; a similar conglomerate was formed in Krasnoyarsk as Siberian Federal University; the third one is likely to emerge in Vladivostok as Pacific Federal University, Moscow State University and St. Petersburg State University acquired the federal university status in 2007 without further organizational changes.

The composition of Russian students is also becoming more and more homogeneous. Foreign students (including students from countries of the CIS and the Baltic countries), educated in state and municipal HEIs, make up less than 2% of the total. The number of students from different countries accepted and graduated varies depending on the character of political and economic relations between Russia and other countries, and on the presence or absence of bilateral special agreements between the countries.

==Higher education reform==

(mainly sourced from: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Russia Wikipedia], ''OECD Thematic Review of Tertiary Education – Country Background Report for the Russian Federation.'' and ''Implementation of the Bologna Process in Russia: Tomsk Polytechnic University as a case model.'')

The tertiary education system in Russia is being modernized and developed within the context of social, cultural and economic changes taken place in the country since early 1990s. However, it can be stated that the importance of individual, uniquely Russian factors for change is gradually falling, as trends typical for the majority of countries in the developing world are becoming dominant.

The modernization of the tertiary education system includes the following tasks: facilitation of cooperation between universities and local communities, active participation of HEIs in regional development, closer liaison with the business community, increased financial stability in HEIs and the creation of a transparent quality assessment system compatible with and comparable to the international systems. The goals of internationalization of tertiary education and integration into the European and world education areas facilitate the modernization of tertiary education system.

Since 1985 some proposals for restructuring the Russian educational system in accordance with the U.S. educational system have also been made. Nevertheless, these proposals have been discarded as retrogressive. Instead, much more interest has been shown in adopting the proposed international standards of the Bologna Process.

The Russian Federation officially joined the Bologna Process in 2003. As a result, the country has taken certain national responsibilities to strengthen the convergence and transparency of its HE qualification structures, to resolve the problem of transfer and weighing of academic credits, and to improve its quality assurance system, thereby increasing international academic mobility and graduate employability. Some of the Bologna reforms were initiated already before Russia officially joined the Bologna Process. However, the empirical data show that the process of implementing the Bologna principles in Russian HEIs is still rather slow, because relevant legislation and financial support is lagging behind.

==Administration and finance==

(mainly sourced from: ''OECD Thematic Review of Tertiary Education – Country Background Report for the Russian Federation.'')

The changes that took place in the economic and political life in Russia in the last 10 – 15 years have had an enormous impact on the higher education system, including its resource base. The positive trends in recent years include a major growth in the volume of state funds allocated to the higher education sector, and the development of new sources of HEI funding.

In Russia, there are two different institutional types of higher education structures: state (municipal) and private HEIs. The sources of financing differ greatly. The main difference in the system of sources of funding for state and private HEIs is that for the first time on a regular basis (annually), funds from the budget (mainly the federal budget) are received in the form of so-called budgetary appropriations. Private HEIs do not have the right to receive such funding. This factor is fundamental for understanding the differences between the financial positions of these two types of HEIs, as budget financing for state HEIs usually amounts to 30 % or more of the operating income.

==Quality assurance==

(mainly sourced from: ''OECD Thematic Review of Tertiary Education – Country Background Report for the Russian Federation.'')

State assessment of quality assurance in education consists of three stages: licensing, attestation and accreditation, which have been consolidated into a single comprehensive assessment procedure since 2000. Currently adopted amendments to the RF Law 'On Education' have unified (merged) present procedures of attestation and state accreditation.

'''Licensing''' is the assessment of compliance of the conditions of educational activity with state requirements for academic classrooms, laboratory equipment, the level of teaching staff and academic literature. Licensing includes the review of documents and the performance of external expert reviews, including field visits by committees. Given positive results of the licensing process, a HEI receives a license: a document of permission granting the right to perform educational activity and receive eligibility for tax concessions.

'''Attestation''', in turn, is the assessment of the compliance of content, the level and quality of the training of graduates with the requirements of state educational standards, the identification of trends in the development of the academic process and methods of overcoming negative trends. Finally, '''accreditation''' is the establishment (confirmation for a consecutive term) of the state-accredited status of a HEI by type (higher education institution) and form (institute, academy or university) with the establishment of a list of educational programs in which the HEI has the right to issue national diplomas.

Based on the results of state accreditation, an HEI receives a diploma of state accreditation, including a list of accredited programs and the period of accreditation. Information about accredited HEIs and programs is published in an official registry, in an annual directory. The [http://www.nica.ru/main.en.phtml National Accreditation Agency], established by the Ministry of Education in 1995, supports the higher education institutions, the educational establishments of vocational training, and the educational authorities of Russia in carrying out their state accreditation procedures.

No HEI has the right to commence operations without the receipt of a license issued by the Federal Service. Each license must be confirmed every five years. The first attestation of a new HEI may be conducted upon application, three years after the receipt of a license, on condition of the successful graduation of the first group of students. Attestation is also performed once every five years. Passing the procedures of attestation of educational programs and accreditation of HEIs (once every 5 years) is mandatory for all state HEIs. Non-state HEIs are subject to these procedures only if they are applying for the right to issue national diplomas.

==Russian HEIs in the information society==

===Towards the information society===

(mainly sourced from: [http://www.iis.ru/en/index.html Institute of the Information Society], ''The Information Society and Technology in Russia. Cultivate Interactive 8:2002.'', ''Russia e-Readiness and e-Needs Assessment.'' and ''Promoting Enabling Environment for Information Society Development in CIS countries. United Nations ICT Task Force Europe and Central Asia Regonal Network Series 1.'')

Awareness of the advantages resulting from dissemination of information and communication technologies (ICT) started to grow in Russia only at the turn of the new millennium. The Russian Federation makes some 12.5 % of the Earth’s territory and only 2.4 % of its population. So the population density, which is very important for the development of information and communication technologies, is rather low (20 % of the average figure for the world). Additionally, the population density is substantially different in different regions. Especially in rural areas with extremely low population density, severe climate and, therefore, high cost of telecommunication facilities, access to the modern telecommunication infrastructure is often poor.

Local, national and international long-distance fixed telephone voice communications were still the main type of network connection in the early 21st century Russia. Mobile communication networks encompassed 74 out of 89 Russian regions at the beginning of 2001. According to information from the Communication Ministry of Russia, there were some 2.5 million cellular phone users in Russia at that time. Additionally, some 20 million users had access to cable television networks.

According to the results of research carried out by Russian Public Centre of Internet Technologies (ROCIT), the number of Internet connections in 2001 reached 5 million (compared with 3.4 million in 2000) and the audience of Runet (Russian Internet) 18 million users (11.4 million users in 2000). The regular audience was estimated at 8 million users (those who use the Internet at least once a week). At the same time, the percentage of corporate users (those who use the Internet from an office, an educational institution, a library or other point of common access) grew to 65 %, which was 5 % more than the year before. For Russia with its vast territory and poor population, these public internet access points were, indeed, important.

In 2002, 79 % of Russian internet users were younger than 45. Stable growth of Internet users had been identified among managers (20 %) and students (30 %). 35 % of the Runet audience used the Internet at home and 73% of them had a monthly income below $ 100 per person. Geographically the Russian Internet audience was still concentrated in Moscow (57.2 %) and in Saint-Petersburg (9.1 %); 72 second level domains were in the capitals of Russia (Moscow and Saint-Petersburg), though more activity had been registered in the regions in 2001. A considerable digital divide continued to exist between Moscow and the regions of Russia.

Factors setting limits to the growth of the internet audience were related to the approaching saturation point as regards Moscow Internet usage, the poor quality of telephone connections in the regions and a low level of awareness of the capacities and benefits of the Internet. ROCIT considered that the Russian Internet audience was not growing very quickly because of the high cost of personal computers and the low availability of Internet connections using other cheaper terminals (e.g. specialized TV devices). The competition between internet providers in large cities, in turn, caused a trend towards a reduction in costs. Additionally, prices had become more balanced; they were different for various access speed and information volumes.

The federal bodies started to pay serious attention to the Internet and to the information society after President Putin signed the Global Information Society Okinava Hartia adopted by G8 in July 2000. As a consequence, the Russian State Information Society policy also started to become more detailed. In January 2002, President Putin signed a federal law on electronic signatures, thereby rendering an electronic signature legally equivalent to a graphic signature. A law on electronic business was discussed in the State Duma and passed the first reading.

At the same time (January 2002), a federal target-oriented program '''Electronic Russia 2002 – 2010''' was initiated by the RF Government. The program aimed at computerizing the country and encouraging the development of IT and communications sectors. Additionally, the Ministry of Education of Russia in co-operation with regional authorities completed a program of computerization in country schools the year before, supplying hardware and software together with teacher training in 97 % of schools. Several projects involving training courses for school teachers were also managed by the Federation of Internet Education.

The government decreed that people lacking facilities and skills should be provided with internet connections in post offices all over Russia. Centers of collective internet access were planned in 1,860 regional post-offices. Additionally, the official websites of the President, of the Security Council, of the Russian Government, of the State Duma, of all Ministers, and of regional administrations were opened, which proved the federal program Electronic Government successful.

So since the mid-90s, the Russian Federation had developed several programs aiming to develop particular components of the information society. In September 1998, a number of professionals in the sphere of information technologies, telecommunications and information policy, brought together by the common goal of developing the Information Society in Russia, had established an independent research and service organization called the [http://www.iis.ru/en/index.html Institute of the Information Society (IIS)]. And a few years later (November 2001), IIS and 50 other organizations from 7 Russian regions had initiated the creation of the [http://prior.russia-gateway.ru/en/ Russian e-Development Partnership (PRIOR)].

In spite of all, Russia did not have a national e-Strategy until year 2008. In August 2006, the government had adopted a new version of the program eRussia 2002 – 2010 drafted by the Ministry of Information Technologies and Communications. At the same time, objectives of governmental support to competitive domestic production in the sphere of ICT, development of national information infrastructure, as well as objectives of introducing ICT in activity of separate governmental bodies were singled out as special governmental and departmental programs and projects. Finally in February 2008, the president of Russia, Vladimir Putin, approved the '''Information Society Development Strategy in Russia''', which was elaborated with the assistance of the Institute of the Information Society.

===E-learning in Russian schools===

(mainly sourced from: ''Education of the Highest Quality – an Interview with Prof. Yuri Rubin at the Moscow Academy of Finance and Industry.'' and ''Russian Federation: E-Learning Policy to Transform Russian Schools. Document of The World Bank.'')

As early as the mid-60s, Russia under Soviet rule had recognized the importance of computer technology. Computers were introduced into general education with the aim of achieving a technological breakthrough for the USSR through development of information and computer literacy in all general school graduates. Special software was developed and teachers were trained. At the beginning of 90s, up to 28 % of schools were equipped with computers, mainly of Soviet make.

Neither the USSR then, nor Russia since, was able to sustain these pioneering efforts. The decentralization and under-funding of the Russian education system in the 90s resulted in a growing inequity of ICT availability across the education system. During that time, the only significant forward movement in the use of ICT in education was seen in higher education (HE). For the most part, because of the division of responsibilities for education between regional and federal levels, the push was uncoordinated. It had no clearly recognizable and coherent strategy for changing either educational content or methodologies. It also led to such a degree of diversification in technical specifications and software standards that it closed the door to any subsequent system-wide approach. The net effect was that investment in ICT in higher education in Russia had very few flow-on effects to other levels of education and generally at their expense. By the late 90s, Russia had become the only country with an increasing student to computer ratio in schools, a situation caused in part by the obsolescence of the first generation computers installed in the 80s.

However, Russia’s recently improved economic and political stability is changing the picture. Russia can now afford to recognize the urgent need to embed ICT in its educational practices in both general and vocational education. Moreover, there is a clear change of attitude toward ICT education in Russian society. The general public understands the importance of ICT. School administrators, teachers, and the teachers’ union also see ICT as an important part of the reform agenda – a comparatively recent development. At the political level too, all parties have acknowledged the importance of ICT education.

In the public sector, parallel with two presidential initiatives for installing modern computers in urban and rural schools, the federal government initiated two key policy programs that included measures to accelerate the introduction and integration of ICT education in both general and initial vocational schools. The programs were '''Development of the Common Education Information Space for 2001 – 2006''' (E-Education for short), published in August 2001, and Electronic Russia for 2002 – 2010 (E-Russia for short), published in January 2002. These initiatives were perceived as a key condition for integrating Russia into the community of developed countries. However, although the programs were interrelated, there was no clear mechanism for their administrative coordination. There was neither a mechanism to coordinate the efforts of the federal government with diverse regional and institutional initiatives.

Three private sector initiatives, in turn, marked interesting developments in educational funding. However, only the first was of direct relevance to general school needs and was aimed at providing a systemic change. It was the teacher training program started in 2000 by the Yukos oil company with the main goal of introducing Russian teachers to ICT in general and to the Internet in particular. The other two private ventures were the OSI auditorium.ru education portal initiative and the Teleschool project.

Despite the emergence of highly relevant government policies and programs, public support, and Russia's natural wealth of talent, Russia has faced huge difficulties in equipping its people with the skills necessary to compete in an information economy. Russia's huge landmass, thinly spread population, lack of available finances, and regional diversity have all brought daunting challenges, especially to the setting up of effective connectivity and digital networks.

So it can be said that the Russian e-learning market started to take shape only in the mid-2000s, and indeed, the country now has all the conditions for rapid development of e-learning. Since 2004, Russia has received support from [http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/ECAEXT/RUSSIANFEDERATIONEXTN/0,,menuPK:305605~pagePK:141159~piPK:141110~theSitePK:305600,00.html The World Bank] with developing higher education facilities, hardware and software application, and instructor lead professional development. So in the near future, many higher education institutions will be able to take an active part in using e-learning tools.

==Virtual initiatives in HE==

===Moscow State University for Economics, Statistics and Informatics (MESI)===

The [http://www.eng.mesi.ru/ Moscow State University for Economics, Statistics and Informatics (MESI)] is an innovative research and education complex comprising 50 branches, 117 representative offices and over 100 regional partners in the Russian Federation and abroad, namely in Armenia, Belarus, Bulgaria, Israel, Kazakhstan, Latvia and Ukraine. The number of students is 150,000, including some 7,000 foreign learners from 52 different countries around the world.

The employment of modern teaching and learning methods, and information and communication technologies (ICT), as well as the extensive use of modern software and educational resources are of high importance at MESI. Using its wide regional network, MESI also realizes joint research and educational programs with the leading Russian and foreign universities. At MESI, e-learning covers the following areas:

# '''Technologies''' Internet PC Communication and delivery tools
# '''Content authoring''' IMS and SCORM Adaptation for any delivery medium and bandwidth
# '''Teacher training ''' Instruments of LCMS E-Learning philosophy Time saving
# '''Delivery and promotion of e-Learning''' Online model Blended model Special intro-courses for all students (instrument of LCMS and philosophy of e-learning)
# '''Knowledge management''' Storage of all learning information and learning sequences Customized learning materials according to individual learners’ needs

The quality of e-learning is ensured with up-to-date materials, reliable technologies, student-centered pedagogical approaches, provision in technological support, regular teacher training and 24/7 tutor support, face-to-face assessment supervised by videoconferencing, practical assignments for every theoretical module, as well as SCORM and IMS conformance.

The different technologies used include:
* Forum, e-conference and chat
* Personal messages system
* Learning schedule or diary (personal and group learning events, learning plans)
* Assessment system
* File exchange system
* Wiki (allows students to exchange information through collaborative effort)
* Glossary
* Virtual classroom
* Module for mobile access
* Competency (skills) management system
* Learning results interpretation and analysis system
* Authoring
* Content authoring tools
* Specialized authoring tools (assessment producers, simulation tools etc.)
* Collaborative authoring environment

===Eurasian Open Institute (EOI)===

The [http://www.eoi.ru/ Eurasian Open Institute (EOI)] was established in 1998. It is a member of Russian Association of Business Education, Russian Association of Marketing, Association of Non-governmental Russian Institutions of Higher Education and International Educational Consortium ''Electronic University''. There are more than 3,000 graduate and about 100 postgraduate students at EOI, and the regional network unites as many as 11 branches, 83 representative offices and 75 partners organizations in various regions of Russia and CIS.

The Eurasian Open Institute offers a wide range of professional education programs: undergraduate, graduate, postgraduate and supplementary education, including online programs. In fact, there are more than 350 electronic courses available at EOI.

===North-West State Correspondence Technical University===

The [[North-West State Correspondence Technical University]] ([[NWTU]]) was founded in 1930. Today, it is one of the leading Russian universities in the sphere of enigineering education. From the university's inception, its mission has been to give people engaged in production an opportunity to recieve high quality education without significant interruption of their major activities.

The innovative educational environment of NWTU allows training of specialists in the interests of industrial enterprises of the region. An open educational domain of the university is based on the network cooperation of 39 educational centers, which allow people residing on a huge territory to recieve quality professional education. The components of the innovative educational environment of NWTU include:

* a system of determining professional competences;
* a modern methodology of setting up and using information resources;
* traditional and innovative educational technologies;
* a geographically distributed network of educational centers.

The basis for formation of a model of professional competences are the requirements of state educational standards and orders from the enterprises in the region. The choise of educational techniques and their integration into the educational program depend also on the customers' specialities and interests.

Additionally, there is an e-library at NWTU. The main purpose of the library is to provide the educational process with information support in time and in full. The e-library offers an entire set of services in remote servicing of students, and even the graduates of NWTU have an access to the information resources after their graduation.

Openness is the most important feature in the university's educational environment. NWTU was the first Russian HEI to place its video lectures for public access on [http://ru.youtube.com/nwtu You Tube] and on [http://www.corbina.tv/private_channels/VUZ_TV/ Corbina]. Another unique method that the university uses are the virtual laboratory works and workshops. The virtual laboratory complex of NWTU integrates functions of simulating programs, automated education and control.

===Ulyanovsk Consortium of Open Education===

The [http://ide.ukoo.ru/en/ Ulyanovsk Consortium of Open Education (UCOE)] is a regional educational association aimed at providing open and continuing education in the Ulyanovsk region. The key member of the association is the [[Ulyanovsk State Technical University]] (UlSTU), which provides the succesful implementation of open and continuing education within the region. UlSTU coordinates the association's activities in accordance with the declared mission - to provide open lifelong learning from everywhere and at any time.

The Ulyanovsk Consortium of Open Education embraces educational institutions, university branches and E&T centers providing different levels of education. The '''School of Business "Career"''' provides vocational education and training and refreshing courses, the '''College of Economics and Information Technology''' secondary vocational education and the '''Institute of Distance Education''' higher education.

Students and learners at the Institute of Distance Education have an opportunity to choose one of the suggested learning technologies depending on their individual learning style:

* '''Case-technology (hard copy)''' - a form of distance learning based on the use of sets (cases) of text and instructional materials designed to help students to learn the concepts, ideas and develop skills that they need to make progress in the chosen discipline. The course materials and approach used in each discipline differ. Students use the available support in different ways, depending on the circumstances and their own approach to learning.

* '''Networked learning (e-Learning Systems)''' - a type of learning in which learners and instructors use computers to exchange messages, engage in dialogue and access resources; the interaction can occur in real-time (synchronously) when learners and instructors are communicating at the same time from different places, or in delayed-time (asynchronously) when they are not linked at the same time. The students also have a traditional pre-assessment consultation. All e-Learning Systems have the hard-copy analogues, the advantages being as follows:
** Easy access via Internet or mediateques;
** Knowledge Control System and e-Learning Statistics;
** Interactivity (forum, chat);
** Multimedia tools;
** Just-in-time learning materials adjustment.

* '''Case-technology (CD-based)''' - a form of distance learning based on the use of multimedia instructional CDs designed to help students to learn the concepts, ideas and develop skills that they need to make progress in the chosen discipline. It is essential under the circumstances of limited Internet access and low-speed connection. CD eLearning Systems have the following advantages:
** Place independent learning at home or at workplace without extra costs on Internet;
** Unique Knowledge Control System and eLearning statistics tool providing data storing and transferring to the tutor;
** Modern multimedia technologies;
** Each CD contains a cross-discipline set of course materials.

* '''Videoconferencing technology''' - the videoconferencing technology provides students and teachers with the opportunity to expand teaching and learning possibilities. The technology offers faculty the ability to speak to their students, hold external examinations, collaborate with colleagues, extend theoretical and practical classes to remote locations. Students using videoconferencing will, in turn, have experiences in:
** Learning in an emerging technological environment that prepares students with real world communication skills;
** Utilizing resources including experts, professionals, remote institutional resources, and other students;
** Broadening the scope of learning resources.

==References==

* Brakker, Nadezhda & Kujbyshev, Leonid (2002): The Information Society and Technology in Russia. Cultivate Interactive 8:2002.
* CHECK.point eLearning (2005): Education of the Highest Quality – an Interview with Prof. Yuri Rubin at the Moscow Academy of Finance and Industry.
* Froumin, Isak, Canning, Mary & Vasiliev, Kirill (2003): Russian Federation: E-Learning Policy to Transform Russian Schools. Document of The World Bank.
* The Ministry of Education and Science & The State University - Higher School of Economics (2007): OECD Thematic Review of Tertiary Education – Country Background Report for the Russian Federation.
* The Russia Development Gateway Project (2001): Russia e-Readiness and e-Needs Assessment.
* Shumilova, Yulia (2007): Implementation of the Bologna Process in Russia: Tomsk Polytechnic University as a case model. A thesis submitted to the Department of Management Studies at University of Tampere.
* United Nations Information and Communication Technologies Task Force (2004): Promoting Enabling Environment for Information Society Development in CIS countries. United Nations ICT Task Force Europe and Central Asia Regional Network Series 1.

'''Relevant websites'''

* [http://www.iis.ru/en/index.html Institute of the Information Society]
* [http://www.eng.mesi.ru/ Moscow State University for Economics, Statistics and Informatics (MESI)]
* [http://www.nica.ru/main.en.phtml National Accreditation Agency]
* [http://prior.russia-gateway.ru/en/ Russian e-Development Partnership]
* [http://ide.ukoo.ru/en/ Ulyanovsk Consortium of Open Education]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Wikipedia]
* [http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/ECAEXT/RUSSIANFEDERATIONEXTN/0,,menuPK:305605~pagePK:141159~piPK:141110~theSitePK:305600,00.html The World Bank]

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[[Category:Country reports]]
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ULSTU

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#REDIRECT [[Ulyanovsk State Technical University]]
[[Category:Abbreviations]]

Ulyanovsk State Technical University

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{{stub}}
The '' Ulyanovsk State Technical University '' ('''Ульяновский Государственный
Технический Университет''', ULSTU) supports...


The institution’s main office is in Ulyanovsk, [[Russia]]. Other campuses...



The Ulyanovsk State Technical University web site is at http://www.ulstu.ru







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[[Category: Russia]]
[[Category:Universities]]
[[Category:Colleges]]
[[Category: University colleges]]

Abbreviations

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This is (to be) a full list of abbreviations for organisations and other activities of relevance to Re.ViCa.

A number of technical abbreviations are added - these do not link to Re.ViCa wiki pages. They are included as they are codes to avoid when creating or selecting codes for institutions and other entities.

Two-character codes are discouraged except when they are [[country codes]] but some are so common that we have been forced to adopt them.

Single-character codes are forbidden as they are used for various technical purposes.

'''Editors! Always check abbreviations first with Google and [http://www.acronymfinder.com/ Acronym finder]!'''

== Abbreviations ==
(other than 2-character country codes and 1-character codes for technical use)

The following list has been extracted from the list developed for [[The e-University Compendium]] and then further developed.

It is aimed to contain the standard abbreviations for all entities, institutions, programmes (especially [[MELI]]s etc) and projects of interest in the countries of most interest - plus for open/distance teaching universities across the world.

# [[AABSC]] stands for the [[Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business]]
# [[AAOU]] stands for the [[Asian Association of Open Universities]]
# [[AAU]] stands for [[Aalborg University]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[ABED]] stands for the [[Brazilian Association of Distance Education]]
# [[ACODE]] stands for [[Australasian Council on Open, Distance and E-Learning]]
# [[ACU]] stands for [[Association of Commonwealth Universities]] - see also [[Australian Catholic University]] and [[Abilene Christian University]] ([[US]])
# [[AIESAD]] stands for Asociación Iberoamericana de Educación Superior a Distancia, the [[Ibero-American Association of Distance Education Universities]]
# [[AIOU]] stands for the [[Allama Iqbal Open University]] ([[Pakistan]]) - see also
# AIOU stands for the [[Asia International Open University]] ([[Macao]])
# [[AIU]] stands for [[American InterContinental University]]
# [[AJU]] stands for [[Andrew Jackson University‎]] ([[US]])
# [[ALFA]] stands for [[América Latina - Formación Académica]], a programme of cooperation between higher education institutions of the European Union and Latin America
# [[ALT]] stands for [[Association for Learning Technology]], focussed on the [[UK]]
# [[AMBA]] stands for The Association of MBAs
# [[AmSU]] stands for [[Amur State University]] ([[Russia]])
# [[AMU]] stands for [[Academy of Performing Arts in Prague]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[ANCED]] stands for the [[Asociación Nacional de Centros de e-Learning y Distancia]] ([[Spain]])
# [[AOU]] stands for the [[Arab Open University]]
# [[APQN]] stands for [[Asia-Pacific Quality Network]]
# [[AQF]] stands for [[Australian Qualifications Framework]]
# [[ARIADNE]] stands for [[Alliance of Remote Instructional Authoring and Distribution Networks for Europe]]
# [[ARIEL]] stands for [[Analysing and Reporting the Implementation of Electronic Learning in Europe]]
# [[ASEAN]] stands for [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations]]
# [[ATN]] stands for [[Australian Technology Network]] (of universities)
# [[AU]] stands for [[Australia]] (the country) or:
# AU (DK) stands for [[Aarhus University]] ([[Denmark]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# AU (CA) stands for [[Athabasca University]] ([[Canada]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# AU stands for Ashford University ([[US]])
# [[AUCC]] stands for the [[Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada]]
# [[AUGent]] stands for [[Ghent University Association]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[AUHA]] stands for [[Associatie Universiteit & Hogescholen Antwerpen]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[AUHL]] stands for [[Associatie Universiteit-Hogescholen Limburg]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[AULP]] stands for [[Associação das Universidades de Língua Portuguesa]] ([[Association of Universities in the Language of Portuguese]])
# [[AUO]] stands for [[Ashford University Online]]
# [[AUQA]] stands for the [[Australian Universities Quality Agency]]
# [[AUT]] stands for [[Auckland University of Technology]] - no longer for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_University_Teachers Association of University Teachers] which does not exist now
# [[AUTH]] stands for [[Aristotle University of Thessaloniki]] ([[Greece]])
# [[AVU]] stands for [[African Virtual University]]
# [[AZUN]] stands for [[Arizona Universities Network]], [[US]]
# [[BAOU]] stands for [[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University]] ([[Turkey]])
# [[BAU]] stand for [[Al-Balqa' Applied University]] ([[Jordan]])
# [[BAWEST]] stands for [[Business Academy West]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[BBE]] stands for [[Business of Borderless Education]] (report)
# [[BCOU]] stands for [[British Columbia Open University]] (now absorbed into [[Thompson Rivers University]])
# [[Becta]] or formerly [[BECTa]] stands for [[British Educational Communications and Technology Agency]] ([[UK]]) but the long form is rarely used now
# [[BELNET]] stands for the [[Belgian Research and Education Network]]
# [[BFSU]] stands for [[Beijing Foreign Studies University]] ([[China]])
# [[BI]] stands for [[BI Norwegian School of Management]] - see also [[Burundi]], [[Africa]]
# [[BME]] stands for [[Budapest University of Technology and Economics]] ([[Hungary]])
# [[BMUKK]] stands for ''Bundesministerium für Unterricht, Kunst und Kultur''/ [[Federal_Ministry_for_Education%2C_Arts_and_Culture]] ([[Austria]])
# [[BMWF]] stands for ''Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung'' / [[Federal Ministry of Science and Research]] ([[Austria]])
# [[BNU]] stands for [[Beijing Normal University]] ([[China]])
# [[BOU]] stands for the [[Bangladesh Open University]]
# [[BRAOU]] stands for the [[Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[BSEC]] stands for [[Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation]]
# [[BTVU]] stands for [[Beijing Radio & TV University‎]] ([[China]])
# [[BVU]] stands for [[Bulgarian Virtual University]] or [[Best Virtual Universities Organisation]]
# [[CANARIE]] stands for [[Canadian Network for the Advancement of Research, Industry and Education]], the [[NREN]] in [[Canada]]
# [[CARADOL]] stands for the [[Caribbean Association for Distance and Open Learning]]
# [[CARET]] stands for the [[Centre for Applied Research in Educational Technologies at the University of Cambridge]]
# [[CBS]] stands for [[Copenhagen Business School]]
# [[CCC]] stands for [[Coastline Community College]] ([[US]])
# [[CCCOnline]] stands for [[Colorado Community Colleges Online]] ([[US]])
# [[CCDL]] stands for [[Cross Cultural Distance Learning]], an international consortium
# [[CCi]] stands for [[Corinthian Colleges]], Inc. ([[US]])
# [[CCRTVU]] stands for the [[China Central Radio & TV University]]
# [[Cederj]] stands for [[Center for Distance Learning of the State of Rio de Janeiro]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[CELI]] stands for [[Ceased E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[CERNET]] stands for the [[China Education and Research Network]]
# [[CETIS]] stands for [[Centre for Educational Technology Interoperability Standards]] but the long form is rarely used now ([[UK]])
# [[CEVU]] stands for [[Collaborative European Virtual University]]
# [[CHEA]] stands for [[Council for Higher Education Accreditation]] (US) - agency
# [[CHEI]] stands for [[Council for Higher Education]] ([[Israel]])
# [[CHEMS]] stands for [[Commonwealth Higher Education Management Service]] - now ceased
# [[CICEI]] stands for Centro de Innovación para la Sociedad de la Información (Innovation Center for the Information Society) ([[Canary Islands]]; [[Spain]])
# [[CIFFAD]] stands for [[Consortium International Francophone de Formation a Distance]]
# [[CMEC]] stands for the [[Council of Ministers of Education, Canada]]
# [[CMU]] stands for [[Carnegie Mellon University]] ([[US]])
# [[CNAM]] stands for [[Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers]] ([[France]])
# [[CNAVES]] was the Portuguese agency for quality in higher education. It closed in 2007 and is now replaced by another body.
# [[CNED]] stands for [[Centre National d'Enseignement à Distance]]. In French the abbreviation is [[Cned]] ([[France]])
# [[CNFD]] stands for [[Campus Numérique Francophone de Dakar]] ([[Senegal]])
# [[COL]] stands for [[Commonwealth of Learning]] ([[Canada]])
# [[COME]] stands for [[Warsaw University Centre for Open and Multimedia Education]] ([[Poland]])
# [[CPLP]] stands for [[Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa]] ([[Community of Portuguese Language Countries]])
# [[CRTVU]] stands for [[China Central Radio & TV University]]
# [[CRUP]] stands for [[Conselho de Reitores das Universidades Portuguesas]] ([[Portugal]])
# [[CSF]] stands for [[Critical success factor]]
# [[CSU]] stands for [[Charles Sturt University]] ([[Australia]])
# [[CTDLC]] stands for [[Connecticut Distance Learning Consortium]] ([[US]])
# [[CTU]] stands for [[Czech Technical University in Prague]] ([[Czech Republic]]) - see also [[Colorado Technical University]] ([[US]])
# [[CU Online]] stands for [[Colorado University Online]] ([[US]])
# [[CU]] stands for [[Charles University]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# CU stands for [[Cyber University]] ([[Japan]])
# [[CUTV]] stands for [[Carleton University]] Television ([[Canada]])
# [[CVA-RICESU]] stands for [[Comunidade Virtual de Aprendizagem Rede de Instituições Católicas de Ensino Superior]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[CVC]] stands for [[California Virtual Campus]] ([[US]])
# [[CVG]] stands for [[Campus Virtuel en Gestion]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[CVU]] stands for [[Canadian Virtual University]]. It was also used in the past for [[Clyde Virtual University]].
# [[DBIS]] stands for the [[Department for Business, Innovation & Skills]] of the [[UK]], which oversees universities and colleges
# [[DCSF]] is the ''Department for Children, Schools and Families'' of the [[UK]]
# [[DCU]] stands for [[Dublin City University]] ([[Ireland]]) - the host of [[OSCAIL]]
# [[DDU]] stands for the [[Dutch Digital University]] (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation [[DU]] commonly used in [[Netherlands]])
# [[DEASA]] stands for the [[Distance Education Association of Southern Africa]]
# [[DEEWR]] is the ''Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations'' in [[Australia]]
# [[DELNI]] is the ''Department for Employment and Learning, [[Northern Ireland]]''
# [[DELOS]] stands for [[Developing a European e-learning Observation System]]
# [[DEST]] is a department now merged into [[DEEWR]]
# [[DETYA]] stood for ''Department of Education, Training and Youth Affairs'' ([[Australia]]), later called [[DEST]]
# [[DfEE]] stands for the former ''Department for Education and Employment'' of the [[UK]], a very old name for [[DfES]]
# [[DfES]] stands for the former ''Department for Education and Skills'' of the [[UK]], now split into [[DCSF]] and [[DIUS]]
# [[DFID]] stands for ''Department for International Development'' of the [[UK]]
# [[DCU]] stands for [[Daegu Cyber University]] ([[South Korea]])
# [[DGAU]] stands for [[Dennis Gabor Applied University]] ([[Hungary]])
# [[DISC]] stands for [[Distance and International Study Center]] ([[Germany]]) - a.k.a. [[ZFUW]]
# [[DIUS]] is the ''Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills'' of the [[UK]]
# [[DTU]] stands for [[Technical University of Denmark]]
# [[DVD]] stands for Digital Versatile Disk (no longer Digital Video Disk)
# [[DVU]] stands for [[Danish Virtual University]]
# [[E.A.S.Y.]] stands for [[Agency for Easy Access to Virtual Campus]]
# [[EADL]] stands for [[European Association for Distance Learning]]
# [[EADTU]] stands for the [[European Association of Distance Teaching Universities]]
# [[EBS]] stands for [[Estonian Business School Open University]]
# [[ECDVU]] stands for [[Early Childhood Development Virtual University]]
# [[eChina]] stands for the [[Sino-UK eLearning Programme]]
# [[ECTS]] stands for ''European Credit Transfer System'', sometimes called the ''European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System''
# [[EDEN]] stands for [[European Distance and E-Learning Network]]
# [[EDHEC]] stands for [[École De Hautes Études Commerciales du Nord]] ([[France]])
# [[EdiNet]] stands for [[E-learning in Distributed Data Network Laboratory]]
# [[eduGI]] stands for [[Reuse and Sharing of e-Learning Courses in GI Science Education]]
# [[EEA]] stands for the [[:Category:European Economic Area|European Economic Area]]
# [[EELU]] stands for [[Egyptian E-Learning University]]
# [[EeU]] stands for [[Estonian e-University]]
# [[EEZ]] stands for the [[European Economic Zone]] of [[EU]], [[EEA]] and [[Switzerland]]
# [[EFQM]] stands for European Foundation for Quality Management
# [[EhB]] stands for [[Erasmus University College Brussels]]
# [[ELDDA]] stands for e-Learning Digital Dashboard
# [[eLene-TT]] stands for [[e-Learning Network for Teacher Training]]
# [[e-LERU]] stands for [[League of European Research Universities virtual campus]]
# [[ELUE]] stands for [[Improving quality of e-learning in universities]]
# [[ELWA]] stood for ''Education and Learning [[Wales]]'' but is no longer used - see [[HEFCW]]
# [[EML]] stands for Educational Markup Language
# [[eMM]] and [[EMM]] stand for the e-Learning Maturity Model for benchmarking e-learning
# [[E-move]] stands for [[An Operational Conception of Virtual Mobility]]
# [[EMTC]] stands for [[E. mokymosi technologijų centras]], in English [[e-Learning Technology Centre at Kaunas University of Technology]]
# [[ENQA]] stands for the [[European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education]]
# [[EPICS]] stands for [[European Portal for International Courses and Services for Virtual Erasmus]]
# [[EQO]] stands for [[European Quality Observatory]]
# [[EQUEL]] stands for [[E-quality in e-learning research Laboratoire]]
# [[EQUIS]] stands for European Quality Improvement System
# [[eRNIST]] stands for [[European Research Network for ICT in Schools of Tomorrow]]
# [[ESC]] stands for [[Empire State College]] ([[US]])
# [[ESEN]] stands for [[European Small and medium entreprise E-learning Network]]
# [[ESP-T]] stands for [[English for Specific Purposes: Therapeutic Professions]]
# [[ESRC]] stands for [http://www.esrc.ac.uk Economic and Social Research Council] ([[UK]])
# [[ETT.Campus]] stands for [[European Teachers and Trainers campus]]
# [[e-Ttnet]] stands for [[Training of trainers network for e-learning]]
# [[EU]] stands for [[European Union]]
# [[e-U]] stands for the [[UK e-University]] (the one that became [[UKeU]])
# [[EUA]] stands for [[European University Association]]
# [[EUNITE]] stands for [[European Universities Network for IT in Education]]
# [[e-URBs]] stands for [[European Master in Comparative Urban Studies]]
# [[EUROMOVE]] stands for [[European Mobility through Virtual Education]]
# [[EuroPACE]] stands for [[European Professional Association for Collaboration in E-Learning]]
# [[EVENE]] stands for [[Erasmus Virtual Economics & Management Studies Exchange]]
# [[EVICAB]] stands for [[European Virtual Campus for Biomedical Engineering]]
# [[EWNI]] stands for [[England, Wales and Northern Ireland]] - the home nations of the [[UK]] other than [[Scotland]]
# [[FADE]] stands for the [[Finnish Association for Distance Education]]
# [[FATECE]] stands for [[Faculdade de Tecnologia, Ciências e Educação]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[FC]] stands for [[Fisheries College, Bac Ninh]] ([[Vietnam]])
# [[FCCJ]] stands for [[Florida Community College]] Jacksonville
# [[FE]] stands for [[Further Education]] (post-school, non-degree courses)
# [[Fe-ConE]] stands for [[Framework for e-learning Contents Evaluation]]
# [[FELI]] stands for [[Failed E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[FernFH]] stands for [[Ferdinand Porsche FernFH]] ([[Austria]])
# [[FernFH]] stands for [[Ferdinand Porsche FernFH]] ([[Germany]])
# [[FernUni Hagen]] stands for [[FernUniversität in Hagen]] ([[Germany]])
# [[FGV]] stands for Fundação Getúlio Vargas - see [[FGV Online]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[FILTER]] stands for [[Economic filtering of knowledge]]
# [[FSM]] stands for the [[Federated States of Micronesia]] (a country)
# [[FUNDP]] stands for [[Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[FUNIBER]] stands for [[Fundación Universitaria Iberoamericana]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[FUSL]] stands for [[Facultés universitaires Saint-Louis]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[FVU]] stands for [[Finnish Virtual University]]
# [[G-20]] stands for the [[:Category:G-20 countries|Group of Twenty countries]]
# [[G8]] stands for the [[:Category:G8 countries|Group of Eight countries]]
# [[GELI]] stands for [[Giant E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[GROE]] stands for the project [[Global Resources for Online Education]]
# [[Group T]] stands for [[Group T-International University College Leuven]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[GTCS]] stands for [[Georgia Technical College System]] ([[US]])
# [[GU8]] stands for [[Global U8 Consortium]]
# [[GUA]] stands for [[Global University Alliance]], but this phrase has multiple meanings
# [[GVTC]] stands for [[Georgia Virtual Technical College]] ([[US]])
# [[GVU]] stands for [[Global Virtual University]]
# [[HCMCOU]] stands for [[Ho Chi Minh City Open University]] ([[Vietnam]])
# [[HE]] stands for Higher Education (universities and similar institutions)
# [[HECS]] stands for the Higher Education Contribution Scheme, now replaced by the [http://www.ato.gov.au/individuals/pathway.asp?pc=001/002/008/007&mnu=998&mfp=001/002&cy=1 Higher Education Loan Programme] (HELP)
# [[HEFCE]] stands for ''Higher Education Funding Council for England'' ([[UK]])
# [[HEFCW]] stands for ''Higher Education Funding Council for Wales'' ([[UK]])
# [[HEI]] stands for ''Higher Education Institution''
# [[HELIOS]] stands for [[Horizontal E-Learning Integrated Observation System]]
# [[HERO]] stands for Higher Education and Research Opportunities ([[UK]])
# [[HES]] stands for [[Harvard University Extension School]] ([[US]])
# [[HESA]] stands for [[Higher Education South Africa]], an association of Rectors
# [[HETAC]] stands for the [[Higher Education and Training Awards Council]] ([[Ireland]])
# [[HFH]] stands for [[Hamburger Fern-Hochschule]] ([[Austria]])
# [[HFH]] stands for [[Hamburger Fern-Hochschule]] ([[Germany]])
# [[HiG]] stands for [[University of Gävle]] - Högskolan i Gävle ([[Sweden]])
# [[HKU]] stands for [[University of Hong Kong]]
# [[HKVU]] stands for [[Hong Kong Virtual University]]
# [[HKCyberU]] stands for the [[Hong Kong Cyber University]] at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University
# [[HNRTVU]] or [[Henan RTV]] stands for [[Henan Radio & TV University‎]] ([[China]])
# [[HOU]] (GR) stands for the [[Hellenic Open University]] ([[Greece]]) or:
# HOU (VT) [[Hanoi Open University]] ([[Vietnam]])
# [[Howest]] stands for [[University College West Flanders]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[HSUM]] stands for [[Health Sciences University of Mongolia]]
# [[HUBrussel]] stands for [[Hogeschool-Universiteit_Brussel]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[HUT]] used to be used for [[Helsinki University of Technology]] ([[Finland]]) but [[TKK]] (Teknillinen KorkeaKoulu) is preferred
# [[HW]] stands for [[Heriot-Watt University]]
# [[HYCU]] stands for [[Hanyang Cyber University]] ([[South Korea]])
# [[IAU]] stands for [[International Association of Universities]]
# [[IBA]] stands for [[International Business Academy]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[IBC]] stands for [[International Business College]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[ICDE]] stands for the [[International Council for Open and Distance Education]]
# [[ICDL]] stands for the former International Centre for Distance Learning (at [[UKOU]]) - the database is still available to subscribers
# [[ICETEL]] stands for [[Improving Continuing Education and Training through e-learning]]
# [[IDCE]] stands for the [[[Institute of Distance and Continuing Education]http://www.uog.edu.gy/schools/idce]]
# [[IEC]] stands for the [[Idaho Electronic Campus]]
# [[IGNOU]] stands for [[Indira Gandhi National Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[IHA]] stands for [[Engineering College of Aarhus]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[IHK]] stands for [[Copenhagen University College of Engineering]] ([[Denmark]])
# IIT stands for [[Indian Institute of Technology]] ([[India]]); or
# IIT stands for [[Institute of Information Technology]] ([[Vietnam]]) - see also [[IOIT]]
# [[ILCCO]] stands for [[Illinois Community Colleges Online]] ([[US]])
# [[IMRTVU]] stands for [[Inner Mongolia Radio & TV University]]
# [[IMS]] used to stand for Instructional Management System (the initials IMS are no longer an acronym)
# [[INQAAHE]] stands for [[International Network for Quality Assurance Agencies in Higher Education]]
# [[IOCCOC]] stands for [[Iowa Community College Online Consortium]] ([[US]])
# [[IOIT]] stands for [[Institute of Information Technology]] ([[Vietnam]]) - see also [[IIT]]
# [[IOU]] stands for [[Intercultural Open University]] (based in the [[Netherlands]])
# [[ISI]] stands for [[Independent Study in Idaho]] ([[US]])
# [[ITESM]] stands for ''Instituto Tecnologico Superior de Monterrey'' - see [[Tecnológico de Monterrey]] ([[Mexico]])
# [[ITIU]] stansd for [[Università telematica internazionale UNINETTUNO]]
# [[ITU]] stands for [[IT-University of Copenhagen]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[It-vest]] stands for [[IT University West]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[IU]] stands for [[Indiana University]] Online
# [[IUA]] stands for the [[Irish Universities Association]] ([[Ireland]]) (Republic)
# [[IVC]] stands for the [[Illinois Virtual Campus]] ([[US]])
# [[JANET]] stands for Joint Academic NETwork (alleged originally to be a name significant to one of the original developers) ([[UK]])
# [[JIU]] stands for [[Jones International University]]
# [[JKU]] stands for [[Johannes Kepler Universität Linz]] ([[Austria]])
# [[JPPSG]] stands for [[Joint Procurement Policy and Strategy Group]] ([[UK]] Higher Education)
# [[JSTVU]] stands for [[Jiangsu Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[KaHo Sint-Lieven]] stands for [[Katholieke Hogeschool Sint-Lieven]]/[[Catholic University College Ghent]]([[Belgium]])
# [[KHiS]] stands for [[Kommuner och Hogskolor i Samverkan]] ([[Sweden]])
# [[KHK]] stands for [[KH Kempen University College]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[KHLim]] stands for [[Limburg Catholic University College| Katholieke Hogeschool Limburg]] or [[Limburg Catholic University College]] in English ([[Belgium]])
# [[KIIB&M]] stands for [[Kuban Institute of International Business and Management]] ([[Russia]])
# [[KIU]] stands for [[Knowledge International University]] ([[Saudi Arabia]])
# [[KKHSOU]] stands for [[K. K. Handique State University]] or K. K. Handique State Open University ([[India]])
# [[KNOU]] stands for [[Korea National Open University]]
# [[KSF]] stands for [[Key success factor]]
# [[KSOU]] stands for [[Karnataka State Open University]]
# [[KTH]] stands for [[KTH Royal Institute of Technology]] ([[Sweden]])
# [[KU]] (DK) stands for [[University of Copenhagen]] ([[Denmark]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# KU (KE) stands for [[Kenyatta University]] ([[Kenya]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# KU (US) stands for [[Kaplan College]] or Kaplan University ([[US]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation)
# [[KYVC]] and [[KYVU]] stand for [[Kentucky Virtual University]] ([[US]])
# [[LATWF]] stands for the [[Learning and Technology World Forum]], a series of conferences held each January in London, [[UK]]
# [[LCUC]] stands for [[Limburg Catholic University College]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[LERU]] stands for [[League of European Research Universities]]
# [[LieDM]] or [[LIEDM]] stands for [[Lithuanian National Distance Education Network]]
# [[LIFE]] stands for [[Learning Interoperability Framework for Europe]]
# [[LiU]] stands for [[Linköping University]]
# [[LIVIUS]] stands for [[Learning in a Virtual Integrated University]]
# [[LSDA]] stands for the former Learning and Skills Development Agency ([[UK]]) - now split into [[LSN]] and [[QIA]]
# [[LTSC]] stands for Learning Technology Standards Committee (of IEEE)
# [[LU]] stands for [[Luxembourg]] (the country) or:
# LU (CA) stands for [[Lakehead University]] ([[Canada]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# LU (CA) stands for [[Laurentian University]] ([[Canada]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation)
# [[LVU]] stands for [[Lithuanian Virtual University]]
# [[MASSIVE]] stands for [[Modelling Advice and Support Services to Integrate Virtual Component in Higher Education]]
# [[MASTER]] stand for [[Mobility, Assessment, Selection, Technology and E-Learning Research]]
# [[MEDIU]] stands for [[Al-Madinah International University]] ([[Philippines]])
# [[MELI]] stands for [[Major E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[MENU]] stands for [[Model for a European Networked University for e-Learning]]
# [[MESI]] stands for [[Moscow State University of Economics, Statistics and Informatics]] ([[Russia]])
# [[MEXT]] stands for the [[Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology]] ([[Japan]])
# [[MIT]] stands for the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] ([[US]])
# [[MOO]] stands for Multi-User Dungeons, Object Oriented
# [[MPBOU]] stands for [[Madhya Pradesh Bhoj Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[MSU]] stands for [[Michigan State University]] ([[US]])
# [[MU]] stands for [[Masaryk University]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[MUW]] stands for [[Medizinische Universität Wien]] ([[Austria]])
# [[MVHS]] stands for Michigan Virtual High School ([[US]]) - see [[Michigan Virtual University]]
# [[MVS]] stands for Michigan Virtual School ([[US]]) - see [[Michigan Virtual University]]
# [[MVU]] (US) stands for [[Michigan Virtual University]] ([[US]]) - or:
# MVU stands for [[Mediterranean Virtual University]], a consortium
# [[NADE]] (NO) stands for the [[Norwegian Association for Distance Education]] or:
# NADE (LT) stands for the [[National Association of Distance Education]] in [[Lithuania]]
# [[NAHE]] stands for the [[Swedish National Association for Higher Education]]
# [[NCSL]] stands for [[National College for School Leadership]] in the [[UK]]
# [[NCU]] stands for [[Northcentral University]] ([[US]])
# [[NDEC]] stands for the National Distance Education Centre of [[Ireland]] - see also [[Oscail]] in Irish
# [[NDMA]] stands for [[Nacionaline distancinio mokymo asociacija]], in English [[National Association of Distance Education]]
# [[NELI]] stands for [[Notable E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[NIME]] stands for the [[National Institute of Multimedia Education]] ([[Japan]])
# [[NJVU]] stands for [[New Jersey Virtual University]] ([[US]])
# [[NKI]] stands for [[NKI Distance Education]], the main distance learning provider in [[Norway]]
# [[NKS]] stands for [[NKS Nettstudier]], sometimes called [[NKS Distance Education]] ([[Norway]]) (to be carefully distinguished from [[NKI]])
# [[NMMU]] stands for [[Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[NOKUT]] stands for ''Nasjonalt organ for kvalitet i utdanningen'', the [[Norwegian Agency for Quality Assurance in Education]]
# [[NOU]] stands for [[Norway Opening Universities]], the innovation programme in e-learning for HE in [[Norway]] - or:
# [[NOU]] stands for [[National Open University]] of [[Taiwan]]
# [[NOUN]] stands for the [[National Open University of Nigeria]]
# [[NPTEL]] stands for [[National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning]] ([[India]])
# [[NQAI]] stands for the [[National Qualifications Authority of Ireland]]
# [[NREN]] stands for ''National Research and Education Network''
# [[NSHU]] stands for the [[Swedish Agency for Networks and Cooperation in Higher Education]], formerly called the Swedish Net University Agency - be careful to distinguish this from [[NHSU]], the [[NHS University]] of the [[UK]]
# [[NSOU]] stands for [[Netaji Subhas Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[NSU]] stands for [[Nova Southeastern University]] ([[US]])
# [[NUCCAT]] stands for ''Northern Universities Consortium for Credit Accumulation and Transfer''
# [[NUS]] stands for [[National University of Singapore]]
# [[NUST]] stands for [[National University of Science and Technology]] ([[Zimbabwe]])
# [[NVU]] stands for [[Norwegian Networked University]], an association in Norway
# [[NWPI]] stands for [[North-West State Correspondence Technical University]] ([[Russia]])
# [[NWU]] stands for [[North-West University]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[NZQA]] stands for the [[New Zealand Qualifications Authority]]
# [[OBHE]] stands for the [[Observatory on Borderless Higher Education]]
# [[ODLAA]] stands for the [[Open and distance learning association of Australia]]
# [[ODU]] stands for [[Old Dominion University]] ([[US]])
# [[OECD]] stands for Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
# [[OHO]] stands for [[Open Hoger Onderwijs]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[OISE]] stands for the [[Ontario Institute for Studies in Education]] - part of the [http://www.utoronto.ca/ University of Toronto] ([[Canada]])
# [[OKI]] stands for Open Knowledge Initiative
# [[OLA]] stands for [[Open Learning Agency]] (British Columbia) – to be closed. It could also stand for ''Open Learning Australia''.
# [[OLCOS]] stands for [[Open e-Learning Content Observatory Services]]
# [[OLF]] stands for [[Open Learning Foundation]] in the [[United Kingdom]]
# [[OLIF]] stands for the [[Online Learning Innovation Fund]] of the [[UK]]
# [[OPENU]] stands for [[Open University of Israel]] ([[Israel]]) - also [[OUI]]
# [[OPNZ]] stands for the [[Open Polytechnic of New Zealand]]
# [[ORMEE]] stands for [[Observatory on Rights Management for e-Learning in Europe]]
# [[OSU]] (CZ) stands for [[University of Ostrava]] ([[Czech Republic]]) - or:
# OSU (RU) [[Orenburg State University]] ([[Russia]])
# [[OTEN]] stands for [[Open Training and Education Network]] ([[Australia]])
# [[OU Libya]] stands for [[Open University of Libya]] ([[Libya]])
# [[OU]] is a common abbreviation for UK [[Open University]] - we try to use [[UKOU]] instead
# [[OUA]] stands for [[Open Universities Australia]] -- formerly ''Open Learning Australia''
# [[OUBS]] stands for [[Open University Business School in Denmark]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[OUC]] (CY) stands for [[Open University of Cyprus]] ([[Cyprus]]) or:
# OUC (US) stands for [[Online University Consortium]] ([[US]])
# [[OUHK]] stands for [[Open University of Hong Kong]]
# [[OUI]] stands for [[Open University of Israel]] - also, [[OPENU]]
# [[OUJ]] stands for the [[Open University of Japan]], formerly the [[University of the Air]]
# [[OUM]] stands for [[Open University of Malaysia]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[OUN]] stands for [[Open Universiteit Nederland]]
# [[OUNR]] stands for [[Open University National Role]] ([[UK]])
# [[OUS]] stands for the [[Open University of Sudan]]
# [[OUSL]] stands for the [[Open University of Sri Lanka]]
# [[OUT]] stands for the [[Open University of Tanzania]]
# [[OUWB]] stands for [[Ohio University Without Boundaries]], [[US]]
# [[P2PU]] stands for [[Peer 2 Peer University]], [[US]]
# [[PANdora]] stands for Pan Asia Networking distance and open resource access, a study project
# [[PBP-VC]] stands for [[Promoting Best Practice in Virtual Campuses]]
# [[PHL]] stands for [[PHL University College]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[PI]] stands for [[Greek Pedagogical Institute]]
# [[PLATO]] stands for [[ICT Platform for Online Learning and Experiences Accreditation in the Mobility Programme]]
# [[PLM-OU]] stands for [[Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila Open University]] ([[Philippines]])
# [[PnM]] or [[PNM]] stand for [[Pick&Mix]]
# [[PNU]] stands for [[Payame Noor University]] ([[Iran]])
# [[PolyU]] stands for [[Hong Kong Polytechnic University]]
# [[PPIU]] stands for [[Phnom Penh International University]] ([[Cambodia]])
# [[PROMETEUS]] stands for PROmoting Multimedia access to Education and Training in EUropean Society
# [[PRTVU]] stands for one of the provincial-level Radio & TV universities in [[China]]
# [[PSSOU]] stands [[Pt. Sunderlal Sharma Open University| Pandit Sunderlal Sharma Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[PSU]] stands for Pennsylvania State University ([[US]]) - see [[Penn State World Campus]]
# [[PUP OU]] stands for [[Polytechnic University of the Philippines]] Open University System ([[Philippines]])
# [[PUW]] stands for [[Polski Uniwersytet Wirtualny]], the [[Polish Virtual University]]
# [[QA]] stands for [[quality assurance]]
# [[QAA]] stands for Quality Assurance Agency (for Higher Education in the [[UK]])
# [[QCA]] stands for Qualifications and Curriculum Authority ([[UK]])
# [[QOU]] stands for [[Al-Quds Open University]] ([[Palestine]])
# [[QUADEM]] stands for [[Quality Assessment of Digital Educational Materials]]
# [[QUAL-E-LEARNING]] stands for [[La qualité de l'eLearning]]
# [[QUT]] stands for [[Queensland University of Technology]] ([[Australia]])
# [[REVE]] stands for [[REal Virtual Erasmus]]
# [[RIO]] stands for Reusable Information Object (as at Cisco)
# [[RLO]] stands for Reusable Learning Object (as at Cisco)
# [[RMIT]] stands for Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (former name for RMIT) ([[Australia]])
# [[RRU]] stands for [[Royal Roads University]] ([[Canada]])
# [[RUC]] stands for [[Roskilde University]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[SAIDE]] stands for [[South African Institute for Distance Education]]
# [[SAIDI]] stands for [[Southeast Asia Interdisciplinary Development Institute]] School of Organization Development ([[Philippines]])
# [[SCAD]] stands for [[Savannah College of Art and Design]] ([[US]])
# [[SCONUL]] stands for Society of College, National and University Libraries
# [[SCORM]] stands for Sharable Course (or Courseware or Content) Object Reference Model
# [[SCQF]] stands for [[Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework]] ([[UK]])
# [[SCRTVU]] stands for [[Sichuan Radio & TV University]] ([[China]]) - see also [[SRTVU]]
# [[SCU]] stands for [[Southern Cross University]] ([[Australia]])
# [[Scuola IaD]] stands for [[Scuola IaD| Scuola per l'Istruzione a Distanza]], University of Rome Tor Vergata ([[Italy]])
# [[SDU]] (DK) stands for [[University of Southern Denmark]] ([[Denmark]]) - or:
# SDU (KR) stands for [[Seoul Digital University]] ([[Korea]])
# [[SEAMOLEC]] stands for [[South Asian Minister of Education Organization Regional Open Learning Center]] ([[Indonesia]])
# [[SEEL]] stands for [[Supporting Excellence in eLearning]]
# [[SEEQUEL]] stands for [[Sustainable Environment for the Evaluation of Quality in eLearning]]
# [[SEFI]] stands for [[European Society for Engineering Education]]
# [[SEU]] stands for [[Southeast University]] ([[Bangladesh]])
# [[SFC]] stands for the [[Scottish Funding Council]] ([[UK]])
# [[SFEFC]] stood for the former ''Scottish Further Education Funding Council'', now part of the [[Scottish Funding Council]] ([[UK]])
# [[SFU]] stands for [[Simon Fraser University]], in Vancouver ([[Canada]])
# [[SHEFC]] stands for the former ''Scottish Higher Education Funding Council'', now part of the [[Scottish Funding Council]] ([[UK]])
# [[SHTVU]] stands for [[Shanghai TV University]] - see also [[STVU]]
# [[SHU]] stands for [[Sheffield Hallam University]] ([[UK]])
# [[SLN]] stands for [[SUNY Learning Network]] ([[US]])
# [[SPC]] stands for [[St. Petersburg College]] ([[US]])
# [[SREB]] stands for [[Southern Regional Electronic Board]] ([[Electronic Campus]])
# [[SRTVU]] stands for [[Sichuan Radio & TV University]] ([[China]]) - see also [[SCRTVU]]
# [[STOU]] stands for [[Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University]] ([[Thailand]])
# [[STVU]] stands for [[Shanghai TV University]] - see also [[SHTVU]]
# [[SUA]] stands for [[Sokoine University of Agriculture]] ([[Tanzania]])
# [[SURF]] stands for the Dutch educational network ([[Netherlands]])
# [[SURFnet]] stands for SURF network ([[Netherlands]])
# [[SVC]] stands for [[Swiss Virtual Campus]]
# [[SVU]] stands for [[Syrian Virtual University]]
# [[SXRTVU]] stands for [[Shaanxi Radio and Television University]] ([[China]])
# [[SYTVU]] stands for [[Shenyang Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[TDU]] stand for [[Thematic Digital Universities]] ([[France]])
# [[TechBC]] stand for the former [[Technical University of British Columbia]] ([[Canada]])
# [[TÉLUQ ]] (and various variants) stands for the [[Télé-université]] du Québec, now part of the [[Université du Québec à Montréal]] ([[UQAM]])
# [[TGOU]] stands for the [[The Global Open University of Zambia]]
# [[TJRTVU]] stands for [[Tianjin Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[TKK]] stands for [[Helsinki University of Technology]] ('''''T'''eknillinen '''k'''orkea'''k'''oulu'')
# [[TLTP]] stands for Teaching and Learning Technology Programme ([[UK]])
# [[TNOU]] stands for [[Tamil Nadu Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[TQEF]] stands for [[Teaching Quality Enhancement Fund]] ([[UK]])
# [[TRU]] stands for [[Thompson Rivers University]] ([[Canada]])
# [[TUT]] stands for [[Tallinn University of Technology]] ([[Estonia]]) or:
# TUT stands for [[Tshwane University of Technology]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[TVU]] stands for [[Tamil Virtual University]] ([[India]])
# [[U21]] stands for [[Universitas 21]]
# UAB (BR) stands for [[Universidade Aberta do Brasil]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[UAb]] (PT) stands for [[Universidade Aberta]], the [[Portuguese Open University]] ([[Portugal]])
# [[UAE]] stands for [[United Arab Emirates]] (the country)
# [[UArctic]] stands for [[University of the Arctic]]
# [[UB]] stands for [[University of Baltimore]] ([[US]])
# [[UC3M]] stands for [[University Carlos III of Madrid]]
# [[UCAS]] stands for Universities and Colleges Admissions System ([[UK]])
# [[UCC]] stands for [[University College Copenhagen]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCF]] stands for [[University of Central Florida]] ([[US]])
# [[UCISA]] stands for the Universities and Colleges Information Systems Association ([[UK]])
# [[UCJ]] stands for [[Jutland University College]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCL]] stand for [[University College London]] ([[UK]])
# [[UCM]] stands for [[Complutensian University of Madrid]]
# [[UCN]] stands for [[University College of Northern Denmark]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCOE]] stands for [[Ulyanovsk Consortium of Open Education]]
# [[UCOL]] stands for [[Universal College of Learning]] ([[New Zealand]])
# [[UCSC]] stands for [[University of Colombo School of Computing]] ([[Sri Lanka]])
# [[UCSJ]] stands for [[University College Sealand]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCSouth]] stands for [[University College South]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCT]] stands for [[University of Cape Town]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[UDIMA]] stands for [[Universidad a distancia de Madrid]], or Open University of Madrid ([[Spain]])
# [[UEF]] stands for the [[University of Eastern Finland]] ([[Finland]])
# [[Ufi]] (or sometimes [[UFI]]) stands for [[University for Industry]], who deliver [[learndirect]] ([[UK]])
# [[UFS]] stands for [[University of the Free State]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[UGent]] stands for [[Universiteit Gent]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[UH]] stands for [[University of Hawaii]] System ([[US]])
# [[UHI]] stands for [[University of the Highlands and Islands]] ([[Scotland]]) ([[UK]])
# [[UIS]] stands for [[University of Illinois Springfield]]
# [[UiTM]] stands for [[Universiti Teknologi MARA]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[UK]] stands for [[United Kingdom]] - see also the University of Kentucky ([[US]])
# [[UKeU]] is the [[UK e-University]], more properly called [[UK eUniversities Worldwide Limited]] ([[UK]])
# [[UKEU]] stands for [[UK eUniversities Worldwide Limited]], or the [[UK eUniversity]] ([[UK]])
# [[UKOLN]] stands for UK Office for Library and Information Networking ([[UK]])
# [[UKOU]] stands for UK [[Open University]] ([[UK]])
# [[ULB]] stands for [[Université Libre de Bruxelles]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[ULC]] stands for [[University College Lillebaelt]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[ULg]] stands for [[University of Liege]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[ULPGC]] stands for [[University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria]] ([[Canary Islands]]; [[Spain]])
# [[UMCS]] stands for [[Maria Curie-Sklodowska University]]
# [[UMH]] stands for the [[Université de Mons-Hainaut]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[UMU]] stand for [[Umeå University]]
# [[UMUC]] stands for [[University of Maryland University College]] ([[US]])
# [[UNAD]] stands for [[Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia]] ([[Colombia]])
# [[UNAM]] stands for [[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]] ([[Mexico]])
# [[UnB]] stands for [[University of Brazil]] (Universidade de Brasilia) ([[Brazil]])
# [[UNE]] (AU) stands for [[University of New England]] ([[Australia]]) - or:
# UNE (US) stands for [[University of New England (US)]]
# [[UNED]] stands for [[Universidad Estatal a Distancia]] ([[Costa Rica]])
# [[UNED]] stands for [[Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UNESCO]] stands for the [[United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization]]
# [[UNIA]] stands for the [[International University of Andalusia]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UNIACC]] stands for [[Universidad de las Artes, Ciencias, y Comunicaciones]] ([[Chile]])
# [[Uniandes]] stands for [[University of the Andes]] ([[Colombia]])
# [[UNIEDPA]] stands for [[Universidad Estatal a Distancia]] ([[Panama]])
# [[UNINETT]] is the National Education and Research Network for [[Norway]]
# [[UNIOVI]] stands for [[University of Oviedo]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UNI-QM]] stands for [[European University Quality Management Tools for Lifelong Learning]]
# [[UniSA]] stands for [[University of South Australia]] ([[Australia]])
# [[UNISA]] stands for the [[UNISA Online Campus]] at the [[University of South Africa]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[UNISIM]] or [[UniSIM]] stands for [[SIM University]] ([[Singapore]])
# [[UNITAR]] stands for [[Universiti Tun Abdul Razak]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[UNIURB]] stands for [[University of Urbino "Carlo Bo"]] ([[Italy]])
# [[UNR]] stands for [[Universités numériques en région]] ([[France]])
# [[UNT]] stands for [[Universités Numériques Thématiques]] ([[France]])
# [[UOB]] stands for [[University of Bahrain]] ([[Bahrain]])
# [[UOC]] stands for [[Universitat Oberta de Catalunya]], the ''Open University of Catalonia'' ([[Spain]]
# [[UoL]] stands for [[University of London]]
# [[UoP]] stands for [[University of the People]] ([[US]])
# [[UOPX]] stands for [[University of Phoenix]] ([[US]])
# [[UPX]] stands for [[University of Phoenix]] ([[US]])
# [[UOU]] stands for [[Uttarakhand Open University]] ([[India]] )
# [[UPC]] stands for [[Polytechnic University of Catalonia]]
# [[UPF]] stands for [[Pompeu Fabra University]]
# [[UPM]] stands for [[Universidad Politécnica de Madrid]], the [[Technical University of Madrid]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UPOU]] stands for [[University of the Philippines Open University]] ([[Philippines]])
# [[UPRTOU]] stands for [[U.P. Rajarshi Tandon Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[URJC]] stands for [[Rey Juan Carlos University]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UQAM]] stands for the [[Université du Québec à Montréal]] ([[Canada]])
# [[USDLA]] stands for the [[United States Distance Learning Association]] ([[United States]])
# [[USM]] stands for [[Universiti Sains Malaysia]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[USOU]] stands for [[United States Open University]] ([[United States]])
# [[USP]] (BR) stands for the [[University of Sao Paulo]] ([[Brazil]]) or:
# [[USP]] (FJ) stands for the [[University of the South Pacific]] ([[Fiji]]) (online learning)
# [[USQ]] (AU) stands for [[University of Southern Queensland]] ([[Australia]])
# [[USV]] stands for [[Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava]] ([[Romania]])
# [[UAPA]] stands for [[Open University for Adults]] ([[Dominican Republic]])
# [[UT]] (NL) stands for [[University of Twente]] ([[Netherlands]]) - (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# [[UT]] (IN) stands for [[Universitas Terbuka]] ([[Indonesia]]) - (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# [[UT]] (EE) stands for [[University of Tartu]] ([[Estonia]]) - (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation)
# [[UTPL]] stands for [[Universidad Tecnica Particular de Loja]] ([[Ecuador]])
# [[UU]] stands for [[Uppsala University]]
# [[UUK]] stands for [[Universities UK]] ([[United Kingdom]])
# [[UvA]] stands for [[University of Amsterdam]]
# [[UVF]] stands for [[Université Virtuelle Francophone]] ([[Canada]])
# [[UVPL]] stands for [[Université Virtuelle en Pays de la Loire]] ([[France]])
# [[UVQ]] stands for [[Universidad Virtual de Quilmes]] ([[Argentina]])
# [[UVT]] stands for [[Université Virtuelle de Tunis]] ([[Tunisia]])
# [[UWI]] stands for [[University of the West Indies]]
# [[UWIDEC]] stands for [[University of the West Indies]] - Distance Education Centre
# [[UWO]] stands for [[University of Western Ontario]] ([[Canada]])
# [[UWS]] stands for [[University of the West of Scotland]] ([[UK]])
# [[VCSE]] stands for [[Virtual Campus for A Sustainable Europe]]
# [[VEBS]] stands for [[Virtual European Banking School]]
# [[VENUS]] stands for [[Virtual and E-mobility for Networking Universities in Society]]
# [[VFH]] stands for [[Hochschulverbund Virtuelle Fachhochschule]] ([[Germany]]))
# [[VGU]] stands for the [[Virtual Global University]]
# [[VHB]] stands for [[Bavarian Virtual University]] ([[Germany]])
# [[ViCaDiS]] stands for [[Virtual Campus for Digital Students]]
# [[VICTORIOUS]] stands for [[VIrtual Curricula ThrOugh Reliable InterOperating University Systems]]
# [[VIPA]] stands for [[VIrtual campus for virtual space design Provided for european Architects]]
# [[VirtUE]] stands for [[Virtual University for Europe]]
# [[VM-BASE]] stands for [[Virtual Mobility Before and After Student Exchanges]]
# [[VMOU]] stands for [[Vardhaman Mahaveer Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[VŠERS]] stands for [[College of European and Regional Studies]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[VSZDRAV]] stands for [[College of Nursing and Midwifery]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[VU]] stands for [[Pakistan Virtual University]] or Virtual University of Pakistan
# [[VUB]] stands for [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[VUSAT]] stands for [[Virtual University for the Semi-Arid Tropics]] ([[India]])
# [[VUSME]] stands for [[Virtual University for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises]]
# [[VUSSC]] stands for [[Virtual University for Small States of the Commonwealth]]
# [[VUT]] stands for [[Brno University of Technology]]
# [[W&K]] stands for [[Hogeschool voor Wetenschap & Kunst]] / [[University College for Sciences and Arts]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[WADEA]] stands for the [[West African Distance Education Association]]
# [[WCEL]] stands for [[Waikato Centre for eLearning]] ([[New Zealand]])
# [[WCET]] stands for Western Cooperative for Educational Telecommunications
# [[Webcampus]] of the [[Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix]] (FUNDP) ([[Belgium]])
# [[WGU]] stands for [[Western Governors University]] ([[US]])
# [[WHOLE]] stands for [[Web-based health Organisations Learning Environment]]
# [[WOU]] stands for [[Wawasan Open University]]
# [[WSEH]] stands for [[Academy of Humanities and Economics]]
# [[WTO]] stands for World Trade Organisation
# [[XML]] stands for Extensible Markup Language
# [[YCMOU]] stands for [[Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[YÖK]] stands for ''Yükseköğretim Kurulu'', the Turkish for [[Council of Higher Education (Turkey)]]
# [[YRTVU]] stands for [[Yunnan Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[ZFH]] stands for [[Zentralstelle für Fernstudien an Fachhochschulen]] ([[Germany]])
# [[ZFUW]] stands for [[Zentrum für Fernstudien und Universitäre Weiterbildung]] ([[Germany]])
# [[ZAOU]] stands for [[Zambian Open University]]
# [[ZOU]] stands for [[Zimbabwe Open University]]

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> [[Programmes]]
 
>> [[Main Page]]

[[Category:Abbreviations| ]]

UCOE

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#REDIRECT [[Ulyanovsk Consortium of Open Education]]
[[Category:Abbreviations]]

Ulyanovsk Consortium of Open Education

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Gertjan: template insterted

{{stub}}
The '' Ulyanovsk Consortium of Open Education'' (''' ИНСТИТУТ ДИСТАНЦИОННОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ УлГТУ ''', UCOE) supports...

 The mission of the Institute of Distance Education is to provide lifelong learning from everywhere and at any time.

The institution’s main office is in Ulyanovsk, [[Russia]]. Other campuses...



The Academy of Humanities and Economics web site is at http://www.ide.ulstu.ru/en/







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> [[Russia]]

> [[Programmes]]

[[Category: Russia]]
[[Category:Universities]]
[[Category:Colleges]]
[[Category: University colleges]]

Russia

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Gertjan: /* North-West State Correspondence Technical University */ internal link

==Russia in a nutshell==

(mainly sourced from: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia Wikipedia])

'''Russia''', or the '''Russian Federation''', is a transcontinental country extending over much of northern Eurasia. It is a semi-presidential republic comprising 83 federal subjects. At 17,075,400 square kilometers, Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than an eighth of the Earth’s land area; with 142 million people, it is the ninth largest by population. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40 % of Europe, spanning 11 time zones and incorporating a great range of environments and landforms.

[[Image:Rf-map.png|center|thumb|500px|Source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Russia]]

Russia established worldwide power and influence from the times of the Russian Empire to being the largest and leading constituent of the Soviet Union, the world's first and largest constitutionally socialist state and a recognized superpower. The nation can boast a long tradition of excellence in every aspect of the arts and sciences. The Russian Federation was founded following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, but is recognized as the continuing legal personality of the Soviet Union. Russia has one of the world's fastest growing major economies.

Though Russia's population is comparatively large, its population density is low because of the country's enormous size. Population is densest in European Russia, near the Ural Mountains, and in southwest Siberia. 73 % of the population lives in urban areas. As of the 2002 Census, the two largest cities in Russia are Moscow (10,126,424 inhabitants) and Saint Petersburg (4,661,219). Eleven other cities have between one and two million inhabitants. Moscow is also the capital of Russia.

Russia's 160 ethnic groups speak some 100 languages. According to the 2002 Census, 142.6 million people speak Russian, followed by Tatar with 5.3 million and German with 2.9 million speakers. Russian is the only official state language, but the Constitution gives the individual republics the right to make their native language co-official next to Russian. Over a quarter of the world's scientific literature is published in Russian. Russian is also applied as a means of coding and storage of universal knowledge – 60 – 70 % of all world information is published in English and Russian languages.

==Russian education policy==

(mainly sourced from: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Russia Wikipedia)]

The literacy rate in Russia is currently 99.4 %. All citizens are guaranteed free education by the Constitution. Entry to higher education is highly competitive. As a result of great emphasis on science and technology in education, Russian medical, mathematical, scientific, and space and aviation research is generally of a high order. The main task of modern education policy in Russia is the thorough modernization of the education system, which was built during the Soviet period.

==Russian education system==

(mainly sourced from: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Russia Wikipedia] and ''OECD Thematic Review of Tertiary Education – Country Background Report for the Russian Federation.'')

The Russian education system can be divided into four major groups: primary education, secondary education, higher education and post-graduate education.

'''Secondary education'''

Secondary education in Russia takes eleven years to complete. After graduation from the 9th grade, which is compulsory for all Russian citizens, a pupil obtains a Certificate of Basic General Education (equivalent to O-Level). After that he/she has to choose one of the following ways to complete his/her secondary education: continue education for two more years at the secondary school to pursue a Certificate of Complete Secondary Education (equivalent to A-Level) or to pursue an associate degree at a tradesmen school or a college, which usually takes three years to complete.

'''University'''

After obtaining a Certificate of Complete Secondary Education a student can enter a '''university''' or an '''institute''' (college). He/she can choose a program of higher education with the duration of four to six years. There are three different degrees that are conferred by Russian universities. The first degree is the '''Bakalavr''' (Bachelor) '''degree'''. Bakalvr's programs last for at least 4 years of full-time university-level study. The programs are elaborated in accordance with the State Educational Standards, which regulate almost 80 % of their content. The other 20 % are elaborated by the university itself. The programs include professional and special courses in Science, Humanities and Social-economic disciplines, professional training, completion of a research paper/project and passing State final exams. The Bakalavr's degree is awarded in all fields except Medicine after defending a Diploma project prepared under the guidance of a supervisor and passing the final exams. In Medicine, the first stage lasts for six years.

Holders of the Bakalavr degree are admitted to enter the '''Specialist Diploma''' and '''Magistr's''' (Master's) '''degree''' programs. The Magistr's degree is awarded after successful completion of two years' full-time study. Students must carry out a year of research including practice and prepare and defend a thesis which constitutes an original contribution and sit for final examinations. Both Bakalavr's and Magistr's degrees were introduced relatively recently; they did not exist during the Soviet period. (Wikipedia)

'''Post-graduate levels'''

After obtaining a Specialist's or Master's Degree a student may enter a university or a scientific institute to pursue post-graduate education. The first level of post-graduate education is aspirantura that usually results in the '''Kandidat nauk degree''' (Candidate of Sciences). The seeker should pass three exams (in his/her special field, in a foreign language of his/her choice, and in history and philosophy of science), publish at least three scientific articles in peer-reviewed journals, write a dissertation and defend it. '''This degree is roughly equivalent to the Ph.D. in the United States.'''

After graduation a student may continue postgraduate education. After several (2 – 4) years of study in doctorantura, if they obtain important scientific results, publish them and write another thesis, the '''Doctor Nauk degree''' (Doctor of Sciences) can be awarded. The average time between obtaining Kandidat and Doctor degrees is roughly 10 years. Only 1 in 4 Kandidats reaches this grade. Granting of advanced degrees is overseen by the Higher Attestation Commission of the [http://eng.mon.gov.ru/ Ministry of Education and Science].

==Higher education in Russia==

(mainly sourced from: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Russia Wikipedia] and ''OECD Thematic Review of Tertiary Education – Country Background Report for the Russian Federation.'')

See also the following OECD report for more information about the Russian higher education:
:[http://www.oecd.org/document/16/0,3343,en_2649_39263238_35580240_1_1_1_1,00.html Thematic Review of Tertiary Education - Country Background Reports].

The Russian education system was originally inherited from the Soviet Union without any significant changes. In the Soviet Union, the education of all levels was free for anybody who could pass entrance exams; students were provided with small scholarships and free housing. This was considered crucial because it provided access to higher education to all skilled students, as opposed to only those who could afford it. Free higher education is the main reason why more than 20 % of Russians aged 30–59 hold six-year degrees.

The downside of that system was that institutions had to be funded entirely from the federal and regional budgets; therefore, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, expenditures on education took a big blow; institutions found themselves unable to provide adequate teachers' salaries, students' scholarships, and maintenance for their facilities. To address the issue, many state institutions started to open commercial positions. The number of those positions has been growing steadily since then. Many private higher education institutions have emerged, mostly in the fields where Soviet system was inadequate or was unable to provide enough specialists for post-Soviet realities, such as economics, business/management, and law. In 2004, 35 % of all first-year students were paying for their own education in state institutions and 20 % were enrolled in private universities.

Today, the country has 685 governmental higher education institutions, all of these having state accreditation. Besides, 619 non-governmental higher education institutions have been licensed for educational activities, 367 of these having been given accreditation in the past decade. Thus, '''the number of higher education institutions is 1,304''' (1,162 of which are accredited). In 2003–2004, '''the total number of students in higher education institutions was 5,947,500''', including 5,228,700 and 718,800 in governmental and non-governmental education institutions respectively.

The trend for consolidation began in 2006 when state universities and colleges of Rostov-on-Don, Taganrog and other southern towns were merged into Southern Federal University, based in Rostov-on-Don; a similar conglomerate was formed in Krasnoyarsk as Siberian Federal University; the third one is likely to emerge in Vladivostok as Pacific Federal University, Moscow State University and St. Petersburg State University acquired the federal university status in 2007 without further organizational changes.

The composition of Russian students is also becoming more and more homogeneous. Foreign students (including students from countries of the CIS and the Baltic countries), educated in state and municipal HEIs, make up less than 2% of the total. The number of students from different countries accepted and graduated varies depending on the character of political and economic relations between Russia and other countries, and on the presence or absence of bilateral special agreements between the countries.

==Higher education reform==

(mainly sourced from: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Russia Wikipedia], ''OECD Thematic Review of Tertiary Education – Country Background Report for the Russian Federation.'' and ''Implementation of the Bologna Process in Russia: Tomsk Polytechnic University as a case model.'')

The tertiary education system in Russia is being modernized and developed within the context of social, cultural and economic changes taken place in the country since early 1990s. However, it can be stated that the importance of individual, uniquely Russian factors for change is gradually falling, as trends typical for the majority of countries in the developing world are becoming dominant.

The modernization of the tertiary education system includes the following tasks: facilitation of cooperation between universities and local communities, active participation of HEIs in regional development, closer liaison with the business community, increased financial stability in HEIs and the creation of a transparent quality assessment system compatible with and comparable to the international systems. The goals of internationalization of tertiary education and integration into the European and world education areas facilitate the modernization of tertiary education system.

Since 1985 some proposals for restructuring the Russian educational system in accordance with the U.S. educational system have also been made. Nevertheless, these proposals have been discarded as retrogressive. Instead, much more interest has been shown in adopting the proposed international standards of the Bologna Process.

The Russian Federation officially joined the Bologna Process in 2003. As a result, the country has taken certain national responsibilities to strengthen the convergence and transparency of its HE qualification structures, to resolve the problem of transfer and weighing of academic credits, and to improve its quality assurance system, thereby increasing international academic mobility and graduate employability. Some of the Bologna reforms were initiated already before Russia officially joined the Bologna Process. However, the empirical data show that the process of implementing the Bologna principles in Russian HEIs is still rather slow, because relevant legislation and financial support is lagging behind.

==Administration and finance==

(mainly sourced from: ''OECD Thematic Review of Tertiary Education – Country Background Report for the Russian Federation.'')

The changes that took place in the economic and political life in Russia in the last 10 – 15 years have had an enormous impact on the higher education system, including its resource base. The positive trends in recent years include a major growth in the volume of state funds allocated to the higher education sector, and the development of new sources of HEI funding.

In Russia, there are two different institutional types of higher education structures: state (municipal) and private HEIs. The sources of financing differ greatly. The main difference in the system of sources of funding for state and private HEIs is that for the first time on a regular basis (annually), funds from the budget (mainly the federal budget) are received in the form of so-called budgetary appropriations. Private HEIs do not have the right to receive such funding. This factor is fundamental for understanding the differences between the financial positions of these two types of HEIs, as budget financing for state HEIs usually amounts to 30 % or more of the operating income.

==Quality assurance==

(mainly sourced from: ''OECD Thematic Review of Tertiary Education – Country Background Report for the Russian Federation.'')

State assessment of quality assurance in education consists of three stages: licensing, attestation and accreditation, which have been consolidated into a single comprehensive assessment procedure since 2000. Currently adopted amendments to the RF Law 'On Education' have unified (merged) present procedures of attestation and state accreditation.

'''Licensing''' is the assessment of compliance of the conditions of educational activity with state requirements for academic classrooms, laboratory equipment, the level of teaching staff and academic literature. Licensing includes the review of documents and the performance of external expert reviews, including field visits by committees. Given positive results of the licensing process, a HEI receives a license: a document of permission granting the right to perform educational activity and receive eligibility for tax concessions.

'''Attestation''', in turn, is the assessment of the compliance of content, the level and quality of the training of graduates with the requirements of state educational standards, the identification of trends in the development of the academic process and methods of overcoming negative trends. Finally, '''accreditation''' is the establishment (confirmation for a consecutive term) of the state-accredited status of a HEI by type (higher education institution) and form (institute, academy or university) with the establishment of a list of educational programs in which the HEI has the right to issue national diplomas.

Based on the results of state accreditation, an HEI receives a diploma of state accreditation, including a list of accredited programs and the period of accreditation. Information about accredited HEIs and programs is published in an official registry, in an annual directory. The [http://www.nica.ru/main.en.phtml National Accreditation Agency], established by the Ministry of Education in 1995, supports the higher education institutions, the educational establishments of vocational training, and the educational authorities of Russia in carrying out their state accreditation procedures.

No HEI has the right to commence operations without the receipt of a license issued by the Federal Service. Each license must be confirmed every five years. The first attestation of a new HEI may be conducted upon application, three years after the receipt of a license, on condition of the successful graduation of the first group of students. Attestation is also performed once every five years. Passing the procedures of attestation of educational programs and accreditation of HEIs (once every 5 years) is mandatory for all state HEIs. Non-state HEIs are subject to these procedures only if they are applying for the right to issue national diplomas.

==Russian HEIs in the information society==

===Towards the information society===

(mainly sourced from: [http://www.iis.ru/en/index.html Institute of the Information Society], ''The Information Society and Technology in Russia. Cultivate Interactive 8:2002.'', ''Russia e-Readiness and e-Needs Assessment.'' and ''Promoting Enabling Environment for Information Society Development in CIS countries. United Nations ICT Task Force Europe and Central Asia Regonal Network Series 1.'')

Awareness of the advantages resulting from dissemination of information and communication technologies (ICT) started to grow in Russia only at the turn of the new millennium. The Russian Federation makes some 12.5 % of the Earth’s territory and only 2.4 % of its population. So the population density, which is very important for the development of information and communication technologies, is rather low (20 % of the average figure for the world). Additionally, the population density is substantially different in different regions. Especially in rural areas with extremely low population density, severe climate and, therefore, high cost of telecommunication facilities, access to the modern telecommunication infrastructure is often poor.

Local, national and international long-distance fixed telephone voice communications were still the main type of network connection in the early 21st century Russia. Mobile communication networks encompassed 74 out of 89 Russian regions at the beginning of 2001. According to information from the Communication Ministry of Russia, there were some 2.5 million cellular phone users in Russia at that time. Additionally, some 20 million users had access to cable television networks.

According to the results of research carried out by Russian Public Centre of Internet Technologies (ROCIT), the number of Internet connections in 2001 reached 5 million (compared with 3.4 million in 2000) and the audience of Runet (Russian Internet) 18 million users (11.4 million users in 2000). The regular audience was estimated at 8 million users (those who use the Internet at least once a week). At the same time, the percentage of corporate users (those who use the Internet from an office, an educational institution, a library or other point of common access) grew to 65 %, which was 5 % more than the year before. For Russia with its vast territory and poor population, these public internet access points were, indeed, important.

In 2002, 79 % of Russian internet users were younger than 45. Stable growth of Internet users had been identified among managers (20 %) and students (30 %). 35 % of the Runet audience used the Internet at home and 73% of them had a monthly income below $ 100 per person. Geographically the Russian Internet audience was still concentrated in Moscow (57.2 %) and in Saint-Petersburg (9.1 %); 72 second level domains were in the capitals of Russia (Moscow and Saint-Petersburg), though more activity had been registered in the regions in 2001. A considerable digital divide continued to exist between Moscow and the regions of Russia.

Factors setting limits to the growth of the internet audience were related to the approaching saturation point as regards Moscow Internet usage, the poor quality of telephone connections in the regions and a low level of awareness of the capacities and benefits of the Internet. ROCIT considered that the Russian Internet audience was not growing very quickly because of the high cost of personal computers and the low availability of Internet connections using other cheaper terminals (e.g. specialized TV devices). The competition between internet providers in large cities, in turn, caused a trend towards a reduction in costs. Additionally, prices had become more balanced; they were different for various access speed and information volumes.

The federal bodies started to pay serious attention to the Internet and to the information society after President Putin signed the Global Information Society Okinava Hartia adopted by G8 in July 2000. As a consequence, the Russian State Information Society policy also started to become more detailed. In January 2002, President Putin signed a federal law on electronic signatures, thereby rendering an electronic signature legally equivalent to a graphic signature. A law on electronic business was discussed in the State Duma and passed the first reading.

At the same time (January 2002), a federal target-oriented program '''Electronic Russia 2002 – 2010''' was initiated by the RF Government. The program aimed at computerizing the country and encouraging the development of IT and communications sectors. Additionally, the Ministry of Education of Russia in co-operation with regional authorities completed a program of computerization in country schools the year before, supplying hardware and software together with teacher training in 97 % of schools. Several projects involving training courses for school teachers were also managed by the Federation of Internet Education.

The government decreed that people lacking facilities and skills should be provided with internet connections in post offices all over Russia. Centers of collective internet access were planned in 1,860 regional post-offices. Additionally, the official websites of the President, of the Security Council, of the Russian Government, of the State Duma, of all Ministers, and of regional administrations were opened, which proved the federal program Electronic Government successful.

So since the mid-90s, the Russian Federation had developed several programs aiming to develop particular components of the information society. In September 1998, a number of professionals in the sphere of information technologies, telecommunications and information policy, brought together by the common goal of developing the Information Society in Russia, had established an independent research and service organization called the [http://www.iis.ru/en/index.html Institute of the Information Society (IIS)]. And a few years later (November 2001), IIS and 50 other organizations from 7 Russian regions had initiated the creation of the [http://prior.russia-gateway.ru/en/ Russian e-Development Partnership (PRIOR)].

In spite of all, Russia did not have a national e-Strategy until year 2008. In August 2006, the government had adopted a new version of the program eRussia 2002 – 2010 drafted by the Ministry of Information Technologies and Communications. At the same time, objectives of governmental support to competitive domestic production in the sphere of ICT, development of national information infrastructure, as well as objectives of introducing ICT in activity of separate governmental bodies were singled out as special governmental and departmental programs and projects. Finally in February 2008, the president of Russia, Vladimir Putin, approved the '''Information Society Development Strategy in Russia''', which was elaborated with the assistance of the Institute of the Information Society.

===E-learning in Russian schools===

(mainly sourced from: ''Education of the Highest Quality – an Interview with Prof. Yuri Rubin at the Moscow Academy of Finance and Industry.'' and ''Russian Federation: E-Learning Policy to Transform Russian Schools. Document of The World Bank.'')

As early as the mid-60s, Russia under Soviet rule had recognized the importance of computer technology. Computers were introduced into general education with the aim of achieving a technological breakthrough for the USSR through development of information and computer literacy in all general school graduates. Special software was developed and teachers were trained. At the beginning of 90s, up to 28 % of schools were equipped with computers, mainly of Soviet make.

Neither the USSR then, nor Russia since, was able to sustain these pioneering efforts. The decentralization and under-funding of the Russian education system in the 90s resulted in a growing inequity of ICT availability across the education system. During that time, the only significant forward movement in the use of ICT in education was seen in higher education (HE). For the most part, because of the division of responsibilities for education between regional and federal levels, the push was uncoordinated. It had no clearly recognizable and coherent strategy for changing either educational content or methodologies. It also led to such a degree of diversification in technical specifications and software standards that it closed the door to any subsequent system-wide approach. The net effect was that investment in ICT in higher education in Russia had very few flow-on effects to other levels of education and generally at their expense. By the late 90s, Russia had become the only country with an increasing student to computer ratio in schools, a situation caused in part by the obsolescence of the first generation computers installed in the 80s.

However, Russia’s recently improved economic and political stability is changing the picture. Russia can now afford to recognize the urgent need to embed ICT in its educational practices in both general and vocational education. Moreover, there is a clear change of attitude toward ICT education in Russian society. The general public understands the importance of ICT. School administrators, teachers, and the teachers’ union also see ICT as an important part of the reform agenda – a comparatively recent development. At the political level too, all parties have acknowledged the importance of ICT education.

In the public sector, parallel with two presidential initiatives for installing modern computers in urban and rural schools, the federal government initiated two key policy programs that included measures to accelerate the introduction and integration of ICT education in both general and initial vocational schools. The programs were '''Development of the Common Education Information Space for 2001 – 2006''' (E-Education for short), published in August 2001, and Electronic Russia for 2002 – 2010 (E-Russia for short), published in January 2002. These initiatives were perceived as a key condition for integrating Russia into the community of developed countries. However, although the programs were interrelated, there was no clear mechanism for their administrative coordination. There was neither a mechanism to coordinate the efforts of the federal government with diverse regional and institutional initiatives.

Three private sector initiatives, in turn, marked interesting developments in educational funding. However, only the first was of direct relevance to general school needs and was aimed at providing a systemic change. It was the teacher training program started in 2000 by the Yukos oil company with the main goal of introducing Russian teachers to ICT in general and to the Internet in particular. The other two private ventures were the OSI auditorium.ru education portal initiative and the Teleschool project.

Despite the emergence of highly relevant government policies and programs, public support, and Russia's natural wealth of talent, Russia has faced huge difficulties in equipping its people with the skills necessary to compete in an information economy. Russia's huge landmass, thinly spread population, lack of available finances, and regional diversity have all brought daunting challenges, especially to the setting up of effective connectivity and digital networks.

So it can be said that the Russian e-learning market started to take shape only in the mid-2000s, and indeed, the country now has all the conditions for rapid development of e-learning. Since 2004, Russia has received support from [http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/ECAEXT/RUSSIANFEDERATIONEXTN/0,,menuPK:305605~pagePK:141159~piPK:141110~theSitePK:305600,00.html The World Bank] with developing higher education facilities, hardware and software application, and instructor lead professional development. So in the near future, many higher education institutions will be able to take an active part in using e-learning tools.

==Virtual initiatives in HE==

===Moscow State University for Economics, Statistics and Informatics (MESI)===

The [http://www.eng.mesi.ru/ Moscow State University for Economics, Statistics and Informatics (MESI)] is an innovative research and education complex comprising 50 branches, 117 representative offices and over 100 regional partners in the Russian Federation and abroad, namely in Armenia, Belarus, Bulgaria, Israel, Kazakhstan, Latvia and Ukraine. The number of students is 150,000, including some 7,000 foreign learners from 52 different countries around the world.

The employment of modern teaching and learning methods, and information and communication technologies (ICT), as well as the extensive use of modern software and educational resources are of high importance at MESI. Using its wide regional network, MESI also realizes joint research and educational programs with the leading Russian and foreign universities. At MESI, e-learning covers the following areas:

# '''Technologies''' Internet PC Communication and delivery tools
# '''Content authoring''' IMS and SCORM Adaptation for any delivery medium and bandwidth
# '''Teacher training ''' Instruments of LCMS E-Learning philosophy Time saving
# '''Delivery and promotion of e-Learning''' Online model Blended model Special intro-courses for all students (instrument of LCMS and philosophy of e-learning)
# '''Knowledge management''' Storage of all learning information and learning sequences Customized learning materials according to individual learners’ needs

The quality of e-learning is ensured with up-to-date materials, reliable technologies, student-centered pedagogical approaches, provision in technological support, regular teacher training and 24/7 tutor support, face-to-face assessment supervised by videoconferencing, practical assignments for every theoretical module, as well as SCORM and IMS conformance.

The different technologies used include:
* Forum, e-conference and chat
* Personal messages system
* Learning schedule or diary (personal and group learning events, learning plans)
* Assessment system
* File exchange system
* Wiki (allows students to exchange information through collaborative effort)
* Glossary
* Virtual classroom
* Module for mobile access
* Competency (skills) management system
* Learning results interpretation and analysis system
* Authoring
* Content authoring tools
* Specialized authoring tools (assessment producers, simulation tools etc.)
* Collaborative authoring environment

===Eurasian Open Institute (EOI)===

The [http://www.eoi.ru/ Eurasian Open Institute (EOI)] was established in 1998. It is a member of Russian Association of Business Education, Russian Association of Marketing, Association of Non-governmental Russian Institutions of Higher Education and International Educational Consortium ''Electronic University''. There are more than 3,000 graduate and about 100 postgraduate students at EOI, and the regional network unites as many as 11 branches, 83 representative offices and 75 partners organizations in various regions of Russia and CIS.

The Eurasian Open Institute offers a wide range of professional education programs: undergraduate, graduate, postgraduate and supplementary education, including online programs. In fact, there are more than 350 electronic courses available at EOI.

===North-West State Correspondence Technical University===

The [[North-West State Correspondence Technical University]] ([[NWTU]]) was founded in 1930. Today, it is one of the leading Russian universities in the sphere of enigineering education. From the university's inception, its mission has been to give people engaged in production an opportunity to recieve high quality education without significant interruption of their major activities.

The innovative educational environment of NWTU allows training of specialists in the interests of industrial enterprises of the region. An open educational domain of the university is based on the network cooperation of 39 educational centers, which allow people residing on a huge territory to recieve quality professional education. The components of the innovative educational environment of NWTU include:

* a system of determining professional competences;
* a modern methodology of setting up and using information resources;
* traditional and innovative educational technologies;
* a geographically distributed network of educational centers.

The basis for formation of a model of professional competences are the requirements of state educational standards and orders from the enterprises in the region. The choise of educational techniques and their integration into the educational program depend also on the customers' specialities and interests.

Additionally, there is an e-library at NWTU. The main purpose of the library is to provide the educational process with information support in time and in full. The e-library offers an entire set of services in remote servicing of students, and even the graduates of NWTU have an access to the information resources after their graduation.

Openness is the most important feature in the university's educational environment. NWTU was the first Russian HEI to place its video lectures for public access on [http://ru.youtube.com/nwtu You Tube] and on [http://www.corbina.tv/private_channels/VUZ_TV/ Corbina]. Another unique method that the university uses are the virtual laboratory works and workshops. The virtual laboratory complex of NWTU integrates functions of simulating programs, automated education and control.

===Ulyanovsk Consortium of Open Education===

The [http://ide.ukoo.ru/en/ Ulyanovsk Consortium of Open Education (UCOE)] is a regional educational association aimed at providing open and continuing education in the Ulyanovsk region. The key member of the association is the [http://old.ulstu.ru/en/ Ulyanovsk State Technical University (UlSTU)], which provides the succesful implementation of open and continuing education within the region. UlSTU coordinates the association's activities in accordance with the declared mission - to provide open lifelong learning from everywhere and at any time.

The Ulyanovsk Consortium of Open Education embraces educational institutions, university branches and E&T centers providing different levels of education. The '''School of Business "Career"''' provides vocational education and training and refreshing courses, the '''College of Economics and Information Technology''' secondary vocational education and the '''Institute of Distance Education''' higher education.

Students and learners at the Institute of Distance Education have an opportunity to choose one of the suggested learning technologies depending on their individual learning style:

* '''Case-technology (hard copy)''' - a form of distance learning based on the use of sets (cases) of text and instructional materials designed to help students to learn the concepts, ideas and develop skills that they need to make progress in the chosen discipline. The course materials and approach used in each discipline differ. Students use the available support in different ways, depending on the circumstances and their own approach to learning.

* '''Networked learning (e-Learning Systems)''' - a type of learning in which learners and instructors use computers to exchange messages, engage in dialogue and access resources; the interaction can occur in real-time (synchronously) when learners and instructors are communicating at the same time from different places, or in delayed-time (asynchronously) when they are not linked at the same time. The students also have a traditional pre-assessment consultation. All e-Learning Systems have the hard-copy analogues, the advantages being as follows:
** Easy access via Internet or mediateques;
** Knowledge Control System and e-Learning Statistics;
** Interactivity (forum, chat);
** Multimedia tools;
** Just-in-time learning materials adjustment.

* '''Case-technology (CD-based)''' - a form of distance learning based on the use of multimedia instructional CDs designed to help students to learn the concepts, ideas and develop skills that they need to make progress in the chosen discipline. It is essential under the circumstances of limited Internet access and low-speed connection. CD eLearning Systems have the following advantages:
** Place independent learning at home or at workplace without extra costs on Internet;
** Unique Knowledge Control System and eLearning statistics tool providing data storing and transferring to the tutor;
** Modern multimedia technologies;
** Each CD contains a cross-discipline set of course materials.

* '''Videoconferencing technology''' - the videoconferencing technology provides students and teachers with the opportunity to expand teaching and learning possibilities. The technology offers faculty the ability to speak to their students, hold external examinations, collaborate with colleagues, extend theoretical and practical classes to remote locations. Students using videoconferencing will, in turn, have experiences in:
** Learning in an emerging technological environment that prepares students with real world communication skills;
** Utilizing resources including experts, professionals, remote institutional resources, and other students;
** Broadening the scope of learning resources.

==References==

* Brakker, Nadezhda & Kujbyshev, Leonid (2002): The Information Society and Technology in Russia. Cultivate Interactive 8:2002.
* CHECK.point eLearning (2005): Education of the Highest Quality – an Interview with Prof. Yuri Rubin at the Moscow Academy of Finance and Industry.
* Froumin, Isak, Canning, Mary & Vasiliev, Kirill (2003): Russian Federation: E-Learning Policy to Transform Russian Schools. Document of The World Bank.
* The Ministry of Education and Science & The State University - Higher School of Economics (2007): OECD Thematic Review of Tertiary Education – Country Background Report for the Russian Federation.
* The Russia Development Gateway Project (2001): Russia e-Readiness and e-Needs Assessment.
* Shumilova, Yulia (2007): Implementation of the Bologna Process in Russia: Tomsk Polytechnic University as a case model. A thesis submitted to the Department of Management Studies at University of Tampere.
* United Nations Information and Communication Technologies Task Force (2004): Promoting Enabling Environment for Information Society Development in CIS countries. United Nations ICT Task Force Europe and Central Asia Regional Network Series 1.

'''Relevant websites'''

* [http://www.iis.ru/en/index.html Institute of the Information Society]
* [http://www.eng.mesi.ru/ Moscow State University for Economics, Statistics and Informatics (MESI)]
* [http://www.nica.ru/main.en.phtml National Accreditation Agency]
* [http://prior.russia-gateway.ru/en/ Russian e-Development Partnership]
* [http://ide.ukoo.ru/en/ Ulyanovsk Consortium of Open Education]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Wikipedia]
* [http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/ECAEXT/RUSSIANFEDERATIONEXTN/0,,menuPK:305605~pagePK:141159~piPK:141110~theSitePK:305600,00.html The World Bank]

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NWTU

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#REDIRECT [[North-West State Correspondence Technical University]]
[[Category:Abbreviations]]

Abbreviations

2009-09-16T13:17:29Z

Gertjan: /* Abbreviations */ NWPI added

This is (to be) a full list of abbreviations for organisations and other activities of relevance to Re.ViCa.

A number of technical abbreviations are added - these do not link to Re.ViCa wiki pages. They are included as they are codes to avoid when creating or selecting codes for institutions and other entities.

Two-character codes are discouraged except when they are [[country codes]] but some are so common that we have been forced to adopt them.

Single-character codes are forbidden as they are used for various technical purposes.

'''Editors! Always check abbreviations first with Google and [http://www.acronymfinder.com/ Acronym finder]!'''

== Abbreviations ==
(other than 2-character country codes and 1-character codes for technical use)

The following list has been extracted from the list developed for [[The e-University Compendium]] and then further developed.

It is aimed to contain the standard abbreviations for all entities, institutions, programmes (especially [[MELI]]s etc) and projects of interest in the countries of most interest - plus for open/distance teaching universities across the world.

# [[AABSC]] stands for the [[Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business]]
# [[AAOU]] stands for the [[Asian Association of Open Universities]]
# [[AAU]] stands for [[Aalborg University]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[ABED]] stands for the [[Brazilian Association of Distance Education]]
# [[ACODE]] stands for [[Australasian Council on Open, Distance and E-Learning]]
# [[ACU]] stands for [[Association of Commonwealth Universities]] - see also [[Australian Catholic University]] and [[Abilene Christian University]] ([[US]])
# [[AIESAD]] stands for Asociación Iberoamericana de Educación Superior a Distancia, the [[Ibero-American Association of Distance Education Universities]]
# [[AIOU]] stands for the [[Allama Iqbal Open University]] ([[Pakistan]]) - see also
# AIOU stands for the [[Asia International Open University]] ([[Macao]])
# [[AIU]] stands for [[American InterContinental University]]
# [[AJU]] stands for [[Andrew Jackson University‎]] ([[US]])
# [[ALFA]] stands for [[América Latina - Formación Académica]], a programme of cooperation between higher education institutions of the European Union and Latin America
# [[ALT]] stands for [[Association for Learning Technology]], focussed on the [[UK]]
# [[AMBA]] stands for The Association of MBAs
# [[AmSU]] stands for [[Amur State University]] ([[Russia]])
# [[AMU]] stands for [[Academy of Performing Arts in Prague]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[ANCED]] stands for the [[Asociación Nacional de Centros de e-Learning y Distancia]] ([[Spain]])
# [[AOU]] stands for the [[Arab Open University]]
# [[APQN]] stands for [[Asia-Pacific Quality Network]]
# [[AQF]] stands for [[Australian Qualifications Framework]]
# [[ARIADNE]] stands for [[Alliance of Remote Instructional Authoring and Distribution Networks for Europe]]
# [[ARIEL]] stands for [[Analysing and Reporting the Implementation of Electronic Learning in Europe]]
# [[ASEAN]] stands for [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations]]
# [[ATN]] stands for [[Australian Technology Network]] (of universities)
# [[AU]] stands for [[Australia]] (the country) or:
# AU (DK) stands for [[Aarhus University]] ([[Denmark]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# AU (CA) stands for [[Athabasca University]] ([[Canada]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# AU stands for Ashford University ([[US]])
# [[AUCC]] stands for the [[Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada]]
# [[AUGent]] stands for [[Ghent University Association]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[AUHA]] stands for [[Associatie Universiteit & Hogescholen Antwerpen]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[AUHL]] stands for [[Associatie Universiteit-Hogescholen Limburg]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[AULP]] stands for [[Associação das Universidades de Língua Portuguesa]] ([[Association of Universities in the Language of Portuguese]])
# [[AUO]] stands for [[Ashford University Online]]
# [[AUQA]] stands for the [[Australian Universities Quality Agency]]
# [[AUT]] stands for [[Auckland University of Technology]] - no longer for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_University_Teachers Association of University Teachers] which does not exist now
# [[AUTH]] stands for [[Aristotle University of Thessaloniki]] ([[Greece]])
# [[AVU]] stands for [[African Virtual University]]
# [[AZUN]] stands for [[Arizona Universities Network]], [[US]]
# [[BAOU]] stands for [[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University]] ([[Turkey]])
# [[BAU]] stand for [[Al-Balqa' Applied University]] ([[Jordan]])
# [[BAWEST]] stands for [[Business Academy West]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[BBE]] stands for [[Business of Borderless Education]] (report)
# [[BCOU]] stands for [[British Columbia Open University]] (now absorbed into [[Thompson Rivers University]])
# [[Becta]] or formerly [[BECTa]] stands for [[British Educational Communications and Technology Agency]] ([[UK]]) but the long form is rarely used now
# [[BELNET]] stands for the [[Belgian Research and Education Network]]
# [[BFSU]] stands for [[Beijing Foreign Studies University]] ([[China]])
# [[BI]] stands for [[BI Norwegian School of Management]] - see also [[Burundi]], [[Africa]]
# [[BME]] stands for [[Budapest University of Technology and Economics]] ([[Hungary]])
# [[BMUKK]] stands for ''Bundesministerium für Unterricht, Kunst und Kultur''/ [[Federal_Ministry_for_Education%2C_Arts_and_Culture]] ([[Austria]])
# [[BMWF]] stands for ''Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung'' / [[Federal Ministry of Science and Research]] ([[Austria]])
# [[BNU]] stands for [[Beijing Normal University]] ([[China]])
# [[BOU]] stands for the [[Bangladesh Open University]]
# [[BRAOU]] stands for the [[Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[BSEC]] stands for [[Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation]]
# [[BTVU]] stands for [[Beijing Radio & TV University‎]] ([[China]])
# [[BVU]] stands for [[Bulgarian Virtual University]] or [[Best Virtual Universities Organisation]]
# [[CANARIE]] stands for [[Canadian Network for the Advancement of Research, Industry and Education]], the [[NREN]] in [[Canada]]
# [[CARADOL]] stands for the [[Caribbean Association for Distance and Open Learning]]
# [[CARET]] stands for the [[Centre for Applied Research in Educational Technologies at the University of Cambridge]]
# [[CBS]] stands for [[Copenhagen Business School]]
# [[CCC]] stands for [[Coastline Community College]] ([[US]])
# [[CCCOnline]] stands for [[Colorado Community Colleges Online]] ([[US]])
# [[CCDL]] stands for [[Cross Cultural Distance Learning]], an international consortium
# [[CCi]] stands for [[Corinthian Colleges]], Inc. ([[US]])
# [[CCRTVU]] stands for the [[China Central Radio & TV University]]
# [[Cederj]] stands for [[Center for Distance Learning of the State of Rio de Janeiro]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[CELI]] stands for [[Ceased E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[CERNET]] stands for the [[China Education and Research Network]]
# [[CETIS]] stands for [[Centre for Educational Technology Interoperability Standards]] but the long form is rarely used now ([[UK]])
# [[CEVU]] stands for [[Collaborative European Virtual University]]
# [[CHEA]] stands for [[Council for Higher Education Accreditation]] (US) - agency
# [[CHEI]] stands for [[Council for Higher Education]] ([[Israel]])
# [[CHEMS]] stands for [[Commonwealth Higher Education Management Service]] - now ceased
# [[CICEI]] stands for Centro de Innovación para la Sociedad de la Información (Innovation Center for the Information Society) ([[Canary Islands]]; [[Spain]])
# [[CIFFAD]] stands for [[Consortium International Francophone de Formation a Distance]]
# [[CMEC]] stands for the [[Council of Ministers of Education, Canada]]
# [[CMU]] stands for [[Carnegie Mellon University]] ([[US]])
# [[CNAM]] stands for [[Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers]] ([[France]])
# [[CNAVES]] was the Portuguese agency for quality in higher education. It closed in 2007 and is now replaced by another body.
# [[CNED]] stands for [[Centre National d'Enseignement à Distance]]. In French the abbreviation is [[Cned]] ([[France]])
# [[CNFD]] stands for [[Campus Numérique Francophone de Dakar]] ([[Senegal]])
# [[COL]] stands for [[Commonwealth of Learning]] ([[Canada]])
# [[COME]] stands for [[Warsaw University Centre for Open and Multimedia Education]] ([[Poland]])
# [[CPLP]] stands for [[Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa]] ([[Community of Portuguese Language Countries]])
# [[CRTVU]] stands for [[China Central Radio & TV University]]
# [[CRUP]] stands for [[Conselho de Reitores das Universidades Portuguesas]] ([[Portugal]])
# [[CSF]] stands for [[Critical success factor]]
# [[CSU]] stands for [[Charles Sturt University]] ([[Australia]])
# [[CTDLC]] stands for [[Connecticut Distance Learning Consortium]] ([[US]])
# [[CTU]] stands for [[Czech Technical University in Prague]] ([[Czech Republic]]) - see also [[Colorado Technical University]] ([[US]])
# [[CU Online]] stands for [[Colorado University Online]] ([[US]])
# [[CU]] stands for [[Charles University]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# CU stands for [[Cyber University]] ([[Japan]])
# [[CUTV]] stands for [[Carleton University]] Television ([[Canada]])
# [[CVA-RICESU]] stands for [[Comunidade Virtual de Aprendizagem Rede de Instituições Católicas de Ensino Superior]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[CVC]] stands for [[California Virtual Campus]] ([[US]])
# [[CVG]] stands for [[Campus Virtuel en Gestion]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[CVU]] stands for [[Canadian Virtual University]]. It was also used in the past for [[Clyde Virtual University]].
# [[DBIS]] stands for the [[Department for Business, Innovation & Skills]] of the [[UK]], which oversees universities and colleges
# [[DCSF]] is the ''Department for Children, Schools and Families'' of the [[UK]]
# [[DCU]] stands for [[Dublin City University]] ([[Ireland]]) - the host of [[OSCAIL]]
# [[DDU]] stands for the [[Dutch Digital University]] (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation [[DU]] commonly used in [[Netherlands]])
# [[DEASA]] stands for the [[Distance Education Association of Southern Africa]]
# [[DEEWR]] is the ''Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations'' in [[Australia]]
# [[DELNI]] is the ''Department for Employment and Learning, [[Northern Ireland]]''
# [[DELOS]] stands for [[Developing a European e-learning Observation System]]
# [[DEST]] is a department now merged into [[DEEWR]]
# [[DETYA]] stood for ''Department of Education, Training and Youth Affairs'' ([[Australia]]), later called [[DEST]]
# [[DfEE]] stands for the former ''Department for Education and Employment'' of the [[UK]], a very old name for [[DfES]]
# [[DfES]] stands for the former ''Department for Education and Skills'' of the [[UK]], now split into [[DCSF]] and [[DIUS]]
# [[DFID]] stands for ''Department for International Development'' of the [[UK]]
# [[DCU]] stands for [[Daegu Cyber University]] ([[South Korea]])
# [[DGAU]] stands for [[Dennis Gabor Applied University]] ([[Hungary]])
# [[DISC]] stands for [[Distance and International Study Center]] ([[Germany]]) - a.k.a. [[ZFUW]]
# [[DIUS]] is the ''Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills'' of the [[UK]]
# [[DTU]] stands for [[Technical University of Denmark]]
# [[DVD]] stands for Digital Versatile Disk (no longer Digital Video Disk)
# [[DVU]] stands for [[Danish Virtual University]]
# [[E.A.S.Y.]] stands for [[Agency for Easy Access to Virtual Campus]]
# [[EADL]] stands for [[European Association for Distance Learning]]
# [[EADTU]] stands for the [[European Association of Distance Teaching Universities]]
# [[EBS]] stands for [[Estonian Business School Open University]]
# [[ECDVU]] stands for [[Early Childhood Development Virtual University]]
# [[eChina]] stands for the [[Sino-UK eLearning Programme]]
# [[ECTS]] stands for ''European Credit Transfer System'', sometimes called the ''European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System''
# [[EDEN]] stands for [[European Distance and E-Learning Network]]
# [[EDHEC]] stands for [[École De Hautes Études Commerciales du Nord]] ([[France]])
# [[EdiNet]] stands for [[E-learning in Distributed Data Network Laboratory]]
# [[eduGI]] stands for [[Reuse and Sharing of e-Learning Courses in GI Science Education]]
# [[EEA]] stands for the [[:Category:European Economic Area|European Economic Area]]
# [[EELU]] stands for [[Egyptian E-Learning University]]
# [[EeU]] stands for [[Estonian e-University]]
# [[EEZ]] stands for the [[European Economic Zone]] of [[EU]], [[EEA]] and [[Switzerland]]
# [[EFQM]] stands for European Foundation for Quality Management
# [[EhB]] stands for [[Erasmus University College Brussels]]
# [[ELDDA]] stands for e-Learning Digital Dashboard
# [[eLene-TT]] stands for [[e-Learning Network for Teacher Training]]
# [[e-LERU]] stands for [[League of European Research Universities virtual campus]]
# [[ELUE]] stands for [[Improving quality of e-learning in universities]]
# [[ELWA]] stood for ''Education and Learning [[Wales]]'' but is no longer used - see [[HEFCW]]
# [[EML]] stands for Educational Markup Language
# [[eMM]] and [[EMM]] stand for the e-Learning Maturity Model for benchmarking e-learning
# [[E-move]] stands for [[An Operational Conception of Virtual Mobility]]
# [[EMTC]] stands for [[E. mokymosi technologijų centras]], in English [[e-Learning Technology Centre at Kaunas University of Technology]]
# [[ENQA]] stands for the [[European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education]]
# [[EPICS]] stands for [[European Portal for International Courses and Services for Virtual Erasmus]]
# [[EQO]] stands for [[European Quality Observatory]]
# [[EQUEL]] stands for [[E-quality in e-learning research Laboratoire]]
# [[EQUIS]] stands for European Quality Improvement System
# [[eRNIST]] stands for [[European Research Network for ICT in Schools of Tomorrow]]
# [[ESC]] stands for [[Empire State College]] ([[US]])
# [[ESEN]] stands for [[European Small and medium entreprise E-learning Network]]
# [[ESP-T]] stands for [[English for Specific Purposes: Therapeutic Professions]]
# [[ESRC]] stands for [http://www.esrc.ac.uk Economic and Social Research Council] ([[UK]])
# [[ETT.Campus]] stands for [[European Teachers and Trainers campus]]
# [[e-Ttnet]] stands for [[Training of trainers network for e-learning]]
# [[EU]] stands for [[European Union]]
# [[e-U]] stands for the [[UK e-University]] (the one that became [[UKeU]])
# [[EUA]] stands for [[European University Association]]
# [[EUNITE]] stands for [[European Universities Network for IT in Education]]
# [[e-URBs]] stands for [[European Master in Comparative Urban Studies]]
# [[EUROMOVE]] stands for [[European Mobility through Virtual Education]]
# [[EuroPACE]] stands for [[European Professional Association for Collaboration in E-Learning]]
# [[EVENE]] stands for [[Erasmus Virtual Economics & Management Studies Exchange]]
# [[EVICAB]] stands for [[European Virtual Campus for Biomedical Engineering]]
# [[EWNI]] stands for [[England, Wales and Northern Ireland]] - the home nations of the [[UK]] other than [[Scotland]]
# [[FADE]] stands for the [[Finnish Association for Distance Education]]
# [[FATECE]] stands for [[Faculdade de Tecnologia, Ciências e Educação]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[FC]] stands for [[Fisheries College, Bac Ninh]] ([[Vietnam]])
# [[FCCJ]] stands for [[Florida Community College]] Jacksonville
# [[FE]] stands for [[Further Education]] (post-school, non-degree courses)
# [[Fe-ConE]] stands for [[Framework for e-learning Contents Evaluation]]
# [[FELI]] stands for [[Failed E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[FernFH]] stands for [[Ferdinand Porsche FernFH]] ([[Austria]])
# [[FernFH]] stands for [[Ferdinand Porsche FernFH]] ([[Germany]])
# [[FernUni Hagen]] stands for [[FernUniversität in Hagen]] ([[Germany]])
# [[FGV]] stands for Fundação Getúlio Vargas - see [[FGV Online]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[FILTER]] stands for [[Economic filtering of knowledge]]
# [[FSM]] stands for the [[Federated States of Micronesia]] (a country)
# [[FUNDP]] stands for [[Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[FUNIBER]] stands for [[Fundación Universitaria Iberoamericana]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[FUSL]] stands for [[Facultés universitaires Saint-Louis]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[FVU]] stands for [[Finnish Virtual University]]
# [[G-20]] stands for the [[:Category:G-20 countries|Group of Twenty countries]]
# [[G8]] stands for the [[:Category:G8 countries|Group of Eight countries]]
# [[GELI]] stands for [[Giant E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[GROE]] stands for the project [[Global Resources for Online Education]]
# [[Group T]] stands for [[Group T-International University College Leuven]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[GTCS]] stands for [[Georgia Technical College System]] ([[US]])
# [[GU8]] stands for [[Global U8 Consortium]]
# [[GUA]] stands for [[Global University Alliance]], but this phrase has multiple meanings
# [[GVTC]] stands for [[Georgia Virtual Technical College]] ([[US]])
# [[GVU]] stands for [[Global Virtual University]]
# [[HCMCOU]] stands for [[Ho Chi Minh City Open University]] ([[Vietnam]])
# [[HE]] stands for Higher Education (universities and similar institutions)
# [[HECS]] stands for the Higher Education Contribution Scheme, now replaced by the [http://www.ato.gov.au/individuals/pathway.asp?pc=001/002/008/007&mnu=998&mfp=001/002&cy=1 Higher Education Loan Programme] (HELP)
# [[HEFCE]] stands for ''Higher Education Funding Council for England'' ([[UK]])
# [[HEFCW]] stands for ''Higher Education Funding Council for Wales'' ([[UK]])
# [[HEI]] stands for ''Higher Education Institution''
# [[HELIOS]] stands for [[Horizontal E-Learning Integrated Observation System]]
# [[HERO]] stands for Higher Education and Research Opportunities ([[UK]])
# [[HES]] stands for [[Harvard University Extension School]] ([[US]])
# [[HESA]] stands for [[Higher Education South Africa]], an association of Rectors
# [[HETAC]] stands for the [[Higher Education and Training Awards Council]] ([[Ireland]])
# [[HFH]] stands for [[Hamburger Fern-Hochschule]] ([[Austria]])
# [[HFH]] stands for [[Hamburger Fern-Hochschule]] ([[Germany]])
# [[HiG]] stands for [[University of Gävle]] - Högskolan i Gävle ([[Sweden]])
# [[HKU]] stands for [[University of Hong Kong]]
# [[HKVU]] stands for [[Hong Kong Virtual University]]
# [[HKCyberU]] stands for the [[Hong Kong Cyber University]] at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University
# [[HNRTVU]] or [[Henan RTV]] stands for [[Henan Radio & TV University‎]] ([[China]])
# [[HOU]] (GR) stands for the [[Hellenic Open University]] ([[Greece]]) or:
# HOU (VT) [[Hanoi Open University]] ([[Vietnam]])
# [[Howest]] stands for [[University College West Flanders]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[HSUM]] stands for [[Health Sciences University of Mongolia]]
# [[HUBrussel]] stands for [[Hogeschool-Universiteit_Brussel]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[HUT]] used to be used for [[Helsinki University of Technology]] ([[Finland]]) but [[TKK]] (Teknillinen KorkeaKoulu) is preferred
# [[HW]] stands for [[Heriot-Watt University]]
# [[HYCU]] stands for [[Hanyang Cyber University]] ([[South Korea]])
# [[IAU]] stands for [[International Association of Universities]]
# [[IBA]] stands for [[International Business Academy]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[IBC]] stands for [[International Business College]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[ICDE]] stands for the [[International Council for Open and Distance Education]]
# [[ICDL]] stands for the former International Centre for Distance Learning (at [[UKOU]]) - the database is still available to subscribers
# [[ICETEL]] stands for [[Improving Continuing Education and Training through e-learning]]
# [[IDCE]] stands for the [[[Institute of Distance and Continuing Education]http://www.uog.edu.gy/schools/idce]]
# [[IEC]] stands for the [[Idaho Electronic Campus]]
# [[IGNOU]] stands for [[Indira Gandhi National Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[IHA]] stands for [[Engineering College of Aarhus]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[IHK]] stands for [[Copenhagen University College of Engineering]] ([[Denmark]])
# IIT stands for [[Indian Institute of Technology]] ([[India]]); or
# IIT stands for [[Institute of Information Technology]] ([[Vietnam]]) - see also [[IOIT]]
# [[ILCCO]] stands for [[Illinois Community Colleges Online]] ([[US]])
# [[IMRTVU]] stands for [[Inner Mongolia Radio & TV University]]
# [[IMS]] used to stand for Instructional Management System (the initials IMS are no longer an acronym)
# [[INQAAHE]] stands for [[International Network for Quality Assurance Agencies in Higher Education]]
# [[IOCCOC]] stands for [[Iowa Community College Online Consortium]] ([[US]])
# [[IOIT]] stands for [[Institute of Information Technology]] ([[Vietnam]]) - see also [[IIT]]
# [[IOU]] stands for [[Intercultural Open University]] (based in the [[Netherlands]])
# [[ISI]] stands for [[Independent Study in Idaho]] ([[US]])
# [[ITESM]] stands for ''Instituto Tecnologico Superior de Monterrey'' - see [[Tecnológico de Monterrey]] ([[Mexico]])
# [[ITIU]] stansd for [[Università telematica internazionale UNINETTUNO]]
# [[ITU]] stands for [[IT-University of Copenhagen]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[It-vest]] stands for [[IT University West]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[IU]] stands for [[Indiana University]] Online
# [[IUA]] stands for the [[Irish Universities Association]] ([[Ireland]]) (Republic)
# [[IVC]] stands for the [[Illinois Virtual Campus]] ([[US]])
# [[JANET]] stands for Joint Academic NETwork (alleged originally to be a name significant to one of the original developers) ([[UK]])
# [[JIU]] stands for [[Jones International University]]
# [[JKU]] stands for [[Johannes Kepler Universität Linz]] ([[Austria]])
# [[JPPSG]] stands for [[Joint Procurement Policy and Strategy Group]] ([[UK]] Higher Education)
# [[JSTVU]] stands for [[Jiangsu Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[KaHo Sint-Lieven]] stands for [[Katholieke Hogeschool Sint-Lieven]]/[[Catholic University College Ghent]]([[Belgium]])
# [[KHiS]] stands for [[Kommuner och Hogskolor i Samverkan]] ([[Sweden]])
# [[KHK]] stands for [[KH Kempen University College]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[KHLim]] stands for [[Limburg Catholic University College| Katholieke Hogeschool Limburg]] or [[Limburg Catholic University College]] in English ([[Belgium]])
# [[KIIB&M]] stands for [[Kuban Institute of International Business and Management]] ([[Russia]])
# [[KIU]] stands for [[Knowledge International University]] ([[Saudi Arabia]])
# [[KKHSOU]] stands for [[K. K. Handique State University]] or K. K. Handique State Open University ([[India]])
# [[KNOU]] stands for [[Korea National Open University]]
# [[KSF]] stands for [[Key success factor]]
# [[KSOU]] stands for [[Karnataka State Open University]]
# [[KTH]] stands for [[KTH Royal Institute of Technology]] ([[Sweden]])
# [[KU]] (DK) stands for [[University of Copenhagen]] ([[Denmark]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# KU (KE) stands for [[Kenyatta University]] ([[Kenya]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# KU (US) stands for [[Kaplan College]] or Kaplan University ([[US]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation)
# [[KYVC]] and [[KYVU]] stand for [[Kentucky Virtual University]] ([[US]])
# [[LATWF]] stands for the [[Learning and Technology World Forum]], a series of conferences held each January in London, [[UK]]
# [[LCUC]] stands for [[Limburg Catholic University College]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[LERU]] stands for [[League of European Research Universities]]
# [[LieDM]] or [[LIEDM]] stands for [[Lithuanian National Distance Education Network]]
# [[LIFE]] stands for [[Learning Interoperability Framework for Europe]]
# [[LiU]] stands for [[Linköping University]]
# [[LIVIUS]] stands for [[Learning in a Virtual Integrated University]]
# [[LSDA]] stands for the former Learning and Skills Development Agency ([[UK]]) - now split into [[LSN]] and [[QIA]]
# [[LTSC]] stands for Learning Technology Standards Committee (of IEEE)
# [[LU]] stands for [[Luxembourg]] (the country) or:
# LU (CA) stands for [[Lakehead University]] ([[Canada]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# LU (CA) stands for [[Laurentian University]] ([[Canada]]) (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation)
# [[LVU]] stands for [[Lithuanian Virtual University]]
# [[MASSIVE]] stands for [[Modelling Advice and Support Services to Integrate Virtual Component in Higher Education]]
# [[MASTER]] stand for [[Mobility, Assessment, Selection, Technology and E-Learning Research]]
# [[MEDIU]] stands for [[Al-Madinah International University]] ([[Philippines]])
# [[MELI]] stands for [[Major E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[MENU]] stands for [[Model for a European Networked University for e-Learning]]
# [[MESI]] stands for [[Moscow State University of Economics, Statistics and Informatics]] ([[Russia]])
# [[MEXT]] stands for the [[Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology]] ([[Japan]])
# [[MIT]] stands for the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] ([[US]])
# [[MOO]] stands for Multi-User Dungeons, Object Oriented
# [[MPBOU]] stands for [[Madhya Pradesh Bhoj Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[MSU]] stands for [[Michigan State University]] ([[US]])
# [[MU]] stands for [[Masaryk University]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[MUW]] stands for [[Medizinische Universität Wien]] ([[Austria]])
# [[MVHS]] stands for Michigan Virtual High School ([[US]]) - see [[Michigan Virtual University]]
# [[MVS]] stands for Michigan Virtual School ([[US]]) - see [[Michigan Virtual University]]
# [[MVU]] (US) stands for [[Michigan Virtual University]] ([[US]]) - or:
# MVU stands for [[Mediterranean Virtual University]], a consortium
# [[NADE]] (NO) stands for the [[Norwegian Association for Distance Education]] or:
# NADE (LT) stands for the [[National Association of Distance Education]] in [[Lithuania]]
# [[NAHE]] stands for the [[Swedish National Association for Higher Education]]
# [[NCSL]] stands for [[National College for School Leadership]] in the [[UK]]
# [[NCU]] stands for [[Northcentral University]] ([[US]])
# [[NDEC]] stands for the National Distance Education Centre of [[Ireland]] - see also [[Oscail]] in Irish
# [[NDMA]] stands for [[Nacionaline distancinio mokymo asociacija]], in English [[National Association of Distance Education]]
# [[NELI]] stands for [[Notable E-Learning Initiative]]
# [[NIME]] stands for the [[National Institute of Multimedia Education]] ([[Japan]])
# [[NJVU]] stands for [[New Jersey Virtual University]] ([[US]])
# [[NKI]] stands for [[NKI Distance Education]], the main distance learning provider in [[Norway]]
# [[NKS]] stands for [[NKS Nettstudier]], sometimes called [[NKS Distance Education]] ([[Norway]]) (to be carefully distinguished from [[NKI]])
# [[NMMU]] stands for [[Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[NOKUT]] stands for ''Nasjonalt organ for kvalitet i utdanningen'', the [[Norwegian Agency for Quality Assurance in Education]]
# [[NOU]] stands for [[Norway Opening Universities]], the innovation programme in e-learning for HE in [[Norway]] - or:
# [[NOU]] stands for [[National Open University]] of [[Taiwan]]
# [[NOUN]] stands for the [[National Open University of Nigeria]]
# [[NPTEL]] stands for [[National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning]] ([[India]])
# [[NQAI]] stands for the [[National Qualifications Authority of Ireland]]
# [[NREN]] stands for ''National Research and Education Network''
# [[NSHU]] stands for the [[Swedish Agency for Networks and Cooperation in Higher Education]], formerly called the Swedish Net University Agency - be careful to distinguish this from [[NHSU]], the [[NHS University]] of the [[UK]]
# [[NSOU]] stands for [[Netaji Subhas Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[NSU]] stands for [[Nova Southeastern University]] ([[US]])
# [[NUCCAT]] stands for ''Northern Universities Consortium for Credit Accumulation and Transfer''
# [[NUS]] stands for [[National University of Singapore]]
# [[NUST]] stands for [[National University of Science and Technology]] ([[Zimbabwe]])
# [[NVU]] stands for [[Norwegian Networked University]], an association in Norway
# [[NWPI]] stands for [[North-West State Correspondence Technical University]] ([[Russia]])
# [[NWU]] stands for [[North-West University]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[NZQA]] stands for the [[New Zealand Qualifications Authority]]
# [[OBHE]] stands for the [[Observatory on Borderless Higher Education]]
# [[ODLAA]] stands for the [[Open and distance learning association of Australia]]
# [[ODU]] stands for [[Old Dominion University]] ([[US]])
# [[OECD]] stands for Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
# [[OHO]] stands for [[Open Hoger Onderwijs]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[OISE]] stands for the [[Ontario Institute for Studies in Education]] - part of the [http://www.utoronto.ca/ University of Toronto] ([[Canada]])
# [[OKI]] stands for Open Knowledge Initiative
# [[OLA]] stands for [[Open Learning Agency]] (British Columbia) – to be closed. It could also stand for ''Open Learning Australia''.
# [[OLCOS]] stands for [[Open e-Learning Content Observatory Services]]
# [[OLF]] stands for [[Open Learning Foundation]] in the [[United Kingdom]]
# [[OLIF]] stands for the [[Online Learning Innovation Fund]] of the [[UK]]
# [[OPENU]] stands for [[Open University of Israel]] ([[Israel]]) - also [[OUI]]
# [[OPNZ]] stands for the [[Open Polytechnic of New Zealand]]
# [[ORMEE]] stands for [[Observatory on Rights Management for e-Learning in Europe]]
# [[OSU]] (CZ) stands for [[University of Ostrava]] ([[Czech Republic]]) - or:
# OSU (RU) [[Orenburg State University]] ([[Russia]])
# [[OTEN]] stands for [[Open Training and Education Network]] ([[Australia]])
# [[OU Libya]] stands for [[Open University of Libya]] ([[Libya]])
# [[OU]] is a common abbreviation for UK [[Open University]] - we try to use [[UKOU]] instead
# [[OUA]] stands for [[Open Universities Australia]] -- formerly ''Open Learning Australia''
# [[OUBS]] stands for [[Open University Business School in Denmark]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[OUC]] (CY) stands for [[Open University of Cyprus]] ([[Cyprus]]) or:
# OUC (US) stands for [[Online University Consortium]] ([[US]])
# [[OUHK]] stands for [[Open University of Hong Kong]]
# [[OUI]] stands for [[Open University of Israel]] - also, [[OPENU]]
# [[OUJ]] stands for the [[Open University of Japan]], formerly the [[University of the Air]]
# [[OUM]] stands for [[Open University of Malaysia]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[OUN]] stands for [[Open Universiteit Nederland]]
# [[OUNR]] stands for [[Open University National Role]] ([[UK]])
# [[OUS]] stands for the [[Open University of Sudan]]
# [[OUSL]] stands for the [[Open University of Sri Lanka]]
# [[OUT]] stands for the [[Open University of Tanzania]]
# [[OUWB]] stands for [[Ohio University Without Boundaries]], [[US]]
# [[P2PU]] stands for [[Peer 2 Peer University]], [[US]]
# [[PANdora]] stands for Pan Asia Networking distance and open resource access, a study project
# [[PBP-VC]] stands for [[Promoting Best Practice in Virtual Campuses]]
# [[PHL]] stands for [[PHL University College]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[PI]] stands for [[Greek Pedagogical Institute]]
# [[PLATO]] stands for [[ICT Platform for Online Learning and Experiences Accreditation in the Mobility Programme]]
# [[PLM-OU]] stands for [[Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila Open University]] ([[Philippines]])
# [[PnM]] or [[PNM]] stand for [[Pick&Mix]]
# [[PNU]] stands for [[Payame Noor University]] ([[Iran]])
# [[PolyU]] stands for [[Hong Kong Polytechnic University]]
# [[PPIU]] stands for [[Phnom Penh International University]] ([[Cambodia]])
# [[PROMETEUS]] stands for PROmoting Multimedia access to Education and Training in EUropean Society
# [[PRTVU]] stands for one of the provincial-level Radio & TV universities in [[China]]
# [[PSSOU]] stands [[Pt. Sunderlal Sharma Open University| Pandit Sunderlal Sharma Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[PSU]] stands for Pennsylvania State University ([[US]]) - see [[Penn State World Campus]]
# [[PUP OU]] stands for [[Polytechnic University of the Philippines]] Open University System ([[Philippines]])
# [[PUW]] stands for [[Polski Uniwersytet Wirtualny]], the [[Polish Virtual University]]
# [[QA]] stands for [[quality assurance]]
# [[QAA]] stands for Quality Assurance Agency (for Higher Education in the [[UK]])
# [[QCA]] stands for Qualifications and Curriculum Authority ([[UK]])
# [[QOU]] stands for [[Al-Quds Open University]] ([[Palestine]])
# [[QUADEM]] stands for [[Quality Assessment of Digital Educational Materials]]
# [[QUAL-E-LEARNING]] stands for [[La qualité de l'eLearning]]
# [[QUT]] stands for [[Queensland University of Technology]] ([[Australia]])
# [[REVE]] stands for [[REal Virtual Erasmus]]
# [[RIO]] stands for Reusable Information Object (as at Cisco)
# [[RLO]] stands for Reusable Learning Object (as at Cisco)
# [[RMIT]] stands for Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (former name for RMIT) ([[Australia]])
# [[RRU]] stands for [[Royal Roads University]] ([[Canada]])
# [[RUC]] stands for [[Roskilde University]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[SAIDE]] stands for [[South African Institute for Distance Education]]
# [[SAIDI]] stands for [[Southeast Asia Interdisciplinary Development Institute]] School of Organization Development ([[Philippines]])
# [[SCAD]] stands for [[Savannah College of Art and Design]] ([[US]])
# [[SCONUL]] stands for Society of College, National and University Libraries
# [[SCORM]] stands for Sharable Course (or Courseware or Content) Object Reference Model
# [[SCQF]] stands for [[Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework]] ([[UK]])
# [[SCRTVU]] stands for [[Sichuan Radio & TV University]] ([[China]]) - see also [[SRTVU]]
# [[SCU]] stands for [[Southern Cross University]] ([[Australia]])
# [[Scuola IaD]] stands for [[Scuola IaD| Scuola per l'Istruzione a Distanza]], University of Rome Tor Vergata ([[Italy]])
# [[SDU]] (DK) stands for [[University of Southern Denmark]] ([[Denmark]]) - or:
# SDU (KR) stands for [[Seoul Digital University]] ([[Korea]])
# [[SEAMOLEC]] stands for [[South Asian Minister of Education Organization Regional Open Learning Center]] ([[Indonesia]])
# [[SEEL]] stands for [[Supporting Excellence in eLearning]]
# [[SEEQUEL]] stands for [[Sustainable Environment for the Evaluation of Quality in eLearning]]
# [[SEFI]] stands for [[European Society for Engineering Education]]
# [[SEU]] stands for [[Southeast University]] ([[Bangladesh]])
# [[SFC]] stands for the [[Scottish Funding Council]] ([[UK]])
# [[SFEFC]] stood for the former ''Scottish Further Education Funding Council'', now part of the [[Scottish Funding Council]] ([[UK]])
# [[SFU]] stands for [[Simon Fraser University]], in Vancouver ([[Canada]])
# [[SHEFC]] stands for the former ''Scottish Higher Education Funding Council'', now part of the [[Scottish Funding Council]] ([[UK]])
# [[SHTVU]] stands for [[Shanghai TV University]] - see also [[STVU]]
# [[SHU]] stands for [[Sheffield Hallam University]] ([[UK]])
# [[SLN]] stands for [[SUNY Learning Network]] ([[US]])
# [[SPC]] stands for [[St. Petersburg College]] ([[US]])
# [[SREB]] stands for [[Southern Regional Electronic Board]] ([[Electronic Campus]])
# [[SRTVU]] stands for [[Sichuan Radio & TV University]] ([[China]]) - see also [[SCRTVU]]
# [[STOU]] stands for [[Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University]] ([[Thailand]])
# [[STVU]] stands for [[Shanghai TV University]] - see also [[SHTVU]]
# [[SUA]] stands for [[Sokoine University of Agriculture]] ([[Tanzania]])
# [[SURF]] stands for the Dutch educational network ([[Netherlands]])
# [[SURFnet]] stands for SURF network ([[Netherlands]])
# [[SVC]] stands for [[Swiss Virtual Campus]]
# [[SVU]] stands for [[Syrian Virtual University]]
# [[SXRTVU]] stands for [[Shaanxi Radio and Television University]] ([[China]])
# [[SYTVU]] stands for [[Shenyang Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[TDU]] stand for [[Thematic Digital Universities]] ([[France]])
# [[TechBC]] stand for the former [[Technical University of British Columbia]] ([[Canada]])
# [[TÉLUQ ]] (and various variants) stands for the [[Télé-université]] du Québec, now part of the [[Université du Québec à Montréal]] ([[UQAM]])
# [[TGOU]] stands for the [[The Global Open University of Zambia]]
# [[TJRTVU]] stands for [[Tianjin Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[TKK]] stands for [[Helsinki University of Technology]] ('''''T'''eknillinen '''k'''orkea'''k'''oulu'')
# [[TLTP]] stands for Teaching and Learning Technology Programme ([[UK]])
# [[TNOU]] stands for [[Tamil Nadu Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[TQEF]] stands for [[Teaching Quality Enhancement Fund]] ([[UK]])
# [[TRU]] stands for [[Thompson Rivers University]] ([[Canada]])
# [[TUT]] stands for [[Tallinn University of Technology]] ([[Estonia]]) or:
# TUT stands for [[Tshwane University of Technology]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[TVU]] stands for [[Tamil Virtual University]] ([[India]])
# [[U21]] stands for [[Universitas 21]]
# UAB (BR) stands for [[Universidade Aberta do Brasil]] ([[Brazil]])
# [[UAb]] (PT) stands for [[Universidade Aberta]], the [[Portuguese Open University]] ([[Portugal]])
# [[UAE]] stands for [[United Arab Emirates]] (the country)
# [[UArctic]] stands for [[University of the Arctic]]
# [[UB]] stands for [[University of Baltimore]] ([[US]])
# [[UC3M]] stands for [[University Carlos III of Madrid]]
# [[UCAS]] stands for Universities and Colleges Admissions System ([[UK]])
# [[UCC]] stands for [[University College Copenhagen]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCF]] stands for [[University of Central Florida]] ([[US]])
# [[UCISA]] stands for the Universities and Colleges Information Systems Association ([[UK]])
# [[UCJ]] stands for [[Jutland University College]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCL]] stand for [[University College London]] ([[UK]])
# [[UCM]] stands for [[Complutensian University of Madrid]]
# [[UCN]] stands for [[University College of Northern Denmark]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCOL]] stands for [[Universal College of Learning]] ([[New Zealand]])
# [[UCSC]] stands for [[University of Colombo School of Computing]] ([[Sri Lanka]])
# [[UCSJ]] stands for [[University College Sealand]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCSouth]] stands for [[University College South]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[UCT]] stands for [[University of Cape Town]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[UDIMA]] stands for [[Universidad a distancia de Madrid]], or Open University of Madrid ([[Spain]])
# [[UEF]] stands for the [[University of Eastern Finland]] ([[Finland]])
# [[Ufi]] (or sometimes [[UFI]]) stands for [[University for Industry]], who deliver [[learndirect]] ([[UK]])
# [[UFS]] stands for [[University of the Free State]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[UGent]] stands for [[Universiteit Gent]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[UH]] stands for [[University of Hawaii]] System ([[US]])
# [[UHI]] stands for [[University of the Highlands and Islands]] ([[Scotland]]) ([[UK]])
# [[UIS]] stands for [[University of Illinois Springfield]]
# [[UiTM]] stands for [[Universiti Teknologi MARA]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[UK]] stands for [[United Kingdom]] - see also the University of Kentucky ([[US]])
# [[UKeU]] is the [[UK e-University]], more properly called [[UK eUniversities Worldwide Limited]] ([[UK]])
# [[UKEU]] stands for [[UK eUniversities Worldwide Limited]], or the [[UK eUniversity]] ([[UK]])
# [[UKOLN]] stands for UK Office for Library and Information Networking ([[UK]])
# [[UKOU]] stands for UK [[Open University]] ([[UK]])
# [[ULB]] stands for [[Université Libre de Bruxelles]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[ULC]] stands for [[University College Lillebaelt]] ([[Denmark]])
# [[ULg]] stands for [[University of Liege]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[ULPGC]] stands for [[University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria]] ([[Canary Islands]]; [[Spain]])
# [[UMCS]] stands for [[Maria Curie-Sklodowska University]]
# [[UMH]] stands for the [[Université de Mons-Hainaut]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[UMU]] stand for [[Umeå University]]
# [[UMUC]] stands for [[University of Maryland University College]] ([[US]])
# [[UNAD]] stands for [[Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia]] ([[Colombia]])
# [[UNAM]] stands for [[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]] ([[Mexico]])
# [[UnB]] stands for [[University of Brazil]] (Universidade de Brasilia) ([[Brazil]])
# [[UNE]] (AU) stands for [[University of New England]] ([[Australia]]) - or:
# UNE (US) stands for [[University of New England (US)]]
# [[UNED]] stands for [[Universidad Estatal a Distancia]] ([[Costa Rica]])
# [[UNED]] stands for [[Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UNESCO]] stands for the [[United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization]]
# [[UNIA]] stands for the [[International University of Andalusia]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UNIACC]] stands for [[Universidad de las Artes, Ciencias, y Comunicaciones]] ([[Chile]])
# [[Uniandes]] stands for [[University of the Andes]] ([[Colombia]])
# [[UNIEDPA]] stands for [[Universidad Estatal a Distancia]] ([[Panama]])
# [[UNINETT]] is the National Education and Research Network for [[Norway]]
# [[UNIOVI]] stands for [[University of Oviedo]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UNI-QM]] stands for [[European University Quality Management Tools for Lifelong Learning]]
# [[UniSA]] stands for [[University of South Australia]] ([[Australia]])
# [[UNISA]] stands for the [[UNISA Online Campus]] at the [[University of South Africa]] ([[South Africa]])
# [[UNISIM]] or [[UniSIM]] stands for [[SIM University]] ([[Singapore]])
# [[UNITAR]] stands for [[Universiti Tun Abdul Razak]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[UNIURB]] stands for [[University of Urbino "Carlo Bo"]] ([[Italy]])
# [[UNR]] stands for [[Universités numériques en région]] ([[France]])
# [[UNT]] stands for [[Universités Numériques Thématiques]] ([[France]])
# [[UOB]] stands for [[University of Bahrain]] ([[Bahrain]])
# [[UOC]] stands for [[Universitat Oberta de Catalunya]], the ''Open University of Catalonia'' ([[Spain]]
# [[UoL]] stands for [[University of London]]
# [[UoP]] stands for [[University of the People]] ([[US]])
# [[UOPX]] stands for [[University of Phoenix]] ([[US]])
# [[UPX]] stands for [[University of Phoenix]] ([[US]])
# [[UOU]] stands for [[Uttarakhand Open University]] ([[India]] )
# [[UPC]] stands for [[Polytechnic University of Catalonia]]
# [[UPF]] stands for [[Pompeu Fabra University]]
# [[UPM]] stands for [[Universidad Politécnica de Madrid]], the [[Technical University of Madrid]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UPOU]] stands for [[University of the Philippines Open University]] ([[Philippines]])
# [[UPRTOU]] stands for [[U.P. Rajarshi Tandon Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[URJC]] stands for [[Rey Juan Carlos University]] ([[Spain]])
# [[UQAM]] stands for the [[Université du Québec à Montréal]] ([[Canada]])
# [[USDLA]] stands for the [[United States Distance Learning Association]] ([[United States]])
# [[USM]] stands for [[Universiti Sains Malaysia]] ([[Malaysia]])
# [[USOU]] stands for [[United States Open University]] ([[United States]])
# [[USP]] (BR) stands for the [[University of Sao Paulo]] ([[Brazil]]) or:
# [[USP]] (FJ) stands for the [[University of the South Pacific]] ([[Fiji]]) (online learning)
# [[USQ]] (AU) stands for [[University of Southern Queensland]] ([[Australia]])
# [[USV]] stands for [[Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava]] ([[Romania]])
# [[UAPA]] stands for [[Open University for Adults]] ([[Dominican Republic]])
# [[UT]] (NL) stands for [[University of Twente]] ([[Netherlands]]) - (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# [[UT]] (IN) stands for [[Universitas Terbuka]] ([[Indonesia]]) - (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation) - or:
# [[UT]] (EE) stands for [[University of Tartu]] ([[Estonia]]) - (we do not use the two-letter abbreviation)
# [[UTPL]] stands for [[Universidad Tecnica Particular de Loja]] ([[Ecuador]])
# [[UU]] stands for [[Uppsala University]]
# [[UUK]] stands for [[Universities UK]] ([[United Kingdom]])
# [[UvA]] stands for [[University of Amsterdam]]
# [[UVF]] stands for [[Université Virtuelle Francophone]] ([[Canada]])
# [[UVPL]] stands for [[Université Virtuelle en Pays de la Loire]] ([[France]])
# [[UVQ]] stands for [[Universidad Virtual de Quilmes]] ([[Argentina]])
# [[UVT]] stands for [[Université Virtuelle de Tunis]] ([[Tunisia]])
# [[UWI]] stands for [[University of the West Indies]]
# [[UWIDEC]] stands for [[University of the West Indies]] - Distance Education Centre
# [[UWO]] stands for [[University of Western Ontario]] ([[Canada]])
# [[UWS]] stands for [[University of the West of Scotland]] ([[UK]])
# [[VCSE]] stands for [[Virtual Campus for A Sustainable Europe]]
# [[VEBS]] stands for [[Virtual European Banking School]]
# [[VENUS]] stands for [[Virtual and E-mobility for Networking Universities in Society]]
# [[VFH]] stands for [[Hochschulverbund Virtuelle Fachhochschule]] ([[Germany]]))
# [[VGU]] stands for the [[Virtual Global University]]
# [[VHB]] stands for [[Bavarian Virtual University]] ([[Germany]])
# [[ViCaDiS]] stands for [[Virtual Campus for Digital Students]]
# [[VICTORIOUS]] stands for [[VIrtual Curricula ThrOugh Reliable InterOperating University Systems]]
# [[VIPA]] stands for [[VIrtual campus for virtual space design Provided for european Architects]]
# [[VirtUE]] stands for [[Virtual University for Europe]]
# [[VM-BASE]] stands for [[Virtual Mobility Before and After Student Exchanges]]
# [[VMOU]] stands for [[Vardhaman Mahaveer Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[VŠERS]] stands for [[College of European and Regional Studies]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[VSZDRAV]] stands for [[College of Nursing and Midwifery]] ([[Czech Republic]])
# [[VU]] stands for [[Pakistan Virtual University]] or Virtual University of Pakistan
# [[VUB]] stands for [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[VUSAT]] stands for [[Virtual University for the Semi-Arid Tropics]] ([[India]])
# [[VUSME]] stands for [[Virtual University for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises]]
# [[VUSSC]] stands for [[Virtual University for Small States of the Commonwealth]]
# [[VUT]] stands for [[Brno University of Technology]]
# [[W&K]] stands for [[Hogeschool voor Wetenschap & Kunst]] / [[University College for Sciences and Arts]] ([[Belgium]])
# [[WADEA]] stands for the [[West African Distance Education Association]]
# [[WCEL]] stands for [[Waikato Centre for eLearning]] ([[New Zealand]])
# [[WCET]] stands for Western Cooperative for Educational Telecommunications
# [[Webcampus]] of the [[Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix]] (FUNDP) ([[Belgium]])
# [[WGU]] stands for [[Western Governors University]] ([[US]])
# [[WHOLE]] stands for [[Web-based health Organisations Learning Environment]]
# [[WOU]] stands for [[Wawasan Open University]]
# [[WSEH]] stands for [[Academy of Humanities and Economics]]
# [[WTO]] stands for World Trade Organisation
# [[XML]] stands for Extensible Markup Language
# [[YCMOU]] stands for [[Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University]] ([[India]])
# [[YÖK]] stands for ''Yükseköğretim Kurulu'', the Turkish for [[Council of Higher Education (Turkey)]]
# [[YRTVU]] stands for [[Yunnan Radio & TV University]] ([[China]])
# [[ZFH]] stands for [[Zentralstelle für Fernstudien an Fachhochschulen]] ([[Germany]])
# [[ZFUW]] stands for [[Zentrum für Fernstudien und Universitäre Weiterbildung]] ([[Germany]])
# [[ZAOU]] stands for [[Zambian Open University]]
# [[ZOU]] stands for [[Zimbabwe Open University]]

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> [[Programmes]]
 
>> [[Main Page]]

[[Category:Abbreviations| ]]

NWPI

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#REDIRECT [[North-West State Correspondence Technical University]]
[[Category:Abbreviations]]

North-West State Correspondence Technical University

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{{stub}}
The ''North-West State Correspondence Technical University'' (NWPI) supports...


The institution’s main office is in Saint Petersburg, [[Russia]]. Other campuses...



The Academy of Humanities and Economics web site is at http://www.nwpi.ru







----
> [[Russia]]

> [[Programmes]]

[[Category: Russia]]
[[Category:Universities]]
[[Category:Colleges]]
[[Category: University colleges]]

VIrtual campus for virtual space design Provided for european Architects

2009-09-16T13:04:07Z

Gertjan: /* Partners */ internal link

{{stub}}
The ''VIrtual campus for virtual space design Provided for european Architects'' ('''VIPA''') was selected in 2004 under Erasmus Virtual Campus. It was funded from 2005-2007. Per the original project description:

:The objective is the development of a trans-national virtual campus containing an e-learning and research platform for European architecture universities in the field of Virtual Space Design.

The VIPA web site is at http://vipa.adm.at/about/vipa/what-is-vipa

== Partners ==
* adm™ ([[Austria]]) - '''Co-ordinator'''
* Institute of Architecture and Design / TU Vienna ([[Austria]])
* FH Joanneum - University of Applied Sciences ([[Austria]])
* University of East London ([[UK]])
* [[University of Ljubljana]] ([[Slovenia]])
* University of Aalborg ([[Denmark]])
* E. Gabriel - Immersive Systeme ([[Germany]])

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> [[Programmes]]

[[Category:VC supported by EC]]

Web-based health Organisations Learning Environment

2009-09-16T13:03:24Z

Gertjan: /* Partners */ internal link

{{stub}}
The ''Web-based Health Organisations Learning Environment'' project ('''Virtual Academy for Health''', WHOLE) is funded from 2007-2009 under the Erasmus Virtual Campuses, as 134301-LLP-1-2007-1-DE-ERASMUS-EVC.

The overall aim of the WHOLE project is to develop and consolidate a European Virtual Academy of Innovation in Health. According to the official project pamphlet cited below, the main expected project results are:

* A European Master's degree for intercultural and societal healthcare studies,
* A report on “Professional development goals and ICT in the transformation of the healthcare sector”,
* An operational European virtual academy and Virtual learning environment, and
* A white paper, “Towards a European framework for collaboration and innovation in public health”.

The virtual learning environment is expected to include learning resources repositories, learners’ management facilities, virtual communities and other social software facilities.

The WHOLE web site is at http://www.whole-academy.eu

== More details ==

== Reports ==
See an official project leaflet at http://hrzserv10.zki.hs-magdeburg.de/moodle/file.php/42/Downloads/Whole_Leaflet.pdf

== Partners ==
* University of Erlangen (Nuremberg, [[Germany]]) - '''Co-ordinator'''
* The Department of Health NHS with TrueBlue Consultancy ([[UK]])
* Fondazione Angelo Celli per una cultura della salute ([[Italy]])
* University of Applied Sciences Magdeburg Stendal ([[Germany]])
* National School of Public Health ([[Greece]])
* Scienter Italia ([[Italy]])
* [[University of Ljubljana]] ([[Slovenia]])
* Regional Agency for Health and Social Care of Emilia-Romagna ([[Italy]])

----
 
> [[Programmes]]

[[Category:VC supported by EC]]

Slovenia

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Gertjan: /* Universities in Slovenia */ internal link

== Partners situated in Slovenia ==

None.

== Slovenia in a nutshell ==

''Slovenia'', officially the '''Republic of Slovenia''' (Slovene: '''Republika Slovenija'''), is a country in southern Central Europe bordering [[Italy]] to the west, the Adriatic Sea to the southwest, [[Croatia]] to the south and east, [[Hungary]] to the northeast, and [[Austria]] to the north. The capital of Slovenia is Ljubljana.

[[Image:Slovenia.gif|right|thumb|250px|Source : http://www.cia.gov]]
At various points in Slovenia's history, the country has been part of many other countries and empires.

The Slovenian head of state is the president, who is elected by popular vote every five years. The executive branch is headed by the prime minister and the council of ministers or cabinet, who are elected by the National Assembly.

The bicameral Parliament of Slovenia consists of the National Assembly (Državni zbor), and the National Council (Državni svet). The National Assembly has 90 members, 88 of which are elected by all the citizens in a system of proportional representation, while two are elected by the indigenous Hungarian and Italian minorities. Elections take place every four years. The National Assembly is the supreme representative and legislative institution, exercising legislative and electoral powers as well as control over the Executive and the Judiciary. The National Council has 40 members, appointed to represent social, economic, professional and local interest groups. Among its best-known powers is the authority of the "postponing veto" - it can demand that the Parliament re-discusses a certain piece of legislation (a mechanism similar to that in the [[UK]]).

For further details of government see the English web site at http://www.gov.si/

The traditional regions of Slovenia are based on the former four Habsburg crown lands (Carniola, Carinthia, Styria, and the Littoral) and are as follows:

* Upper Carniola (Gorenjska)
* Lower Styria (Štajerska)
* Prekmurje (Prekmurje)
* Carinthia (Koroška)
* Inner Carniola (Notranjska)
* Lower Carniola (Dolenjska)
* Goriška (Goriška)
* Slovenian Istria (Slovenska Istra)

Goriška and Slovenian Istria together are known as the Littoral region (Slovene: Primorska).

White Carniola (Slovene: Bela krajina), otherwise part of Lower Carniola, is considered a separate region of Slovenia, as are Zasavje and Posavje, the former being a part of Upper Carniola, Lower Carniola and Styria; and the latter part of Lower Carniola and Styria.

Confusingly, there are also statistical regions which are different. Finally, the government is preparing a plan for ''new'' administrative regions, between 12 and 14 in number.

Slovenia is divided into 210 local municipalities, eleven of which have urban status.

Slovenia is the economic front-runner of the countries that joined the European Union in 2004 and was the first new member which adopted the euro on 1 January 2007. It has a high-income developed economy which enjoys the second highest (after Cyprus) GDP per capita ($28,010 = estimate for 2008) of the new EU countries which is 93% of the EU average.

Despite economic success, Slovenia faces some challenges. Big portions of the economy remains in state hands and foreign direct investment (FDI) in Slovenia is one of the lowest in the EU per capita. Taxes are relatively high, the labour market is seen as inflexible, and industries are losing sales to China, India, and elsewhere. During the 2000s, privatizations were seen in the banking, telecommunications, and public utility sectors. Restrictions on foreign investment are being dismantled, and foreign direct investment (FDI) is expected to increase.

The population of Slovenia is just over 2 million (estimated 2,009,245 as of July 2007). Slovenia's main ethnic group is Slovene (83%). Nationalities from the former Yugoslavia (Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Macedonian, Montenegrin) form 5.3%, and the Hungarian, Albanian, Roma, Italian and other minorities form 2.8% of the population. Ethnic affiliation of 8.9% was either undeclared or unknown.

The official language is Slovene, which is a member of the South Slavic language group. Hungarian and Italian enjoy the status of official languages in the ethnically mixed regions along the Hungarian and Italian borders.

By religion, Slovenes are traditionally largely Roman Catholic (57.8% according to the 2002 Census).

== Slovenia education policy ==

Slovenia has two ministries dealing with education:

* [[Ministry of Education and Sport]]
* [[Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology]]

There is a rather old (1999) OECD review of education policy for Slovenia at http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/60/57/2664577.pdf

== Slovenia education system ==

The Slovenian education system consists of:

# pre-school education
# basic education (single structure of primary and lower secondary education)
# upper) secondary education: vocational and technical education, secondary general education
# higher vocational education
# higher education

Thee are also some specific parts of the system such as adult education, music and dance education, special needs education and programmes in ethnically and linguistically mixed areas.

In numbers terms there are:

* 301 kindergarten
* 454 primary schools
* 162 secondary schools of which 37 have dormitories (boarding facilities)
* 58 music schools

Currently there are three public universities in Slovenia:

* [[University of Ljubljana]]
* University of Maribor
* University of Primorska

In addition, there is the private University of Nova Gorica.

The Programme for International Student Assessment, coordinated by the OECD, currently ranks Slovenia's education as the 12th best in the world, being significantly higher than the OECD average.

=== Schools ===
(sourced from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Slovenia)

==== Pre-school education ====

Pre-school education, offered by pre-school institutions, is not compulsory. It includes children between the ages of 1 and 6. The curriculum is divided in two cycles (from 1 to 3 and from 3 to 6). The new curriculum promotes different types of programme such as: day, half-day and short programmes. There is also the possibility of childminders, pre-school education at home or occasional care of children in their homes.

The Curriculum for Pre-school Institutions defines six areas of activities: movement, language, art, nature, society and mathematics. The goals set in individual fields of activities provide the framework for the selection of contents and activities by teachers.

==== Primary school ====

Children first enter primary schooling at about age 6 and finish at about age 14. Each group of children born in the same year forms one grade or class in primary school which takes nine years or grades. Each year is divided in three semesters and each of them is around three months long. Once or twice per term, children have holidays: Autumn, Christmas, winter and May first holidays; each holiday is approximately one week long. In summer, school ends on 24 June (except in the last ninth grade, where it ends one week earlier), followed by a holiday of more than two months. The next school year starts on 1 September.

'''1st period'''

1st Period is a beginning of schooling for every child. From first to forth grade children stay in one classroom and have one class or form teacher who teaches them all subjects except PE, music, and art. In the beginning of first year there is always one special pedagogue in classroom and he or she helps the master teacher to lead little ones in the new system. They start with reading, writing and counting. In second grade they begin to learn more and more stuffs. They have native language (Slovenian, Hungarian or Italian language), mathematics, natural and sociology science, music, physical education and art. In forth grade they begin to learn their first foreign language, which is usually English. They have only descriptive marks and the real marks come in around second grade (this is school dependent: in some places real marks come in not earlier than in fourth grade).

'''2nd period'''

The 2nd Period of primary schooling starts in fifth grade when children begin switching classrooms. They still have a master teacher, which is never the same as in past four years. He or she usually teaches them one or two subjects and all others are taught by different specialized teachers. Main subjects which they need to attend are maths, native language, first foreign language, PE, music and art. Later they start physics, chemistry, geography, history, biology, technics and housekeeping. In seventh grade they must choose three new subjects from around 40 subjects which are offered (usually different foreign languages, astronomy, fine art, computer science etc.).

'''State tests'''

On the end of the third, sixth and ninth grade pupil must write special state tests in maths, native language and first foreign language (except in last year the school minister defines the last one) . Those exams are then checked and first two do not mean anything (they only measure the average or how smart children really are). But exam in ninth grade must be written at the best because they count your end points and add up them with points that you reached in the end of last year in all subjects that you attended to. That is very important for pupils because then they continue with higher school. And if they have not achieved so much points as their wanted school has define they will not be accept.

'''Marks and grades'''

In primary school marks start with 1 (insufficient) and is the only not failure mark. The second one is 2 (sufficient), next is 3 (good), then 4 (very good) and the best is 5 (excellent). For first positive mark you need to achieve little more than 50 percent, next range is around 65 percent, then 75 and for the best mark you need to know 90 percent of everything.

'''The National Education Institute of the Republic of Slovenia (ZRSŠ)'''

The National Education Institute of the Republic of Slovenia (Zavod Republike Slovenije za Šolstvo - ZRSŠ) is the main public organisation in Slovenia which encourages development in the field of education in Slovenia up to pre-university - covering all kindergartens, elementary schools, secondary schools, music schools, and student boarding schools. It appears to have some similarity with [[Becta]] in the [[UK]].

=== Secondary school ===

''No information on the relevant Wikipedia page.'' The following is sourced from the Slovenian government report [http://www.mss.gov.si/index.php?id=83&L=1 Education in Slovenia]

Secondary education follows the compulsory general basic education. Secondary schools include vocational and technical schools preparing students predominantly for labour and general secondary schools (gimnazije) preparing students predominantly for further studies. Programmes in secondary education vary in content, duration and goals.

'''General secondary education'''

General secondary school preparing students for further studies is called gimnazija. Gimnazija programmes are divided into two groups: general and professionally oriented (technical gimnazija). It lasts four years. It ends with an external examination called the matura examination. Those gimnazija students who for various reasons do not wish to continue their education have a possibility to enter the labour market by attending a vocational course and gaining a qualification in the selected occupation.

The aim of vocational courses is to provide a bridge between general and vocational education and to make it possible for graduates from general, classical, and technical gimnazije to obtain initial vocational qualifications at the level of corresponding secondary vocational and technical schools. Educational aims are the same as for vocational and technical education. The course leads to a vocational qualification needed on the labour market or for further studies at higher vocational and professional colleges.

'''Secondary vocational and technical education'''

The planning, programming and provision of vocational education are a joint responsibility of social partners (employers and trade unions) and the state. Common aims and goals of secondary vocational and technical education were defined in a common curricular document. This document stresses attainment targets in interdisciplinary fields and interest activities.

Short-term vocational programmes should last a year and a half for students and apprentices that have completed their basic education, and two and a half years for those without completed basic education. They finish with a final examination. The certificate of the final examination enables students to enter the labour market or to enter the first year at any other (upper) secondary vocational school.

Pupils who have successfully completed elementary school can enrol in 3-year secondary vocational programmes. Vocational education programmes are offered in the dual, that is the apprenticeship, system and/or in the school-based system.

The core curriculum is common to all programmes and includes a minimal scope of theoretical and practical knowledge and skills specified by occupational standards and required for a certain vocational qualification, regardless of the type of educational provision.

Practical training in the framework of the dual system is offered by employers. Programmes also specify the part of practical training that can be provided by schools and/or inter-company centres as practical instruction.

The certificate of the final examination enables students to enter the labour market or to continue education in two-year vocational-technical programmes, leading to a qualification at the level of a secondary technical school. Vocational-technical programmes are developed as upgrade of vocational education. The aims of vocational-technical programmes are the same as those of technical education programmes and lead to educational qualifications at the level of secondary technical school, also called a technical qualification, in a specific field.

On the other hand, graduates who find a job immediately after completing a three-year vocational programme can re-enter education after at least three years of employment to obtain a qualification at the level of a secondary technical school by passing examinations. By passing an examination for master craftsman, foreman or shop manager, they demonstrate a higher level of competence in their occupation. If they additionally pass examinations in the general subjects of the poklicna matura examination, they can continue their studies in higher vocational education.

Technical education is designed primarily as preparation for vocational and professional colleges, although it also leads to jobs with a broad profile. Secondary technical programmes last four years, which end with the poklicna matura examination.

== Higher education ==
(sourced from the Slovenian government report [http://www.mss.gov.si/index.php?id=83&L=1 Education in Slovenia]

Higher education includes academic university studies and professionally oriented studies.

In 2004, amendments to the Higher Education Act were adopted. The Act provides for a three-level study structure. The first level relates to the undergraduate studies and the second and third levels to postgraduate studies. The duration of study programmes is limited in years (three to four years) and credit points (180 to 240 credit points). Study programmes must be in line with the EU study programmes. The second level maintains the master's studies. It encompasses from 60 to 120 credit points and takes one or two years to complete. The third level is the doctoral studies and lasts three years. Higher education is the responsibility of the Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology

=== Universities in Slovenia ===
(sourced, with care and cross-checks, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Slovenia)

The universities are as follows:

* [[University of Ljubljana]], Ljubljana - the first and the largest university in Slovenia; with 64,000 enrolled graduate and postgraduate students, it is among the largest universities in the world - see [http://www.uni-lj.si/en/ English web site]
* University of Maribor, Maribor - see [http://www.uni-mb.si/podrocje.aspx?id=0&langid=1033 minimal English web site]
* University of Primorska, Koper - see [http://www.upr.si/en/ minimal English web site]
* University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica - the one private university - see [http://www.ung.si/en/ English web site]

Note that none except the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Ljubljana University of Ljubljana] have satisfactory Wikipedia entries (at present).

The University of Nova Gorica is listed by Wikipedia both as a public and a private university. The dilemma appears to that it is a private but non-profit university, supported by the [http://www.p-ng.si/fer/en/ Edvard Rusjan Foundation].

=== Polytechnics in Slovenia ===

The wikipedia page [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Slovenia List of universities in Slovenia] gives a long list of 25 non-university but apparently post-secondary private institutions of which the last four are "approved" - but by whom is not clear.

# European Faculty of Law, Nova Gorica
# GEA College of Entrepreneurship, Ljubljana
# Faculty of Postgraduate National and European studies, Kranj
# # Faculty of Information Studies, Novo mesto
# Faculty of Applied Social Studies, Nova Gorica
# Ljubljana Graduate School of the Humanities, Ljubljana
# Bled Higher School of Management, Bled
# International School for Business and Social Studies, Celje
# Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana
# College of Visual Arts, Ljubljana
# Celje Higher School of Commerce, Celje
# Doba Higher School of Business, Maribor
# Ljubljana School of Design, Ljubljana
# Ljubljana School of Accounting, Ljubljana
# Higher School of Applied Sciences, Ljubljana
# Higher School of Technology and Systems, Novo mesto
# Polymer Technology College, Slovenj Gradec
# Business and Management College Novo mesto, Novo mesto
# Environmental Protection College, Velenje
# College of Nursing Jesenice, Jesenice
# Higher School of Health Care, Novo mesto
# Academy of Dance, Ljubljana
# European Study Center Maribor, Maribor
# Faculty of Media, Ljubljana
# Higher School of Economy, Celje

There is an even longer list (in Slovenian) at http://www.mvzt.gov.si/si/delovna_podrocja/znanost_in_visoko_solstvo/visoko_solstvo/dejavnost_visokega_solstva/seznam_visokosolskih_zavodov/#c379

==== Higher vocational education ====

The first vocational colleges were established in 1996/97. Programmes are markedly practice-oriented and tightly connected with the world of work. Post-secondary vocational education lasts for two years ending with a diploma examination. A post-secondary vocational diploma enables students to start work in specific occupations. Since the 1998/99 academic year, vocational college graduates have been able to enrol in the second year of professionally oriented higher education programmes if the higher education institution providing this type of study allows such arrangements.

==== Adult Education ====

Adult education is characterised by impressive programme diversity. Schools and higher education institutions, basically providing youth education, also offer formal education courses for adults, adapting the organisation and programmes to their needs.

Non-formal education programmes are designed for various target groups, for example, employed people seeking to improve their employment opportunities or gain promotion, individuals wishing to enhance the quality of their life, individuals pursuing a hobby, the unemployed, marginal groups, ethnic groups, and foreigners. Access to most non-formal education courses is unrestricted.

A new act introducing a certification system was passed in 2000. It enables the assessment and verification of vocation-related knowledge, skills and experience acquired out of school. It thus makes it possible for individuals to obtain a vocational qualification in ways other than through formal schooling. Candidates undergo a knowledge assessment procedure by a special commission to obtain a state-approved certificate attesting their competence in performing certain vocational tasks. Vocational qualifications obtained in this way can be used by their holders to find a job or, in further training, demonstrating that part of an education programme has already been mastered.

== Higher education reform ==

=== The Bologna Process ===

In 2004, amendments to the Higher Education Act were adopted. The Act provides for a three-level study structure.

The first level relates to the undergraduate studies and the second and third levels to postgraduate studies. The duration of study programmes is limited in years (three to four years) and credit points (180 to 240 credit points). Study programmes must be in line with the guidelines on EU study programmes.

The second level maintains the master's studies. It encompasses from 60 to 120 credit points and takes one or two years to complete.

The third level is the doctoral studies and lasts three years. Higher education is the responsibility of the Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology

==== 2008 ====

In the first half of 2008, Slovenia took over the European Presidency for six months. A meeting of the Board of the Bologna Follow-Up Group was held in Ljubljana in January 2008, the first event in the Presidency calendar involving the [[Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology]] to take place in Slovenia.

Slovenia will organised and chaired a meeting of the Bologna Follow-Up Group (13 and 14 March 2008 in Brdo), as well as two meetings of its Board (16 January in Ljubljana, 9 June in Bled). In addition, Slovenia organised, in collaboration with Bosnia-Herzegovina, a special meeting of the Follow-Up Group, in Sarejevo in June. This meeting was devoted entirely to discussions on the European higher education area after 2010.

== Administration and finance ==

== Quality assurance ==

Quality assurance of universities in Slovenia appears to be handled by the ''Quality Assessment Commission of Higher Education'' in Slovenia. However, there is no Slovenian member (either full or candidate) of [[ENQA]]. This suggests that quality assurance is still in the early stages of development.

== Slovenia HEIs in the information society ==

=== Towards the information society ===

''We need some OECD stats here.''

=== Information society strategy ===

The strategy for the development of the Information Society in Slovenia is described in the report [http://www.mvzt.gov.si/fileadmin/mvzt.gov.si/pageuploads/pdf/informacijska_druzba/61405-EN_Strategija_razvoja_informacijske_druzbe_v_RS_si2010.pdf si2010], written in 2007. Section 7.3 is on E-Education (with 7.2 on E-Content). We paraphrase it here.

'''Vision'''

ESTABLISH AN EFFICIENT AND FULLY COMPUTERIZED NATIONAL EDUCATION
SYSTEM WHICH WILL ENABLE MODERN WAYS OF PASSING ON AND ACQUIRING
KNOWLEDGE SUPPORTED BY MODERN INFORMATION & COMMUNICATIONS
TECHNOLOGY.

'''Strategic goals'''

* provide the entire population of the Republic of Slovenia with fast, easy-to-use, friendly and user-tailored access to knowledge;
* establish a central Internet portal where content is made available to all interested participants willing to partake of e-education technology;
* establish an (organizational) education system supported by information & communications technology for all interested participants;
* adapt the regulations and perfect the initiatives for provision and use of e-education services and products between natural persons and legal entities;
* perfect the public-private partnership initiatives for R&D activities in the fields of eeducation and mutual exchange of knowledge between these entities.

'''Scope of activity'''

* supporting the political and professional community in introducing information & communications technology into existing learning and teaching processes;
* reorganizing existing institutions in charge of coordinating the operation and computerization of higher education institutions on the national level and of the development/supply of information & communications technology intended for preparation/supply of e-content;
* constant spreading of the use of information & communications technology and ready-made solutions in professional environments;
* increasing the accessibility, efficiency and success of learning and teaching on all levels of the Slovenian society;
* raising awareness about knowledge as an essential virtue for the growth, development and success of individuals and Slovenian society as a whole, with the aim of active participation in lifelong learning;
* increasing the educational structure and improving the skills of the entire Slovenian population, increasing employability, improving the quality and number of jobs, and accelerating development of quality products and services created through the application of local knowledge;
* enabling educational institutions and companies to provide the highest quality eeducation services while taking into consideration their status as a public/private institution;
* encouraging all (key) participants for a wide application of information & communications technology in teaching and learning;
* establishing a central Internet portal where content is made available to all interested participants willing to partake of e-education technology.

== Virtual initiatives in HE in Slovenia ==

It is not expected that any are yet even in [[NELI]] status.

There is a fascinating document [http://www.svr.gov.si/fileadmin/srs.gov.si/pageuploads/Trajnostni_razvoj/Scenariji_razvoja_Slovenije_do_leta_2035_koncno_01.pdf Development Scenarios for Slovenia to 2035] looking at "Trends and opportunities in the times of climate change" which has a cryptic reference to e-learning.

=== Specific projects ===

==== University of Maribor ====

This has a Center for E-Education and Lifelong Learning.

==== Euro-Mediterranean University ====

The preparatory meeting of the International Academic Council of Center EMUNI was held in Ljubljana on March 10, 2008. Participants were the representatives of partner higher education and research institutions from [[Egypt]], [[Greece]], [[Hungary]], [[Malta]], [[Morocco]], '''Slovenia''', [[Spain]], and [[Turkey]]. Furthermore, the project is supported also by the Slovenian Government.

The participants supported the idea of establishing the [[Euro-Mediterranean University]] and emphasized that the University should perform programs that are important for Euro-Mediterranean region and should bring together the best professors, experts and students from the region. The participants agreed that such an institution can provide a significant contribution to the cooperation among higher education institutions in order to create a centre of excellence in the fields such as internal relations, environment, economy, security, humanities and culture, as well as to the achievement of mutual understanding between the countries in the Euro Mediterranean region.

== References ==

----
> [[Countries]]

[[Category:Slovenia| ]]
[[Category:Europe]]
[[Category:European Union]]

Slovenia

2009-09-16T13:02:09Z

Gertjan: /* Slovenia education system */ internal link

== Partners situated in Slovenia ==

None.

== Slovenia in a nutshell ==

''Slovenia'', officially the '''Republic of Slovenia''' (Slovene: '''Republika Slovenija'''), is a country in southern Central Europe bordering [[Italy]] to the west, the Adriatic Sea to the southwest, [[Croatia]] to the south and east, [[Hungary]] to the northeast, and [[Austria]] to the north. The capital of Slovenia is Ljubljana.

[[Image:Slovenia.gif|right|thumb|250px|Source : http://www.cia.gov]]
At various points in Slovenia's history, the country has been part of many other countries and empires.

The Slovenian head of state is the president, who is elected by popular vote every five years. The executive branch is headed by the prime minister and the council of ministers or cabinet, who are elected by the National Assembly.

The bicameral Parliament of Slovenia consists of the National Assembly (Državni zbor), and the National Council (Državni svet). The National Assembly has 90 members, 88 of which are elected by all the citizens in a system of proportional representation, while two are elected by the indigenous Hungarian and Italian minorities. Elections take place every four years. The National Assembly is the supreme representative and legislative institution, exercising legislative and electoral powers as well as control over the Executive and the Judiciary. The National Council has 40 members, appointed to represent social, economic, professional and local interest groups. Among its best-known powers is the authority of the "postponing veto" - it can demand that the Parliament re-discusses a certain piece of legislation (a mechanism similar to that in the [[UK]]).

For further details of government see the English web site at http://www.gov.si/

The traditional regions of Slovenia are based on the former four Habsburg crown lands (Carniola, Carinthia, Styria, and the Littoral) and are as follows:

* Upper Carniola (Gorenjska)
* Lower Styria (Štajerska)
* Prekmurje (Prekmurje)
* Carinthia (Koroška)
* Inner Carniola (Notranjska)
* Lower Carniola (Dolenjska)
* Goriška (Goriška)
* Slovenian Istria (Slovenska Istra)

Goriška and Slovenian Istria together are known as the Littoral region (Slovene: Primorska).

White Carniola (Slovene: Bela krajina), otherwise part of Lower Carniola, is considered a separate region of Slovenia, as are Zasavje and Posavje, the former being a part of Upper Carniola, Lower Carniola and Styria; and the latter part of Lower Carniola and Styria.

Confusingly, there are also statistical regions which are different. Finally, the government is preparing a plan for ''new'' administrative regions, between 12 and 14 in number.

Slovenia is divided into 210 local municipalities, eleven of which have urban status.

Slovenia is the economic front-runner of the countries that joined the European Union in 2004 and was the first new member which adopted the euro on 1 January 2007. It has a high-income developed economy which enjoys the second highest (after Cyprus) GDP per capita ($28,010 = estimate for 2008) of the new EU countries which is 93% of the EU average.

Despite economic success, Slovenia faces some challenges. Big portions of the economy remains in state hands and foreign direct investment (FDI) in Slovenia is one of the lowest in the EU per capita. Taxes are relatively high, the labour market is seen as inflexible, and industries are losing sales to China, India, and elsewhere. During the 2000s, privatizations were seen in the banking, telecommunications, and public utility sectors. Restrictions on foreign investment are being dismantled, and foreign direct investment (FDI) is expected to increase.

The population of Slovenia is just over 2 million (estimated 2,009,245 as of July 2007). Slovenia's main ethnic group is Slovene (83%). Nationalities from the former Yugoslavia (Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Macedonian, Montenegrin) form 5.3%, and the Hungarian, Albanian, Roma, Italian and other minorities form 2.8% of the population. Ethnic affiliation of 8.9% was either undeclared or unknown.

The official language is Slovene, which is a member of the South Slavic language group. Hungarian and Italian enjoy the status of official languages in the ethnically mixed regions along the Hungarian and Italian borders.

By religion, Slovenes are traditionally largely Roman Catholic (57.8% according to the 2002 Census).

== Slovenia education policy ==

Slovenia has two ministries dealing with education:

* [[Ministry of Education and Sport]]
* [[Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology]]

There is a rather old (1999) OECD review of education policy for Slovenia at http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/60/57/2664577.pdf

== Slovenia education system ==

The Slovenian education system consists of:

# pre-school education
# basic education (single structure of primary and lower secondary education)
# upper) secondary education: vocational and technical education, secondary general education
# higher vocational education
# higher education

Thee are also some specific parts of the system such as adult education, music and dance education, special needs education and programmes in ethnically and linguistically mixed areas.

In numbers terms there are:

* 301 kindergarten
* 454 primary schools
* 162 secondary schools of which 37 have dormitories (boarding facilities)
* 58 music schools

Currently there are three public universities in Slovenia:

* [[University of Ljubljana]]
* University of Maribor
* University of Primorska

In addition, there is the private University of Nova Gorica.

The Programme for International Student Assessment, coordinated by the OECD, currently ranks Slovenia's education as the 12th best in the world, being significantly higher than the OECD average.

=== Schools ===
(sourced from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Slovenia)

==== Pre-school education ====

Pre-school education, offered by pre-school institutions, is not compulsory. It includes children between the ages of 1 and 6. The curriculum is divided in two cycles (from 1 to 3 and from 3 to 6). The new curriculum promotes different types of programme such as: day, half-day and short programmes. There is also the possibility of childminders, pre-school education at home or occasional care of children in their homes.

The Curriculum for Pre-school Institutions defines six areas of activities: movement, language, art, nature, society and mathematics. The goals set in individual fields of activities provide the framework for the selection of contents and activities by teachers.

==== Primary school ====

Children first enter primary schooling at about age 6 and finish at about age 14. Each group of children born in the same year forms one grade or class in primary school which takes nine years or grades. Each year is divided in three semesters and each of them is around three months long. Once or twice per term, children have holidays: Autumn, Christmas, winter and May first holidays; each holiday is approximately one week long. In summer, school ends on 24 June (except in the last ninth grade, where it ends one week earlier), followed by a holiday of more than two months. The next school year starts on 1 September.

'''1st period'''

1st Period is a beginning of schooling for every child. From first to forth grade children stay in one classroom and have one class or form teacher who teaches them all subjects except PE, music, and art. In the beginning of first year there is always one special pedagogue in classroom and he or she helps the master teacher to lead little ones in the new system. They start with reading, writing and counting. In second grade they begin to learn more and more stuffs. They have native language (Slovenian, Hungarian or Italian language), mathematics, natural and sociology science, music, physical education and art. In forth grade they begin to learn their first foreign language, which is usually English. They have only descriptive marks and the real marks come in around second grade (this is school dependent: in some places real marks come in not earlier than in fourth grade).

'''2nd period'''

The 2nd Period of primary schooling starts in fifth grade when children begin switching classrooms. They still have a master teacher, which is never the same as in past four years. He or she usually teaches them one or two subjects and all others are taught by different specialized teachers. Main subjects which they need to attend are maths, native language, first foreign language, PE, music and art. Later they start physics, chemistry, geography, history, biology, technics and housekeeping. In seventh grade they must choose three new subjects from around 40 subjects which are offered (usually different foreign languages, astronomy, fine art, computer science etc.).

'''State tests'''

On the end of the third, sixth and ninth grade pupil must write special state tests in maths, native language and first foreign language (except in last year the school minister defines the last one) . Those exams are then checked and first two do not mean anything (they only measure the average or how smart children really are). But exam in ninth grade must be written at the best because they count your end points and add up them with points that you reached in the end of last year in all subjects that you attended to. That is very important for pupils because then they continue with higher school. And if they have not achieved so much points as their wanted school has define they will not be accept.

'''Marks and grades'''

In primary school marks start with 1 (insufficient) and is the only not failure mark. The second one is 2 (sufficient), next is 3 (good), then 4 (very good) and the best is 5 (excellent). For first positive mark you need to achieve little more than 50 percent, next range is around 65 percent, then 75 and for the best mark you need to know 90 percent of everything.

'''The National Education Institute of the Republic of Slovenia (ZRSŠ)'''

The National Education Institute of the Republic of Slovenia (Zavod Republike Slovenije za Šolstvo - ZRSŠ) is the main public organisation in Slovenia which encourages development in the field of education in Slovenia up to pre-university - covering all kindergartens, elementary schools, secondary schools, music schools, and student boarding schools. It appears to have some similarity with [[Becta]] in the [[UK]].

=== Secondary school ===

''No information on the relevant Wikipedia page.'' The following is sourced from the Slovenian government report [http://www.mss.gov.si/index.php?id=83&L=1 Education in Slovenia]

Secondary education follows the compulsory general basic education. Secondary schools include vocational and technical schools preparing students predominantly for labour and general secondary schools (gimnazije) preparing students predominantly for further studies. Programmes in secondary education vary in content, duration and goals.

'''General secondary education'''

General secondary school preparing students for further studies is called gimnazija. Gimnazija programmes are divided into two groups: general and professionally oriented (technical gimnazija). It lasts four years. It ends with an external examination called the matura examination. Those gimnazija students who for various reasons do not wish to continue their education have a possibility to enter the labour market by attending a vocational course and gaining a qualification in the selected occupation.

The aim of vocational courses is to provide a bridge between general and vocational education and to make it possible for graduates from general, classical, and technical gimnazije to obtain initial vocational qualifications at the level of corresponding secondary vocational and technical schools. Educational aims are the same as for vocational and technical education. The course leads to a vocational qualification needed on the labour market or for further studies at higher vocational and professional colleges.

'''Secondary vocational and technical education'''

The planning, programming and provision of vocational education are a joint responsibility of social partners (employers and trade unions) and the state. Common aims and goals of secondary vocational and technical education were defined in a common curricular document. This document stresses attainment targets in interdisciplinary fields and interest activities.

Short-term vocational programmes should last a year and a half for students and apprentices that have completed their basic education, and two and a half years for those without completed basic education. They finish with a final examination. The certificate of the final examination enables students to enter the labour market or to enter the first year at any other (upper) secondary vocational school.

Pupils who have successfully completed elementary school can enrol in 3-year secondary vocational programmes. Vocational education programmes are offered in the dual, that is the apprenticeship, system and/or in the school-based system.

The core curriculum is common to all programmes and includes a minimal scope of theoretical and practical knowledge and skills specified by occupational standards and required for a certain vocational qualification, regardless of the type of educational provision.

Practical training in the framework of the dual system is offered by employers. Programmes also specify the part of practical training that can be provided by schools and/or inter-company centres as practical instruction.

The certificate of the final examination enables students to enter the labour market or to continue education in two-year vocational-technical programmes, leading to a qualification at the level of a secondary technical school. Vocational-technical programmes are developed as upgrade of vocational education. The aims of vocational-technical programmes are the same as those of technical education programmes and lead to educational qualifications at the level of secondary technical school, also called a technical qualification, in a specific field.

On the other hand, graduates who find a job immediately after completing a three-year vocational programme can re-enter education after at least three years of employment to obtain a qualification at the level of a secondary technical school by passing examinations. By passing an examination for master craftsman, foreman or shop manager, they demonstrate a higher level of competence in their occupation. If they additionally pass examinations in the general subjects of the poklicna matura examination, they can continue their studies in higher vocational education.

Technical education is designed primarily as preparation for vocational and professional colleges, although it also leads to jobs with a broad profile. Secondary technical programmes last four years, which end with the poklicna matura examination.

== Higher education ==
(sourced from the Slovenian government report [http://www.mss.gov.si/index.php?id=83&L=1 Education in Slovenia]

Higher education includes academic university studies and professionally oriented studies.

In 2004, amendments to the Higher Education Act were adopted. The Act provides for a three-level study structure. The first level relates to the undergraduate studies and the second and third levels to postgraduate studies. The duration of study programmes is limited in years (three to four years) and credit points (180 to 240 credit points). Study programmes must be in line with the EU study programmes. The second level maintains the master's studies. It encompasses from 60 to 120 credit points and takes one or two years to complete. The third level is the doctoral studies and lasts three years. Higher education is the responsibility of the Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology

=== Universities in Slovenia ===
(sourced, with care and cross-checks, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Slovenia)

The universities are as follows:

* University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana - the first and the largest university in Slovenia; with 64,000 enrolled graduate and postgraduate students, it is among the largest universities in the world - see [http://www.uni-lj.si/en/ English web site]
* University of Maribor, Maribor - see [http://www.uni-mb.si/podrocje.aspx?id=0&langid=1033 minimal English web site]
* University of Primorska, Koper - see [http://www.upr.si/en/ minimal English web site]
* University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica - the one private university - see [http://www.ung.si/en/ English web site]

Note that none except the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Ljubljana University of Ljubljana] have satisfactory Wikipedia entries (at present).

The University of Nova Gorica is listed by Wikipedia both as a public and a private university. The dilemma appears to that it is a private but non-profit university, supported by the [http://www.p-ng.si/fer/en/ Edvard Rusjan Foundation].

=== Polytechnics in Slovenia ===

The wikipedia page [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Slovenia List of universities in Slovenia] gives a long list of 25 non-university but apparently post-secondary private institutions of which the last four are "approved" - but by whom is not clear.

# European Faculty of Law, Nova Gorica
# GEA College of Entrepreneurship, Ljubljana
# Faculty of Postgraduate National and European studies, Kranj
# # Faculty of Information Studies, Novo mesto
# Faculty of Applied Social Studies, Nova Gorica
# Ljubljana Graduate School of the Humanities, Ljubljana
# Bled Higher School of Management, Bled
# International School for Business and Social Studies, Celje
# Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana
# College of Visual Arts, Ljubljana
# Celje Higher School of Commerce, Celje
# Doba Higher School of Business, Maribor
# Ljubljana School of Design, Ljubljana
# Ljubljana School of Accounting, Ljubljana
# Higher School of Applied Sciences, Ljubljana
# Higher School of Technology and Systems, Novo mesto
# Polymer Technology College, Slovenj Gradec
# Business and Management College Novo mesto, Novo mesto
# Environmental Protection College, Velenje
# College of Nursing Jesenice, Jesenice
# Higher School of Health Care, Novo mesto
# Academy of Dance, Ljubljana
# European Study Center Maribor, Maribor
# Faculty of Media, Ljubljana
# Higher School of Economy, Celje

There is an even longer list (in Slovenian) at http://www.mvzt.gov.si/si/delovna_podrocja/znanost_in_visoko_solstvo/visoko_solstvo/dejavnost_visokega_solstva/seznam_visokosolskih_zavodov/#c379

==== Higher vocational education ====

The first vocational colleges were established in 1996/97. Programmes are markedly practice-oriented and tightly connected with the world of work. Post-secondary vocational education lasts for two years ending with a diploma examination. A post-secondary vocational diploma enables students to start work in specific occupations. Since the 1998/99 academic year, vocational college graduates have been able to enrol in the second year of professionally oriented higher education programmes if the higher education institution providing this type of study allows such arrangements.

==== Adult Education ====

Adult education is characterised by impressive programme diversity. Schools and higher education institutions, basically providing youth education, also offer formal education courses for adults, adapting the organisation and programmes to their needs.

Non-formal education programmes are designed for various target groups, for example, employed people seeking to improve their employment opportunities or gain promotion, individuals wishing to enhance the quality of their life, individuals pursuing a hobby, the unemployed, marginal groups, ethnic groups, and foreigners. Access to most non-formal education courses is unrestricted.

A new act introducing a certification system was passed in 2000. It enables the assessment and verification of vocation-related knowledge, skills and experience acquired out of school. It thus makes it possible for individuals to obtain a vocational qualification in ways other than through formal schooling. Candidates undergo a knowledge assessment procedure by a special commission to obtain a state-approved certificate attesting their competence in performing certain vocational tasks. Vocational qualifications obtained in this way can be used by their holders to find a job or, in further training, demonstrating that part of an education programme has already been mastered.

== Higher education reform ==

=== The Bologna Process ===

In 2004, amendments to the Higher Education Act were adopted. The Act provides for a three-level study structure.

The first level relates to the undergraduate studies and the second and third levels to postgraduate studies. The duration of study programmes is limited in years (three to four years) and credit points (180 to 240 credit points). Study programmes must be in line with the guidelines on EU study programmes.

The second level maintains the master's studies. It encompasses from 60 to 120 credit points and takes one or two years to complete.

The third level is the doctoral studies and lasts three years. Higher education is the responsibility of the Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology

==== 2008 ====

In the first half of 2008, Slovenia took over the European Presidency for six months. A meeting of the Board of the Bologna Follow-Up Group was held in Ljubljana in January 2008, the first event in the Presidency calendar involving the [[Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology]] to take place in Slovenia.

Slovenia will organised and chaired a meeting of the Bologna Follow-Up Group (13 and 14 March 2008 in Brdo), as well as two meetings of its Board (16 January in Ljubljana, 9 June in Bled). In addition, Slovenia organised, in collaboration with Bosnia-Herzegovina, a special meeting of the Follow-Up Group, in Sarejevo in June. This meeting was devoted entirely to discussions on the European higher education area after 2010.

== Administration and finance ==

== Quality assurance ==

Quality assurance of universities in Slovenia appears to be handled by the ''Quality Assessment Commission of Higher Education'' in Slovenia. However, there is no Slovenian member (either full or candidate) of [[ENQA]]. This suggests that quality assurance is still in the early stages of development.

== Slovenia HEIs in the information society ==

=== Towards the information society ===

''We need some OECD stats here.''

=== Information society strategy ===

The strategy for the development of the Information Society in Slovenia is described in the report [http://www.mvzt.gov.si/fileadmin/mvzt.gov.si/pageuploads/pdf/informacijska_druzba/61405-EN_Strategija_razvoja_informacijske_druzbe_v_RS_si2010.pdf si2010], written in 2007. Section 7.3 is on E-Education (with 7.2 on E-Content). We paraphrase it here.

'''Vision'''

ESTABLISH AN EFFICIENT AND FULLY COMPUTERIZED NATIONAL EDUCATION
SYSTEM WHICH WILL ENABLE MODERN WAYS OF PASSING ON AND ACQUIRING
KNOWLEDGE SUPPORTED BY MODERN INFORMATION & COMMUNICATIONS
TECHNOLOGY.

'''Strategic goals'''

* provide the entire population of the Republic of Slovenia with fast, easy-to-use, friendly and user-tailored access to knowledge;
* establish a central Internet portal where content is made available to all interested participants willing to partake of e-education technology;
* establish an (organizational) education system supported by information & communications technology for all interested participants;
* adapt the regulations and perfect the initiatives for provision and use of e-education services and products between natural persons and legal entities;
* perfect the public-private partnership initiatives for R&D activities in the fields of eeducation and mutual exchange of knowledge between these entities.

'''Scope of activity'''

* supporting the political and professional community in introducing information & communications technology into existing learning and teaching processes;
* reorganizing existing institutions in charge of coordinating the operation and computerization of higher education institutions on the national level and of the development/supply of information & communications technology intended for preparation/supply of e-content;
* constant spreading of the use of information & communications technology and ready-made solutions in professional environments;
* increasing the accessibility, efficiency and success of learning and teaching on all levels of the Slovenian society;
* raising awareness about knowledge as an essential virtue for the growth, development and success of individuals and Slovenian society as a whole, with the aim of active participation in lifelong learning;
* increasing the educational structure and improving the skills of the entire Slovenian population, increasing employability, improving the quality and number of jobs, and accelerating development of quality products and services created through the application of local knowledge;
* enabling educational institutions and companies to provide the highest quality eeducation services while taking into consideration their status as a public/private institution;
* encouraging all (key) participants for a wide application of information & communications technology in teaching and learning;
* establishing a central Internet portal where content is made available to all interested participants willing to partake of e-education technology.

== Virtual initiatives in HE in Slovenia ==

It is not expected that any are yet even in [[NELI]] status.

There is a fascinating document [http://www.svr.gov.si/fileadmin/srs.gov.si/pageuploads/Trajnostni_razvoj/Scenariji_razvoja_Slovenije_do_leta_2035_koncno_01.pdf Development Scenarios for Slovenia to 2035] looking at "Trends and opportunities in the times of climate change" which has a cryptic reference to e-learning.

=== Specific projects ===

==== University of Maribor ====

This has a Center for E-Education and Lifelong Learning.

==== Euro-Mediterranean University ====

The preparatory meeting of the International Academic Council of Center EMUNI was held in Ljubljana on March 10, 2008. Participants were the representatives of partner higher education and research institutions from [[Egypt]], [[Greece]], [[Hungary]], [[Malta]], [[Morocco]], '''Slovenia''', [[Spain]], and [[Turkey]]. Furthermore, the project is supported also by the Slovenian Government.

The participants supported the idea of establishing the [[Euro-Mediterranean University]] and emphasized that the University should perform programs that are important for Euro-Mediterranean region and should bring together the best professors, experts and students from the region. The participants agreed that such an institution can provide a significant contribution to the cooperation among higher education institutions in order to create a centre of excellence in the fields such as internal relations, environment, economy, security, humanities and culture, as well as to the achievement of mutual understanding between the countries in the Euro Mediterranean region.

== References ==

----
> [[Countries]]

[[Category:Slovenia| ]]
[[Category:Europe]]
[[Category:European Union]]

University of Ljubljana

2009-09-16T13:01:02Z

Gertjan: template added

{{stub}}
The ''University of Ljubljana'' ('''Univerza v Ljubljani''', Uni-LJ) supports...


The institution’s main office is in Ljubljana, [[Slovenia]]. Other campuses...



The Academy of Humanities and Economics web site is at http://www.uni-lj.si/







----
> [[Slovenia]]

> [[Programmes]]

[[Category: Slovenia]]
[[Category:Universities]]
[[Category:Colleges]]
[[Category: University colleges]]

Czech Republic/Re.ViCa

2009-09-16T12:55:56Z

Gertjan: /* Public Universities / Colleges in Czech Republic */ internal link

== Partners situated in Czech Republic ==
None.

You can go directly to the [[Virtual Initiatives in Czech Republic]].

== Czech Republic in a nutshell ==
[[Image:Czech Republic map.gif|frame|right|Source: Original gif on: [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ez.html the CIA's "The World Factbook" / The Czech Republic]]]

The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in '''Central Europe''' with neighbouring countries [[Poland]] to the north-east, [[Germany]] to the west, [[Austria]] to the south, and [[Slovakia]] to the east. The capital and largest city is '''Prague''' (Czech: Praha), the official language is Czech and the citizens of this country are called the Czechs. The Czech Republic is composed of the historic regions of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohemia Bohemia] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravia Moravia], as well as parts of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Silesia Silesia]. The Czech Republic is a member of [http://www.nato.int/ NATO] since 1999 and the [[European Union]] since 2004. As of January 1, 2009, the Czech Republic holds the '''[http://www.eu2009.cz/ EU Presidency] (2009)'''.

The Czech Republic is a pluralist multi-party parliamentary representative '''democracy'''. President [http://www.klaus.cz Václav Klaus] is the current head of state (for the 2008-2013 term). The Prime Minister for 2008-2013 is the head of government (currently [http://www.topolanek.cz/ Mirek Topolánek]). The Parliament has two chambers — the [http://www.psp.cz Chamber of Deputies]] and the [http://www.senat.cz Senate]. It is also a member of the [[OECD|Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)]], the [http://www.coe.int/ Council of Europe (on European integration and Human Rights)] and the [http://www.visegradgroup.eu/ Visegrád Group], which is a regional alliance between the Czech Republic, [[Hungary]], [[Poland]] and [[Slovakia]].

Since 2000, the country is divided into '''thirteen regions''' (Czech: ''kraje'', singular ''kraj'') and the capital city of Prague. Each region has its own elected Regional Assembly and ''hejtman'' (usually translated as hetman or president). In Prague, their powers are executed by the city council and the mayor.

:'''Adapted from:''' http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic

'''Communism history'''

The Czech Republic is a relatively small country (an area of 78,886 km2) in Central Europe with 10.3 million inhabitants, with a population density of 131 per square km. It was formerly part of Czechoslovakia, where '''communists seized power''' in 1948 and retained almost complete control over all areas of life. In 1989 this communist regime fell and Czechoslovakia transformed from a centrally controlled country to a parliamentary democracy with the President as the head of state. This change had an impact on economy, health, life expectancy and of course also education; more information on that aspect is [[#Country education policy| below]].

In 1993 the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic (formerly Czechoslovakia) peacefully split into two states (one of which is now still the Czech Republic). Territorially, it is divided into 13 regions and the capital city, Prague (population over 1.3 million). The official language is Czech and the unit of currency is the Czech koruna (CZK); 1 euro is about 30 CZK.

:'''Adapted from:''' “[http://www.oecd.org/LongAbstract/0,3425,en_2649_39263238_36443832_70363_119663_1_1,00.html Thematic Review of Tertiary Education - Country Background Report - Czech Republic]” by Centre for Higher Education Studies, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, Czech Republic, 2006, [http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/19/18/36443831.pdf PDF – 144 pages]
: '''Documents of relevance''': [http://www.svses.cz/lang/angl/cr.php Czech Republic - useful information], by the Private College of Economic Studies, Ltd.

== Czech Republic education policy ==
We can summarize the key values in Czech Higher Education as equity, lifelong learning and research & development.

''"The Czech tertiary education system has experienced a number of deep, dynamic changes and extensive development in the last fifteen years. From a strictly uniform highly centralised and ideologically-bound system under the communist regime, it has been changed into a much more diversified and decentralised system with full academic freedom and self-governing bodies, open to Europe and the world."''

:'''Source:''' [http://www.oecd.org/LongAbstract/0,3425,en_2649_39263238_36443832_70363_119663_1_1,00.html OECD Thematic Review of Tertiary Education - Country Background Report - Czech Republic (EN)] by Centre for Higher Education Studies, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, Czech Republic, 2006, ([http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/19/18/36443831.pdf PDF] – 144 pages), p. 87.

The '''Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms''' (a separate document from the '''Czech constitution''' but imbued with the same legal standing) upholds the general right to education, the right to free education at primary, secondary and (depending on ability and capacity) university level:

'''1. Right on education, obligatory education, right on training '''

# Everyone has the '''right to education'''. School attendance shall be '''obligatory''' for the period specified by law.
# Citizens have the right to '''free elementary and secondary school education''', and, depending on particular citizens’ ability and the capability of society, also to university-level education.
# '''Private schools''' may be established and instruction provided there only under conditions set by law; education may be provided at such schools in exchange for '''tuition'''.
# The conditions under which citizens have the right to assistance from the state during their studies shall be set by law.
:'''Source:''' Chapter Four: Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, Article 33

:'''Note''': ''Compulsory school attendance takes nine years, usually from the age of 6 till the age of 15'' ('''Source:''' [http://www.czech.cz/en/work-study/education-and-studying/educational-system/the-czech-education-system?i=1 Ministry of Foreign Affairs / The Czech education system (EN)]).

"''Everybody has the right to the free choice of his profession and to the training for that profession, as well as to engage in commercial and economic activity.''"
:'''Source''': [http://angl.concourt.cz/angl_verze/rights.php the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms (EN], Chapter Four: Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, Article 26, paragraph 1

'''2. Use of languages in education'''

:1. Citizens belonging to national and ethnic minority groups are also guaranteed,under the conditions set down by law:
::a)''' the right to education in their own language,'''
::b) the right to use their own language when dealing with officials,
::c) the right to participate in the resolution of affairs that concern national and ethnic minorities.
:'''Source:''' Chapter Three: The Rights of National and Ethnic Minorities, Article 25, paragraph 2 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms

:''"The official language of instruction is Czech. Only the Polish minority is so populous and concentrated to have its own schools. In 2007/08 there were 24 nursery schools, 22 basic schools (providing comprehensive compulsory schooling) and 3 upper secondary schools (1 general and 2 technical) teaching in Polish."''
:'''Source''': [http://www.msmt.cz/areas-of-work/educational-system Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports / Educational System / Education population and language of instruction]

'''Sources:'''
* [http://angl.concourt.cz/angl_verze/rights.php the '''Charter''' of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms (EN)]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charter_of_Fundamental_Rights_and_Basic_Freedoms Wikipedia's page on the Czech Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms (EN)]
* The [http://www.hrad.cz/en/ustava_cr/index.shtml '''Constitution''' of the Czech Republic (EN)], passed by the Czech National Council on 16 December 1992
* [http://www.mzv.cz/dublin/en/about_the_czech_republic/education_in_the_czech_republic/index.html Embassy of the Czech Republic in Dublin - The Czech Education System]

'''3. the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports'''

The Ministry responsible for education is "the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS, MŠMT in Czech)" with [http://www.ondrejliska.cz/ Ondrej Liska (CZ)] as its Minister since 2006. MEYS is responsible for "''public administration in education, for developing educational, youth and sport policies and international cooperation in these fields''".
:'''Relevant Source''': [http://www.msmt.cz/index.php?lchan=1&lred=1 the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports web site (EN)]

The objective of the Ministry is to create a competitive, highly diversified system fulfilling all three principal functions of higher education institutions.
* In the area of education, the system should ''develop and make full use of the potential of individuals'', prepare young people for entering the labour market and provide for their employability over the long term, educate active citizens who strive to build democratic society, encourage graduates to pursue continuing education and learn throughout their lives, and further develop knowledge in a wide variety of disciplines.
* In the area of ''research and development'' the role of higher education institutions is gaining in importance. Higher education institutions are increasingly expected to establish appropriate conditions for the development of R&D of top standards, and to communicate the results of research and development or to apply them in practice as an important source of innovation.
* The third area of the operations of higher education institutions, in no way less important, is their co-operation with the business sector (enterprises, employers and other clients), and their contribution to the establishment of ''innovative and technological partnerships'' and involvement in the development of the region where the higher education institution operates.
::(Long-Term Plan 2006 – 2010, p. 2)

:'''Source:''' “[http://www.oecd.org/LongAbstract/0,3425,en_2649_39263238_37730232_70363_119663_1_1,00.html Thematic Review of Tertiary Education - Country Note for the Czech Republic (EN)]” by Jon File, Thomas Weko, Arthur Hauptman, Bente Kristensen, Sabine Herlitschka, 2006, PDF – p.2/89

Since 1st January 2005, the Czech education system has been operating on the base of new acts: the '''Education Act''' that regulates education from pre-primary to upper secondary and tertiary professional schools and its public administration, and '''Act on Educational Staff''' that regulates teacher profession on the same levels. Individual measures of the Education Act come in force subsequently. The '''Higher Education Act''' with 16 amendments regulates higher education from 1999.
:'''Source:'''
:* [http://www.msmt.cz/areas-of-work/act-no-561-the-education-act Education Act (EN PDF/DOC- 140p.)]
:* [http://www.msmt.cz/areas-of-work/act-no-563-the-act-on-pedagogical-staff Act on Educational Staff (EN - DOC- 23p.)]
:* [http://www.muni.cz/general/legal_standards/higher_education_act Czech Higher Education Act] or [http://www.msmt.cz/uploads/soubory/vysoke_skoly/07.09.10._FINAL_FINAL_HEA_MSMT_English_WEB.doc DOC]

Schools are administered in the frame of general administration. The responsibility is distributed between the '''central government, regions (which are 14) and communities'''. Regions are given a high degree of autonomy. Regions are responsible for education on their territory. Regional authorities formulate long-term policy objectives for their territory every pair year, in compliance with national objectives. Regions are organizing bodies for upper secondary and tertiary professional schools. The communities are responsible for compulsory schooling. They establish and administer basic schools and nursery schools which are not compulsory.

The Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports preserves the integrated state educational policy by formulating long-term policy objectives of education and development of the education system, which it submits to the government every impair year. For higher education, long-term plans are formulated now for 2006-2010, and updated annually.

The Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) above all:
* is responsible for the conception, state and development of the education system;
* determines the content of education: approves framework educational programmes (developed till the ISCED level 3) which are the base for the development of school educational programmes; accredits educational programmes for tertiary professional schools and for higher education institutions;
* is responsible for the state financing policy in education – for drawing up of the education budget and for determining of principles of its allocation;
* is in charge of the school register which has a constitutional meaning: only a registered institution has a right to provide recognized education and receives public resources;
* is an organizing body of institutions for in-service training of teachers and facilities for institutional care.

'''Source''': [http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/ressources/eurydice/pdf/047DN/047_CZ_EN.pdf Eurydice - National summary sheets on education systems in Europe and ongoing reforms - Czech Republic - Edition 2008 (PDF - EN - 9 pages)]

== Czech Republic education system ==

{|
|-
|[[Image:Czech-Republic Educational-System.gif]]
|-
|
:Original .gif at: [http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/ressources/eurydice/pdf/041DN/041_CZ_EN.pdf Eurydice report "Structures of education, vocational training and adult education systems in Europe, 2008 Edition"]
:Additional changes by [[ATiT]] are marked in purple text or line]]
|-
|}

"''The official language of instruction is Czech. Only the Polish minority is so populous and concentrated to have its own schools. In 2007/08 there were 24 nursery schools, 22 basic schools (providing comprehensive compulsory schooling) and 3 upper secondary schools (1 general and 2 technical) teaching in Polish.''"
:'''Source''': [http://www.msmt.cz/areas-of-work/educational-system Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports / Educational System / Education population and language of instruction]

'''1. Pre-primary education'''

Nursery school/''Mateřská škola'' (for 3-6 years old) is based on the Framework Educational Programme (approved by the MEYS in 2004)
and is obligatory for schools from 2007/08. Although it is not obligatory for children, nearly 90 % of the total age group attend of which
95.8 % in the pre-primary school year. ISCED Level is 0.

'''2. Elementary education - compulsory'''

School attendance is compulsory for nine years and starts with the primary school / ''základní škola'' (for 3-15 years old) which is divided
into 2 stages:
* first stage: 6-10 years old (ISCED level 1+2)
* second stage: 11-15 years old (ISCED level 2)

During the second stage children have the '''possibility to proceed to gymnasium''', the secondary school providing general education. Pupils
can leave the ''základní škola'' at the end of the fifth year for the eight-year gymnázium or at the end of the seventh year for the six year
gymnázium after passing the entrance examination set by the school. There are 10.4 % pupils of the appropriate age group studying at
gymnázium (2007/08).

'''The types of schools''' that provide children with elementary education:
* Elementary school (state or private / general or national school): the entire nine-year compulsory school attendance, divided in two stages / cycles.
* Grammar school: within the eight-year or six-year grammar schools, pupils can complete elementary education and continue education at the midlevel.
* Conservatory: Eight-year dance conservatories allow students to complete elementary education and continue education at the midlevel.
* Special school: children with some disability may be integrated in special classes of elementary school, or they can attend a special school.
* Special and assisted schools are intended for children with mental disabilities.

Since the school year 2004/05, the following were established as '''alternative education programs''' for a period of testing:
*Waldorf schools
*Montessori nursery and elementary schools
*Montessori elementary schools level II
: These programs can be applied by schools only within three education programs.
In recent years, the system of '''home education''' has also been experimentally tested.

: ''' Source''' : [http://www.mzv.cz/dublin/en/about_the_czech_republic/education_in_the_czech_republic/index.html Embassy of the Czech Republic in Dublin - The Czech Education System]

The '''school year''' begins on 1 September and ends on 31 August of the next year. Lessons of 45 minutes are spread over five days a week. The '''number of pupils''' per class is between the minimum of 17 and maximum of 30 (the average class size in 2007/08 was 20.6). Assessment is done by a '''5 point scale''' and the results of continuing assessment are summarized in a report at the end of each semester. Since 2005/06 school issues a final evaluation to leavers of compulsory schooling. More than 96 % pupils complete successfully basic education and continue in education on higher level.

'''3. Secondary education '''

''Post-compulsory education/upper secondary and post-secondary level''
{| {| style="background:OldLace;"
| align="center" style="background:#CCCCCC;"|'''Institution'''
| align="center" style="background:#CCCCCC;"|'''Type of education'''
| align="center" style="background:#CCCCCC;"|'''Length'''
| align="center" style="background:#CCCCCC;"|'''ISCED level'''
| align="center" style="background:#CCCCCC;"|'''Typical age'''
|-
| ''Gymnázium'' ||Upper secondary general ||4||3A ||15-19
|-
| ''Střední odborná škola'' ||Upper secondary technical or vocational* ||4||3A ||15-19
|-
| || ||3||3C ||15-18
|-
| ''Střední odborné učiliště'' ||Upper secondary general ||2||3C ||15-17
|-
| ||||01-Feb||2C/3C ||15-16/17
|-
| All upper secondary schools ||Post secondary non-tertiary ||01-Feb||4A/4B ||18-21
|-
|
|}

'''Acceptance requirements''':

Prerequisites for acceptance in '''upper secondary education''' are completing a compulsory education and successfully meeting entrance requirements (the content of the entrance examination is determined by the school). Those who were not enrolled can participate in the second round of entrance examination at a school that has a free capacity. Prerequisites for acceptance in a '''post-secondary programme''' is completing a secondary programme depending on the education pathway and successfully meeting entrance requirements.

'''4. Tertiary education / Higher education'''
: '''Note''': The Higher Education is further explained in [[#Higher_Education| Higher Education section]] on this page.

{| style="background:OldLace;"
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Institution'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''ISCED Level'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Length'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Typical age'''
|-
| ''Vyšší odborná škola'' (tertiary professional school) ||5B ||3 (3.5) ||19-21/22
|-
| ''Vysoká škola'' (higher education institution, university and non-university type) ||5A ||3/4/5/6 ||19-22/26
|-
| ''Vysoká škola'' (university type) – Doctorale studies ||6 ||3-4 ||-
|-
|
|}

Higher education institutions are either of '''university type''' (in 2008, 28 institutions – 26 public, 2 state) or '''non-university types''' (in 2008, 46 private institutions). The academic year usually starts between September and early October.

'''Acceptance requirements and assessment''':

The '''''maturitní zkouška'' certificate''' (in general or technical four-year courses -ISCED level 3A) is the minimum entrance qualification for all tertiary education. Each institution determines its own admission criteria and the content of the entrance examination. The study programmes are prepared by individual institutions/faculties and approved by the MEYS on the affirmative standpoint of the Accreditation
Commission.

Final examination taken on completion of tertiary professional schools is the ''absolutorium''. The graduate is called the ''diplomovaný specialista'' – DiS. (specialist with a diploma). The Examination periods are fixed by institutions in internal regulations.

:'''Source''': [http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/Eurydice/showPresentation?pubid=093EN The organisation of the academic year in higher education - 2008/09] (EN - [http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/ressources/eurydice/pdf/093DN/093_CZ_EN.pdf PDF])

'''5. Further Education''':

''The need for further, ongoing education stems mainly from changes in the labor market and the introduction of new technologies. The sphere of ongoing education or, more precisely, the need to increase participation in further education, is also among the main five priorities of EU policy, defined in 2000 at the Lisbon Conference. ''

''Within the frame of ongoing education programs, universities implement a variety of courses intended e.g. for those who are interested in study, university graduates, seniors, and also students and other interested from practice. The courses focus either on learning a skill or trade, or on the study of areas of interest. ''

''In addition, some universities organize a so-called '''University for Seniors'''. This is intended for seniors who are interested in gaining new knowledge in select areas of study, and is usually free. Not only does it allows seniors to acquire up-to-date skills and knowledge in various areas, it also aspires to stimulate their concern in current events and encourage an active life attitude. ''

''Vocational training at the higher secondary level prevails the general education, which is completed only by one-quarter of students. ''
: ''' Source''': [http://www.mzv.cz/dublin/en/about_the_czech_republic/education_in_the_czech_republic/index.html Embassy of the Czech Republic in Dublin - The Czech Education System / Ongoing Education]

The [http://www.nidv.cz '''National Institute for Further Education'''] is directly controlled by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports and is responsible for creating the concept and strategy of further education.

'''Relevant Sources''':
* [http://angl.concourt.cz/angl_verze/rights.php the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms (EN], Chapter Four: Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, Article 26, paragraph 1]
* [http://www.msmt.cz/areas-of-work/further-education The Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports / Further Education] with [http://www.msmt.cz/areas-of-work/the-act-on-the-recognition-of-further-education-results the Act on the Recognition of Further Education Results (EN), 2006 ([http://www.msmt.cz/uploads/Law_No._179_2006_English_version.doc DOC])

'''6. Lifelong learning'''

The Higher Education Act references lifelong learning several times:
# Section 1: ''“'''Higher education institutions''' play a key role in the scholarly, scientific, cultural, social and economic development of society by carrying out the following […] c) '''offering other forms of education'''; facilitating the acquisition, expansion, deepening and refreshment of knowledge in various areas of learning and culture and thus contributing to lifelong learning; ” ''
# Section 2, paragraph 2: '' “Higher education institutions '''provide''' accredited degree programmes as well as '''lifelong learning programmes'''. The type of higher education activity is determined by the type of accredited degree programme provided. Degree programmes are of three types: Bachelor’s degree programmes, Master’s degree programmes and Doctoral degree programmes.” ''
#Section 60, Lifelong Learning
## ''“Higher education institutions may provide – either free of charge, or subject to payment – lifelong learning programmes within the framework of their educational activities. Lifelong learning may be either profession-oriented or interest-oriented. Detailed conditions pertaining to lifelong learning are stipulated in the institutions’ internal regulations. These must be provided in advance to all participants in lifelong learning programmes. ''
## ''Higher education institutions issue certificates to all graduates of lifelong learning programmes. If graduates of lifelong learning programmes become students within the framework of accredited degree programmes pursuant to the provisions of this Act (Sections 48 to 50), the higher education institution may recognise credits acquired in the lifelong learning programme for up to 60 per cent of the amount of credits required for the completion of studies. ''
## ''Participants in lifelong learning are not considered students under the provisions of this Act. (Section 60) ” ''

:'''Source:''' [http://www.muni.cz/general/legal_standards/higher_education_act Czech Higher Education Act]

“''The most serious issue concerning population development in the CR in the last fifteen years has been a major and rapid drop in the birth-rate, which corresponds closely to changing trends in the marriage rate and family stability (UNDP, 2003).” “Czech demographic forecasts show a sharply aging population—which implies a '''potential''' demand for much more extensive and varied lifelong learning that is presently being provided by Czech tertiary institutions.”''

:'''Adapted from:''' [http://www.oecd.org/LongAbstract/0,3425,en_2649_39263238_36443832_70363_119663_1_1,00.html “Thematic Review of Tertiary Education - Country Background Report - Czech Republic”] by Centre for Higher Education Studies, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, Czech Republic, 2006, PDF – 144 pages

'''7. Special needs'''

Special schools exist from pre-primary to upper secondary level. Their curriculum and qualifications are as close as possible to those of mainstream schools, the methods are appropriate to the specific educational problems (mainly mental, physical, visual or hearing disability). Attendance at a special school requires a recommendation from an appropriate authority and parental consent; 2.7 % of the population falls outside mainstream education. The new Education Act puts stress on integration.

'''Relevant Documents on the Educational System''':
* '''Mainly''': [http://www.czech.cz/en/work-study/education-and-studying/educational-system/ Official site of the Czech Republic (Ministry of Foreign Affairs) - Educational system]
* [http://www.mzv.cz/dublin/en/about_the_czech_republic/education_in_the_czech_republic/index.html Embassy of the Czech Republic in Dublin - The Czech Education System]
* [http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/ressources/eurydice/eurybase/pdf/0_integral/CZ_EN.pdf Eurybase - The Education System in the Czech Republic 2007/08 (EN - PDF - 356 pages)], by the Eurybase The Information Database on Education Systems in Europe
* [http://www.msmt.cz/uploads/Areas_of_work/legislation/IM_novelizovanyzakon561rijen2008a.pdf ACT No. 561 of 24th September 2004 on Pre-school, Basic, Secondary, Tertiary Professional and Other Education (the Education Act)] (EN- PDF - 140 pages).
* [http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/ressources/eurydice/pdf/041DN/041_CZ_EN.pdf Eurydice report "Structures of education, vocational training and adult education systems in Europe, 2008 Edition"] (PDF - 63 pages)

== Higher Education ==

''“Higher education institutions may be public, private or state institutions. The higher education institutions for the military and the police are state institutions.”''
: '''Source''': [http://www.muni.cz/general/legal_standards/higher_education_act Czech Higher Education Act - Section 2, paragraph 7]

The HE institutions can also be divided into three types according to the level of programmes offered:
* Universities offer Bachelors (primarily since the introduction of the two-cycle structure), Masters and Doctoral degrees
* Non-university HEIs offer Bachelors and some Masters degrees
* Tertiary professional schools offer three year specialist diplomas.

'''Note:'''
# Higher education institutions provide accredited degree programmes as well as '''lifelong learning programmes'''.
# With the exception of the tertiary professional schools that are clearly vocationally oriented, there is no attempt to differentiate the university and non-university sectors on the basis of a distinction between “academic” and “professional” orientation. Both sectors offer both types of programme.
# The '''[http://www.msmt.cz/areas-of-work/akreditacni-komise Ministry of Education, Youth and sports / Accreditation Commission]''' established in 1990 plays a key role in the assessment of proposals for new programmes, including whether institutions have the capacity to offer a higher level of qualification. The latter determines '''whether tertiary professional schools can obtain HEI status and whether non-university HEIs can become universities'''.

:'''Adapted from:''' “[http://www.msmt.cz/education/the-higher-edcation-act Act No. 111/1998 (Amended and Consolidated) on Higher Education Institutions and on Amendments and Supplements to some other Acts (The Higher Education Act)]” & “[http://www.oecd.org/LongAbstract/0,3425,en_2649_39263238_37730232_70363_119663_1_1,00.html Thematic Review of Tertiary Education - Country Note for the Czech Republic]” by Jon File, Thomas Weko, Arthur Hauptman, Bente Kristensen, Sabine Herlitschka, 2006, PDF – 89 pages

A different categorisation of HEIs is also stipulated in the '''Higher Education Act''': ''public higher education institutions may be divided into the following constituent parts:''
:a) faculties;
:b) higher education institution institutes;
:c) other units focusing on teaching, scholarly, scientific, research, development, artistic and other creative activities and units providing information services;
:d) specialized units for cultural and sports activities, accommodation and catering (in particular for members of the academic community) and operational units.
:'''Source:''' [http://www.muni.cz/general/legal_standards/higher_education_act Czech Higher Education Act - Chapter II. Division of Public Higher Education Institutions - Section 22], also in [http://www.msmt.cz/uploads/soubory/vysoke_skoly/07.09.10._FINAL_FINAL_HEA_MSMT_English_WEB.doc DOC]

'''Representative bodies of higher education institutions:'''

* [http://crc.muni.cz/index.en.shtml Czech Rectors' Conference (CZ)] which represents the universities in their dealings with the Ministry.
* [http://www.radavs.cz/clanek.php?oblast=9&c=724 Council of Higher Education Institutions (EN)] is a representative body that consists of members of academic communities (including academic staff members and students) of higher education institutions (university type as well as non-university type), delegated by their representative academic bodies, such as the academic senates.

“In general, as it is expressed in the Act, the Minister and the representatives of higher education institutions (the Council of Higher Education Institutions and Czech Rectors Conference) discuss proposals and measures that have a significant impact on higher education institutions. Pursuant to the Act, the Council of Higher Education Institutions and Czech Rectors Conference, as the representatives of higher education institutions, submit recommendations regarding the composition of the Accreditation Commission to the Minister.”
:'''Source''': [http://www.radavs.cz/clanek.php?oblast=9&c=724 Council of Higher Education Institutions (EN)]

'''Other relevant HE institutions:'''

The '''Centre for Higher Education Studies (CHES)''' is formed by four departments. Its major task is to conduct research into higher education ([http://www.csvs.cz/_en/structure/rd/index.shtml Research Department]). However it also performs other tasks aiming to make use of the research results. These concern open and distance education ([http://www.csvs.cz/_en/structure/ncde/index.shtml the National Centre for Distance Education]), the information about recognition and higher education in the Czech Republic and, where applicable, in other countries ([http://www.csvs.cz/_en/structure/cede/index.shtml the Centre for Equivalence of Documents about Education Czech ENIC/NARIC]), and implementation of European Union programmes in education ([http://www.naep.cz/ the National Agency for Educational Programmes of the European Union] – the Socrates programme).
: '''CHES Web site''': [http://www.csvs.cz/_en/ Centre for Higher Education Studies (CHES)] in Prague
: '''Source''': [http://nettskolen.nki.no/in_english/megatrends/Estonia.pdf MegaTrends in e-Learning Provision Report on Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Czech Republic (PDF - 9 pages)]

A list of private, state and public universities or colleges can be found at the [http://www.czech.cz/en/work-study/education-and-studying/educational-system/private-colleges/ Ministry of Foreign Affairs web site] and the [http://www.msmt.cz/international-cooperation-1/study-at-institutions-of-higher-education?lred=1 web site of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports].

[http://www.neisse-uni.org/ Neisse University] is a special case because it represents a network of co-operation between the Technical University of Liberec, the Wroclaw University of Technology and the University of Applied Sciences Zittau/Görlitz (FH). They offer 2 joint study courses: B.Sc. Information and Communication Management and M.Sc. Environmental Health & Safety Risk Management. Students stay at a different university each year. “At present, there are 37 Students - Poland 16, Czech Republic 12, Germany 8 and Non-EU 1 - enrolled in the study course on "Information and Communication Management".”

=== State Institutions of Higher Education ===
# [http://www.polac.cz/ Police Academy of the Czech Republic]
# [http://www.vabo.cz/ University of Defence]

=== Private Universities / Colleges in Czech Republic ===
"''Legal entities that have their domicile or central administration or carry out most of their commercial activities in a member country of the [[European Union]], or were organized or founded pursuant to the laws of a member country of the European Union, are entitled to operate as '''private higher education institutions''' if the Ministry grants them such approval.''"
:'''Source:''' [http://www.muni.cz/general/legal_standards/higher_education_act Czech Higher Education Act - Chapter II. Part III. Private HEIs, Section 39: State Approval, Paragraph 1] or [http://www.msmt.cz/uploads/soubory/vysoke_skoly/07.09.10._FINAL_FINAL_HEA_MSMT_English_WEB.doc DOC]

# [http://www.vspsv.cz/ Academia Rerum Civilium – College of Political and Social Sciences]
# [http://www.aauni.edu/ Anglo-American College]
# [http://www.bivs.cz/ Banking Institute/College of Banking (BICB)]
# [http://www.bibs.cz/ Brno International Business School]
# [http://www.vsp.cz/ Business School Ostrava]
# [http://www.vsci.cz/ CEVRO Institut]
# [http://www.vsap.cz/ College of Advanced Legal Studies]
# [http://www.hotskolabrno.cz/ College of Business and Hotel]
# [http://www.vsmie.cz/ College of Information Management and Business Administration]
# [http://www.vslg.cz/ College of Logistics]
# [http://www.vsrr.cz/ College of Regional Development]
# [http://www.vscrhl.cz/ College of Tourism, Hotel And Spa Management]
# [http://filmovka.cz/famo Film Academy of Miroslav Ondricek (FAMO)]
# [http://www.filmovka.cz/svosf Independent Film College in Písek ]
# [http://www.fdyson.cz/ Institut Franka Dysona]
# [http://www.vszdrav.cz/ Institut of nursing and midwifery]
# [http://www.vsfs.cz/ Institute of Finance and Administration (VSFS)]
# [http://www.vsh.cz/ Institute of Hospitality Management ]
# [http://www.ibts.cz/ International Baptist Theological Seminary of the European Baptist Federation ]
# [http://www.vsjak.cz/ Jan Amos Komensky University Prague]
# [http://www.vske.cz/ Karel Englis College]
# [http://www.lit-akad.cz/ Literary Academy]
# [http://www.mup.cz/ Metropolitan University Prague]
# [http://www.mvso.cz/ Moravian College Olomouc]
# [http://www.newtoncollege.cz/index.html?pageid=1&profil=1 NEWTON College]
# [http://www.palestra.cz/ PALESTRA]
# [http://www.pti.cz/ Prague Institute Of Technology]
# [http://www.viap.cz/ Prague University of Psychosocial Studies - PVŠPS Ltd.]
# [http://www.svse.cz/ Private College of Economic Studies Znojmo, Ltd.]
# [http://www.svses.cz/ Private College of Economic Studies, Ltd. (PCES)]
# [http://edukomplex.cz/ Private European Polytechnic Institute & Private College of Law]
# [http://www.ravys.cz/ RAŠÍN College Ltd.]
# [http://www.savs.cz/ Škoda Auto University]
# [http://www.sting.cz/ STING Academy]
# [http://www.vso-praha.cz/ The College of Business in Prague, o.p.s.]
# [http://www.vsers.cz/ The College of European and Regional Studies (VŠERS)]
# [http://www.unicorncollege.cz/en/ Unicorn College]
# [http://www.vip-vs.cz/ University College of International and Public Relations Prague]
# [http://www.vskv.cz/ University of Carlsbad]
# [http://www.vsem.cz/ University of Economics and Management ]
# [http://www.unyp.cz/ University of New York in Prague (UNYP)]
# [http://www.vsss.cz/ Vysoká škola sociálně-správní]

=== Public Universities / Colleges in Czech Republic ===
# [http://www.vsup.cz/ Academy of Arts, Architecture and Industrial Design in Prague]
# [http://www.avu.cz/ Academy of Fine Arts in Prague]
# [http://www.amu.cz/ Academy of Performing Arts in Prague]
# [[Brno University of Technology]] - more than 15,000 students – technical university
# [http://www.cuni.cz/ Charles University in Prague]
# [http://www.cvut.cz/ Czech Technical University in Prague]
# [http://www.czu.cz/en/ Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague] - almost 15.000 students
# [http://www.vscht.cz/ Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague]
# [http://www.vstecb.cz/ Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice]
# [http://www.ujep.cz/ J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem]
# [http://www.jamu.cz/ Janáček Academy of Music and Dramatic Arts in Brno]
# [http://www.muni.cz/ Masaryk University in Brno]
# [http://www.mendelu.cz/ Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno]
# [http://www.osu.cz/ Ostrava University in Ostrava]
# [http://www.upol.cz/ Palacký University in Olomouc]
# [http://www.vspji.cz/ Polytechnic College in Jihlava]
# [http://www.slu.cz/ Silesian University in Opava]
# [http://www.vslib.cz/ Technical University in Liberec]
# [http://www.vsb.cz/ Technical University of Ostrava (VŠB)]
# [http://www.utb.cz/ Tomas Bata University in Zlín]
# [http://www.vse.cz/ University of Economics, Prague]
# [http://www.uhk.cz/ University of Hradec Králové]
# [http://www.upce.cz/ University of Pardubice]
# [http://www.jcu.cz/ University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice]
# [http://www.vfu.cz/ University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Brno]
# [http://www.zcu.cz/ University of West Bohemia in Plzeň]

== Higher education reform ==

'''History'''
{|
|-valign="top"
| 1348 || Emperor Charles IV founded what is today the Charles University in Prague, which is the '''oldest academic institution in Central Europe'''
|-valign="top"
| 1717 || the beginnings of '''technical education''' as the Czech Corporative Engineer School was set up in Prague (from 1920 known as the Czech Technical University).
|-valign="top"
| 1811 || a conservatoire was founded and later (in 1946) the Academy of Fine Arts developed out of this.
|-valign="top"
| 1918 || the Czechoslovak Republic was established which established several HEIs focusing on agriculture and veterinary science, funded HEIs and guaranteed (by law) their '''autonomy''' and traditional academic freedoms. '''Access to higher education was free and equal''' for every person who had passed the maturitní zkouška, regardless of religious belief, nationality, mothertongue, sex etc.
|-valign="top"
| 1940-44 || WWII: during the German occupation all '''HEIs were closed down'''
|-valign="top"
| 1948 || the efforts to bring back higher education to the pre-war democratic traditions were brought to an end as the totalitarian regime gradually '''eliminated academic freedoms''' and all forms of autonomy and replaced them by centralist government and state planning. Access to higher education was subject to '''ideological bias''', which also had an impact on study content, the choice and career of HE teachers and the numerus clausus was introduced.
|-valign="top"
| 1950s || 5 technical HEIs / ''vysoké školy'' were established.
|-valign="top"
| 1984 || '''School Act of 1984''' laid down the structure and operation of the education system
|-valign="top"
| 1 July 1990 || '''Higher Education Act''' was approved and came into force, restored autonomy and academic freedoms of HEIs. It reestablished research and development at the HEIs (during the previous 40 years following a model of the Eastern block research was concentrated mainly in the Academy of Sciences). A '''medium duration alternative (Bachelor's) was introduced'''. The introduction of new fields of study and combinations of these began the process of diversification of the content and organisation of higher education.
|-valign="top"
| 1989 || the fall of the regime
|-valign="top"
| 1990 || a new law on state administration and self-government in education was passed in which the administration of education was taken out of the general state administration and transferred to the Ministry of Education (sectoral level).
|-valign="top"
| April 1998 || a '''new Higher Education Act''' was passed (in force on 1 July 1998) which limited state institution status only to military schools and schools of the Ministry of Interior, and while other institutions became public institutions with increased autonomy, it became possible to establish private institutions. The law distinguished between HEIs that offer all three types of study programmes – Bachelor’s, Master’s and doctoral (university type) and those that offer mainly Bachelor’s possibly Master’s study, but not doctoral (non-university type), enabled the establishment of private HEIs and strengthened the responsibilities of the Accreditation Commission. It established boards of trustees with the main task to give consent to property transfers, nevertheless, it gives opinion also on important strategic documents of the ''vysoká škola''/HEI or to its planned development. This was an incentive for a greater openness of the HEIs towards a region (society) and to mutual dialogue. (By the end of 2007 it had been amended 16 times and the amendments specified the responsibilities of HEIs in relation to their assets, with the aim of facilitating multi-source funding. The change in the structure introduced lifelong learning programmes as a part of accredited study programmes.)
|-valign="top"
| 2001 || structure of study linked to the '''Bologna Process''': the '''three-cycle structure''' of HE study has strictly been introduced and the duration of a Master's study following on from a Bachelor's study (previously 2-3 years and now 1-3 years) has been changed.
|-valign="top"
| 2004/05 || most students have been accepted to a Bachelor's study programme. Integrated 4-6 year study programmes are still running parallel are either those in which accreditation has not expired yet or specific disciplines e.g. medicine, veterinary studies, pharmacy and others selected by the Accreditation Commission. Since 2006 the length of doctoral study has been set to 3-4 standard years of study from the previous 3 years and students do not obtain anymore the certificate on state exam (newly the diploma supplement is issued together with a diploma).
|}

:'''Note''': Amendments and additions to the School Act from 1990 to 2004 also include a new type of post-secondary education was introduced – ''Vyšší odborné školy'' ('''tertiary professional schools'''), which have replaced the previous ''pomaturitní studium'' (post-secondary study). The post-secondary study offered studies towards a qualification, specialisation or innovation and was considered as upper secondary education. ''Vyšší odborné školy'' (tertiary professional schools), however, are classified as tertiary education.

:'''Adapted from''': [http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/ressources/eurydice/eurybase/pdf/0_integral/CZ_EN.pdf Eurybase - The Education System in the Czech Republic 2007/08 (EN - PDF - 356 pages)], by the Eurybase The Information Database on Education Systems in Europe (mainly p. 13-14 and p. 146-147)

=== The Bologna Process ===
On the occasion of 700 years of Sorbonne, ministries responsible for higher education from [[France]], [[Germany]], [[Italy]] and the [[United Kingdom]] signed the ''Joint Declaration on Harmonisation of the Architecture of the European Higher Education System'' ('''[http://www.bologna.msmt.cz/?id=DeklaraceSorbonna the Sorbonne Declaration] (PDF in [http://www.bologna.msmt.cz/files/DeklaraceSorbonnaEN.pdf EN]/[http://www.bologna.msmt.cz/files/DeklaraceSorbonna.pdf CZ])''') in Paris in May 1998. They committed to creating an '''open European Higher Education Area''' system, based on structured programmes. The Declaration emphasises importance of the first-degree cycle which is considered necessary to the whole scheme: “''International recognition of the first cycle titles verifying appropriate level of qualification is important for success of this intention which aims at making higher education open to all people.''” The Declaration also decided on another important challenge: society brings a dynamic development which challenges higher education institutions: to create such an institution which is able to answer the requirements and needs of '''Lifelong Learning''', which has become increasingly necessary. '''Mobility''' of higher education students and academic staff is considered key and also an inevitable part of real European integration. Therefore these 4 ministers (from FR, DE, IT, UK) acknowledged the daring vision ''“to enable a higher education student to spend minimally one semester of study at a foreign higher education institution and to recognize the study abroad a part of a student´s study programme”''. The '''Czech Republic''', among 6 countries(BE, BG, DK, RO, CH), agreed with the Declaration.

In June 1999 31 ministries responsible for HEI from 29 European countries met in Bologna and signed the declaration on establishing a European Higher Education Area by 2010 (the '''[http://www.bologna.msmt.cz/?id=DeklaraceBologna Bologna Declaration (EN)]''' (PDF in [http://www.bologna.msmt.cz/files/DeklaraceBolognaEN.pdf EN]/[http://www.bologna.msmt.cz/files/DeklaraceBologna.pdf CZ]). The Declaration stated '''six objectives''' which are the essence of the Bologna Process:
# adoption of a system of easily '''readable and comparable degrees'''
# adoption of a system essentially based on '''two main cycles''', undergraduate and graduate
# establishment of a system of '''credits''' – such as in the '''[[ECTS]]'''
# promotion of '''mobility''' by overcoming obstacles to the free movement of students, teachers, researchers and administrative staff
# promotion of European co-operation in '''quality assurance'''
# promotion of the necessary '''European dimensions''' in higher education.

'''Source''': [http://www.bologna.msmt.cz/?lng=EN The Bologna Process]
Since 2000, the Transformation and Development Programme has been established to support Bologna action lines including the development of Bachelor’s degree studies and the restructuring of traditional higher education courses into two cycles (Bachelor’s and Master’s).

'''Relevant Documents:'''
*[http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/Eurydice/showPresentation?pubid=085EN Eurydice - Focus on the structure of higher education in Europe. National trends in the Bologna Process - 2006/07 Edition / Country Report / Czech Republic] (EN - [http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/ressources/eurydice/pdf/085DN/085_CZ_EN.pdf PDF)]
* Re.ViCa wiki page on [[Bologna_Process]]

The HE institutions are divided into three types according to the level of programmes offered:
* Universities offer Bachelors (primarily since the introduction of the two-cycle structure), Masters and Doctoral degrees
* Non-university HEIs offer Bachelors and some Masters degrees
* Tertiary professional schools offer three year specialist diplomas.

:'''Adapted from:''' “[http://www.msmt.cz/education/the-higher-edcation-act Act No. 111/1998 (Amended and Consolidated) on Higher Education Institutions and on Amendments and Supplements to some other Acts (The Higher Education Act)]” & “[http://www.oecd.org/LongAbstract/0,3425,en_2649_39263238_37730232_70363_119663_1_1,00.html Thematic Review of Tertiary Education - Country Note for the Czech Republic]” by Jon File, Thomas Weko, Arthur Hauptman, Bente Kristensen, Sabine Herlitschka, 2006, PDF – 89 pages

'''Time limitations''': The 2001 Amendment of the Act on HEIs made the three-cycle structure compulsory with very strictly limited exceptions. The complete model is 3-4 years for Bachelor’s, 1-3 years for Master’s and 3-4 years for doctoral studies. In the case of non-structured long study programmes, the Master’s lasts 4-6 years. A doctoral programme may follow any Master’s qualification. It is not possible to enter doctoral studies after a Bachelor’s degree programme.

:'''Source:''' [http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/Eurydice/showPresentation?pubid=085EN Eurydice - Focus on the structure of higher education in Europe. National trends in the Bologna Process - 2006/07 Edition / Country Report / Czech Republic] (EN - [http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/ressources/eurydice/pdf/085DN/085_CZ_EN.pdf PDF)]

:'''Relevant Resources''': [http://www.bologna.msmt.cz/?lng=EN The Bologna Process web site] (EN).

'''Master’s Degree programmes - Czech terms''': one of the academic degrees for graduates of Master’s degree programmes is “'''Magistr'''”, and those that hold this degree are entitled to take an advanced Master’s (“'''rigorózní'''”) state examination in the same area of study and defend a thesis in order to receive one of the following academic degrees: Doctor of Law (JUDr.), Doctor of Philosophy (PhDr.), Doctor of Natural Sciences (RNDr.), Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmDr.), Licentiate of Theology (ThLic.), Doctor of Theology (ThDr.)
:'''Source:''' [http://www.muni.cz/general/legal_standards/higher_education_act Czech Higher Education Act - PART III Private Higher Education Institutions - Part IV Degree Programmes - Section 46. Master’s Degree programmes] or [http://www.msmt.cz/uploads/soubory/vysoke_skoly/07.09.10._FINAL_FINAL_HEA_MSMT_English_WEB.doc DOC]

'''ECTS'''

''"ECTS is not stipulated in legislation, although the award of credits and their definition are mentioned in the 2001 Amendment of the Act on HEIs. Nevertheless, all public higher education institutions have introduced ECTS or ECTS-compatible credit systems. A quick survey performed among HEIs in 2005 showed that public HEIs do not make full use of the ECTS potential and that only some private HEIs have introduced it. ECTS is also used for some doctoral programmes.''

''Such as was one of the objectives for the Bologna Process, the student mobility and flexibility, is an important aspect of the ECTS credit system: "The accumulative function of ECTS has recently been used by many places of higher education."''

:'''Source:''' [http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/Eurydice/showPresentation?pubid=085EN Eurydice - Focus on the structure of higher education in Europe. National trends in the Bologna Process - 2006/07 Edition / Country Report / Czech Republic] (EN - [http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/ressources/eurydice/pdf/085DN/085_CZ_EN.pdf PDF)]

:'''Relevant Resources''': [http://www.bologna.msmt.cz/?id=K080415 The Bologna Process web site / ECTS – its role and opportunities for the Czech tertiary system] (EN), a seminar held within the "Bologna Experts" project

== Administration and finance ==

''"Higher education institutions are legal entities"''
:'''Source:''' [http://www.muni.cz/general/legal_standards/higher_education_act Czech Higher Education Act - Section 2, Paragraph 2] or [http://www.msmt.cz/uploads/soubory/vysoke_skoly/07.09.10._FINAL_FINAL_HEA_MSMT_English_WEB.doc DOC]

''The '''autonomy of public higher education institutions''' encompasses the following fields in particular:''
:a) '' internal organization;''
:b) ''determination of the number of applicants to be admitted to studies, the conditions for admission to studies and decision-making during the admission procedures;''
:c) ''the design and implementation of degree programmes;''
:d) ''the organization of studies;''
:e) ''decision-making with regard to students’ rights and obligations;''
:f) ''objectives of scholarly, scientific, research, development, artistic and other creative activities and their organization;''
:g) ''conditions of employment and determination of the numbers of academic staff and other personnel;''
:h) '' the procedures for conferring “venium docendi” (habilitation) and for the appointment of professors;''
:i) '' cooperation with other higher education institutions and legal entities as well as international relations;''
:j) '' the establishment of autonomous academic bodies at the higher education institution, unless stipulated otherwise by this Act;''
:k) '' financial management of the higher education institution and management of assets in compliance with special regulations;''
:l) '' the fixing of study-related fees.''

:'''Source:''' [http://www.muni.cz/general/legal_standards/higher_education_act Czech Higher Education Act - Section 6, Paragraph 1] or [http://www.msmt.cz/uploads/soubory/vysoke_skoly/07.09.10._FINAL_FINAL_HEA_MSMT_English_WEB.doc DOC]

'''Funding'''

The '''main sources of funding''' for public higher education institutions are as follows:
:a) a weighted grant from the state budget for teaching, scholarly, scientific, research, development, artistic and other creative activities (“the block grant”);
:b) a subsidy from the state budget (hereinafter “the subsidy”);
:c) study-related fees;
:d) income from property owned by the institution;
:e) other sources of funding or other grants than those listed in paragraph a) from the state budget, state funds, the National Fund and municipal and regional budgets;
:f) income from supplementary activities;
:g) income from donations and bequests.

:'''Source:''' [http://www.muni.cz/general/legal_standards/higher_education_act Czech Higher Education Act - Section 18. The Budget of a Public Higher Education Institution. Paragraph 2] or [http://www.msmt.cz/uploads/soubory/vysoke_skoly/07.09.10._FINAL_FINAL_HEA_MSMT_English_WEB.doc DOC]

''"A public higher education institution is '''entitled to a subsidy''' for higher education institution development. In particular, it may receive subsidies in support of student accommodation and meals. The conditions pertaining to subsidies, their use and settlement are laid down in the general regulations relating to funding from the state budget 8d) as well as in special regulations relating to support for research and development 8e). The '''strategic plan''' of the public higher education institution and the strategic plan of the Ministry are critical in determining the amount of subsidies."''(Paragraph 5)

''The following funds are to be established by public higher education institutions:''
:a) ''a reserve fund, whose main purpose is to cover losses during subsequent accounting periods;''
:b) ''a capital assets regeneration fund;''
:c) ''a scholarship and bursary fund;
:d) ''a fund for bonuses;''
:e) ''a fund for earmarked financial resources;''
:f) ''a social fund;''
:g) ''a fund for operational purposes.'' (Paragraph 6)

:'''Source:''' [http://www.muni.cz/general/legal_standards/higher_education_act Czech Higher Education Act - Section 18. The Budget of a Public Higher Education Institution. Paragraphs 5 and 6] or [http://www.msmt.cz/uploads/soubory/vysoke_skoly/07.09.10._FINAL_FINAL_HEA_MSMT_English_WEB.doc DOC]

''"Higher education institutions receive '''funds from the state''' budget both for running and capital costs; the proportion was 75:25. Running costs are funded mainly on the per capita principle: institutions are financed mostly on the basis of their performance which is determined by extent of per capita amounts (annual unit costs of study in a study programme) and number of persons that undergo the study. Funding of R&D is allocated mostly on contractual principle. Regulation is adjusted every year which make it possible to influence activities of HEIs in accordance with developmental priorities."''

:'''Source''': [http://www.msmt.cz/areas-of-work/educational-system Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports / Educational System / Administrative control and extent of public-sector funded education]

Schools are usually funded by the state through the '''budget of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) and budgets of regional authorities and municipalities'''. The funding is based mostly on the per capita method. The financial means for staff costs, textbooks and teaching aids are allocated by the Ministry to regional authorities. The operational costs and investment of nursery, primary, secondary and higher vocational schools are covered by the regional or local authorities. Universities are funded by the Ministry Public expenditure on education reached 4.5 % of GDP in 2001.

:'''Source''': [http://www.mzv.cz/dublin/en/about_the_czech_republic/education_in_the_czech_republic/index.html Embassy of the Czech Republic in Dublin - The Czech Education System]

''"The Ministry may provide private higher education institutions classified as public benefit associations12) with subsidies for providing accredited degree programmes and lifelong learning programmes as well as related scholarly, scientific, research, development, artistic and other creative activities. The Ministry may offer private higher education institutions subsidies for scholarships and bursaries listed in paragraph 91 (2) d) and subsection 91 (3). Conditions pertaining to subsidies, their use and settlement are subject to general regulations on the use of financial resources from the state budget."''
:'''Source:''' [http://www.muni.cz/general/legal_standards/higher_education_act Czech Higher Education Act - Part III. Private HEIs, Chapter II., Section 40 - Financing of Private Higher Education Institutions, Paragraph 2] or [http://www.msmt.cz/uploads/soubory/vysoke_skoly/07.09.10._FINAL_FINAL_HEA_MSMT_English_WEB.doc DOC]

* '''State HEI''' (military and police): 1% of students. Supervised and funded directly by the respective ministries
* '''Private HEI''': less than 10% of all students. Received 0,08% of public higher education expenditures in 2005 so self-financing through student fees (usually 90% of all income)
* '''Public HEI''': more than 90% of all students. Over 90% of all income at 17 of the 24 Czech public HEIs was public sources.

Other income sources of the public HEIs include property revenues, services to students, extra teaching activities, R & D activities and study related fees.

'''Adapted from:''' “[http://www.oecd.org/LongAbstract/0,3425,en_2649_35961291_38307973_70363_119663_1_1,00.html Funding Systems and Their Effects on Higher Education Systems COUNTRY STUDY – Czech Republic]” by Petr Pabian, Marek Melichar, Helena Šebková for the Centre for Higher Education Studies, Prague, 2006, PDF – 20 pages

'''Student numbers'''

The tertiary professional schools enrol only 30,000 students or 9 percent of the total number of students in the country.

'''The Higher Education Act of 1998''' made provision for the establishment of private higher education institutions of both the university and non-university type. Since then 39 private higher education institutions - all of the non-university type - have been founded and together they enrol more than 20,000 students or some 6 to 7 percent of the total student body.

'''Adapted from:''' “[http://www.msmt.cz/education/the-higher-edcation-act Act No. 111/1998 (Amended and Consolidated) on Higher Education Institutions and on Amendments and Supplements to some other Acts (The Higher Education Act)]” & “[http://www.oecd.org/LongAbstract/0,3425,en_2649_39263238_37730232_70363_119663_1_1,00.html Thematic Review of Tertiary Education - Country Note for the Czech Republic]” by Jon File, Thomas Weko, Arthur Hauptman, Bente Kristensen, Sabine Herlitschka, 2006, PDF – 89 pages

'''Bursaries for the students''''

''“The student representative body, Student Chamber of the Council of Higher Education Institutions, insists on state's dominant role in higher education funding and resolutely opposes introduction of student fees. It also calls for the development of a national student welfare system.”''

'''Source:''' “[http://www.oecd.org/LongAbstract/0,3425,en_2649_35961291_38307973_70363_119663_1_1,00.html Funding Systems and Their Effects on Higher Education Systems COUNTRY STUDY – Czech Republic]” by Petr Pabian, Marek Melichar, Helena Šebková for the Centre for Higher Education Studies, Prague, 2006, (PDF – 20 pages)

== Quality assurance ==

'''Accreditation Commission'''

In the Czech Republic the '''Accreditation Commission''' is responsible for the Quality Assurance of tertiary education. The commission is directed by the [http://www.msmt.cz '''Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports''' (MEYS)]] and it ''takes care of the quality of higher education and performs comprehensive evaluation'' of educational, scholarly, research, developmental, artistic or other creative activity of higher education institutions. The commission reviews among other matters the applications for '''accreditation''' of study programmes; granting the state permission to a legal entity desiring to '''operate as a private''' higher education institution and determination of the '''type''' of a higher education institution.

:('''Source:''' Article 1)

The commission focuses especially on a) evaluation of institution’s activities and b) evaluation of '''quality''' of institution’s '''accredited''' activities. For the first focus the commission usually chooses one or more institution(s) performing similar accredited study programmes while for the second focus the commission establishes a special work group (SWG). The evaluation follows this basic method:
:a) the special work group (SWG) prepares a '''questionnaire''' for evaluation, which is filled in by the evaluated institution,
:c) the SWG '''reviews''' the filled in questionnaire and eventual other required information, including a visit of at least three members of the SWG to the evaluated institution,
:d) the SWG elaborates on a '''report''' and provides information to the Rector, dean or director of the institution about its content,
:e) the SWG organises a '''discussion''' concerning its evaluation report with the institution's Rector, dean or director, where they discuss the '''adoption of conclusions and recommendations''' of the commission related to the evaluated institution,
:f) the commission publishes a '''publication of conclusions and recommendations''' of the related to the evaluated institution, a '''publication of evaluation report''' and the eventual opinion of the Rector, dean or director of institution concerning the evaluation report.

:('''Source:''' Article 3)

'''Source''': [http://www.msmt.cz/areas-of-work/the-statute-of-the-accreditation-commission The Statute of the Accreditation Commission (EN)], 2004, also in [http://www.msmt.cz/uploads/soubory/akak/anglicka_verze/the_statute_of_the_ac2004.doc .DOC] format (article 1 and 3)

'''International networks'''

The Accreditation Commission is a full member of the '''European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education (ENQA)''' as you can see on its [http://www.enqa.eu/agencydet.lasso?id=17&cont=member member page].
:'''Related documents:''' Re.ViCa wiki page about [[ENQA| ENQA]] or the network's web site [http://www.enqa.eu| ENQA]

Since 1996, the Czech Republic has also been a member of the '''International Network for Quality Assurance Agencies in Higher Education (INQAAHE)''', which main purpose is to collect and disseminate information on current and developing theory and practice in the assessment, improvement and maintenance of quality in higher education.
:'''Related document''': [http://www.inqaahe.org/ International Network for Quality Assurance Agencies in Higher Education (INQAAHE) web site]

The country is a founding member of the '''Network of Central and Eastern European Quality Assurance Agencies in Higher Education (CEE Network)''', established in 2001 and which succeeds the Regional Subnetwork of the International Network of Quality Assurance Agencies in Higher Education (established November 19, 2000).
:'''Related document''': [http://www.ceenetwork.hu/ Network of Central and Eastern European Quality Assurance Agencies in Higher Education (CEE Network) web site] (do not confuse with http://www.ceenetwork.org!)

'''Source''': [http://www.msmt.cz/areas-of-work/akreditacni-komise Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports / Accreditation Commission]

''"The [http://www.muni.cz/general/legal_standards/higher_education_act 1998 Act on Higher Education] states that internal evaluation is considered as a precondition and the point of departure for setting the Long-Term Plan of HEIs in the area of education and research and development. The internal evaluation of a HEI is also a preparatory phase for its external evaluation by the Accreditation Commission."'''
:'''Sources:'''
:*[http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/Eurydice/showPresentation?pubid=085EN Eurydice - Focus on the structure of higher education in Europe. National trends in the Bologna Process - 2006/07 Edition / Country Report / Czech Republic] (EN - [http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/ressources/eurydice/pdf/085DN/085_CZ_EN.pdf PDF)]
:*[http://www.muni.cz/general/legal_standards/higher_education_act Czech Higher Education Act - Part III. Private HEIs, Chapter II., Section 40 - Financing of Private Higher Education Institutions, Paragraph 2] or [http://www.msmt.cz/uploads/soubory/vysoke_skoly/07.09.10._FINAL_FINAL_HEA_MSMT_English_WEB.doc DOC]

'''Relevant Documents''': [http://www.aic.lv/bolona/Bologna/Bol_semin/Warsaw_acr/050214-16_Sojka-speech.pdf Quality assurance system in the Czech Republic - Higher Education (PDF - EN)], 2003 , by Milan Sojka, Accreditation Commission, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports

A PTT presentation about Higher Education Quality Assurance provides a view into the problems the Accreditation Commission is faced with
* At the national system level, '''accreditation remains the basic tool for assuring quality''' (measured as state wide threshold standard)
* Programme accreditation procedures demands have led to '''overloading''' of the Accreditation Commission (preventing it from performing institutional evaluations to a larger extent)
* There are inextensive nationally coordinated benchmarking activities too ([http://www.csvs.cz/_en/ Centre for Higher Education Studies])
* At the institutional level, there has been practically '''no genuine and comprehensive self-assessment by a higher educational institution''' (with a few exceptions: [http://www.eua.be/events/iep/home/ EUA Institutional Evaluation], Salzburg Seminar Universities Project)
* Most institutions organize course evaluation (but this mostly helps to identify extremes in teaching quality and there is common problem with the return-rate of questionnaires)
* Some institutions organize other surveys targeting various groups (students, but also staff, alumni etc.)
* Programme evaluation/assessment remains generally underdeveloped (due to the lack of an appropriate learning outcomes concept)

The '''National Qualifications Framework for Tertiary Education''' (NQF) which is under development by 2009 will define the nationally agreed learning outcomes expected at each cycle and level of higher education. This Framework contains a proposal for two types of descriptors applicable at each cycle and level: general (generic descriptors applicable to all qualifications) and sectoral (specific for a cluster of programmes/disciplines)

'''Source''': [http://www.su.lt/filemanager/download/4550/3.Jiri_Nantl.ppt Quality assurance Higher education development and reforms (EN - PPT)], 2008, by Jiří Nantl, Masaryk University/Council of Higher Education/National Board for Qualifications, Czech Republic

== Czech Republic's HEIs in the information society ==

=== Towards the information society ===
'''Web connectivity'''

''"The Czech Republic has the most Wi-Fi subscribers in the European Union."''
:'''Source''': [http://www.ey.com/global/content.nsf/Czech_Republic_E/2007_WiFi_survey_EN 2007 WiFi survey EN], [http://www.volweb.cz/horvitz/os-info/czech.html openspectrum.info - Czech Republic]

''"By the beginning of 2008 there was over 800 mostly local WISPs (Source: [http://translate.google.com/translate?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.internetprovsechny.cz%2Fwifi-poskytovatele.php&hl=cs&ie=UTF8&sl=cs&tl=en internetprovsechny.cz], translated into EN, 2008), [http://translate.google.com/translate?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bezdratovepripojeni.cz&hl=cs&ie=UTF8&sl=cs&tl=en bezdratovepripojeni.cz, translated into EN, 2008]) with about 350 000 subscribers in 2007. Mobile internet is quite popular. Plans based on either [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gprs GPRS], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhanced_Data_Rates_for_GSM_Evolution EDGE], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umts UMTS] or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDMA2000 CDMA2000] are being offered by all three mobile phone operators ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-Mobile T-Mobile], [http://en.wikipedia.org/Vodafone Vodafone], [http://en.wikipedia.org/Telefonica|Telefonica O2]) and U:fon. Government-owned Český Telecom slowed down broadband penetration. At the beginning of 2004, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wikilocal loop unbundling] began, and alternative operators started to offer ADSL (and also SDSL). This, and later privatisation of Český Telecom helped drive down prices. On July 1, 2006, Český Telecom was renamed to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wikiTelefónica O2 Czech Republic]. As of January 2006, ADSL2+ is offered in many variants, both with data limit and without with speeds up to 10 Mbit/s. Cable internet is gaining popularity with its higher download speeds beginning at 2 Mbit/s up to 20 Mbit/s. The biggest ISP, UPC (which has bought another CATV internet provider Karneval in 2007) is providing its service in big cities ([http://en.wikipedia.org/Prague Prague], [http://en.wikipedia.org/Brno Brno], [http://en.wikipedia.org/Ostrava Ostrava])''

''The Czech Republic first tackled the question of the Information Society in 1998 and produced the ‘'''State Information Policy'''’ in May 1999 which was based on an earlier document entitled ‘The Main Principles of Telecommunications Policy’ originally produced in 1994. Overall responsibility for ICT policy now comes under the Ministry of Information Technologies established in January 2003. However, each local government area is responsible for implementation locally. There are also central government bodies responsible for gathering statistics relevant to ICT. The government is trying to provide incentives for e-commerce and has taken a number of initiatives to build e-market places including giving Cesky Telecom, the national operator, a subsidiary to do so. In 2000, the government also created an integral site giving information on all public tenders and auctions and customs declarations are mostly submitted online. The government is also committed to heightening public awareness of ecommerce and strengthening the infrastructure to support this."''

:'''Source:''' [http://ec.europa.eu/education/programmes/elearning/doc/studies/market_annex1a_en.pdf The eLearning industry and market in Europe, Lot 1, Appendix to Synthesis Report (PDF - EN - 214 pages] by Danish Technological Institute, Competence and IT/Analyses

The more recent policy is the '''State Information and Communications Policy (e-Czech 2006)''' which sets the Czech Government’s strategy for the development of the Information Society for the period 2004-2006. The strategy complies with the priorities of the [[European Union]] while at the same time reflecting the specific situation of the Czech Republic.
:'''Source:''' [http://www.epractice.eu/document/2771 State Information and Communications Policy (e-Czech 2006)], 2004, ([http://www.epractice.eu/resource/263 PDF] - EN/CZ)

"'''''Czech Efficient Learning Node (CELN)''', the former '''Czech E-learning Network''', was founded in September 17th 2002 as a public association in order to promote and develop e-learning and use of information and communication technologies. Mission of CELN is promotion of effective use of information technologies, multimedia tools and online content in frontal teaching both on elementary, secondary and tertiary school level. Besides, CELN also promotes e-learning in the field of adult education and in commercial sphere.''

''Promotion of ICT on the national and European level also includes participating in national and European Union projects. CELN is a partner in two EU projects co-funded by EU (EU finances 50% of the overall project costs) 6th Framework Programme for years 2002–2006. Both our projects eMapps.com and AtGentive are realised under the scheme of 6th Framework Programme, which is focused on building European Research Area. In both projects is CELN engaged as a testing site and national project coordinator. On the national level is association taking active part in trainings for public related to EU project issues, such as presenting the new project calls, explanatory sessions for the EU project funding system, issues related to the projects management in EU etc.''"
: '''Source:''' [http://www.celn.cz/ Czech Efficient Learning Node (CELN)]

;;;Related Documents''':
* [http://www.euser-eu.org/ShowCase.asp?CaseTitleID=589&CaseID=1226&MenuID=109 eUser > eLearning country report for CZECH REPUBLIC]] by Jaroslav Havlicek, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC

=== Information society strategy ===
"The Czech Republic is part of the '''eEurope Action Plan''' that has the objectives of:
* Accelerating the putting in place of the basic building blocks for the Information Society
* Providing a cheaper, faster securer Internet
* Investing in people and skills
* Stimulating the use of the Internet

For the Czech Republic, this has meant implementing the policy ‘Internet for Schools’, securing infrastructure, accessibility and training in ICT for primary and secondary schools – a project with a budget of € 250 million and 2005 as a timeframe. The universities are also included in the government strategy by upgrading the Internet connections of the already existing educational network, CESNET (Czech National Research and Education Network)."

'''Source:''' [http://ec.europa.eu/education/programmes/elearning/doc/studies/market_annex1a_en.pdf The eLearning industry and market in Europe, Lot 1, Appendix to Synthesis Report (PDF - EN - 214 pages] by Danish Technological Institute, Competence and IT/Analyses

'''Modes of Study'''

"There are three modes of study: on-site, distance or a combination of these (combined studies)."
:'''Source''': [http://www.muni.cz/general/legal_standards/higher_education_act Higher Education Act - Part IV, Degree Programmes, Section 44, Paragraph 4]

Other terms are:
* on-site is attendance form, formerly daily study
* distance form, formerly extramural studies
* combined study is sometimes also known as blended learning

Besides standard types of study, colleges offer also other forms of education: retraining study, university for seniors, studies oriented toward pedagogical qualification, etc.
:'''Source''': [http://www.mzv.cz/dublin/en/about_the_czech_republic/education_in_the_czech_republic/index.html Embassy of the Czech Republic in Dublin - The Czech Education System]

'''Distance Education'''

In the Czech Republic, there is also the [http://www.csvs.cz/_en/structure/ncde/index.shtml National Centre for Distance Education (NCDE)] /''Národní centrum distančního vzdělávání (NCDiV)'', which is a department of the [http://www.csvs.cz/_en/ Centre for Higher Education Studies (CHES)] and is responsible for:
* Co-ordination of development of distance education method within the scope of lifelong learning in Czech Republic
* Research into theory and practice of distance education
* Research into evaluation methods of educational effectivity of distance education
* Research of ICT application in pedagogical process within tertiary education
* Research in the field of further education of teachers and study of development of lifelong learning in the Czech Republic
* Training of experts for distance education incl. training of trainers
* Creation and administration of the information databases
* Special library services

== Virtual Initiatives ==
Go to [[Virtual Initiatives in Czech Republic]]

== Lessons learnt ==

== References ==
* [http://www.czech.cz Official web site of the Czech Republic] (operated by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic)
* [http://www.vlada.cz Government of the Czech Republic]
* [http://www.msmt.cz/education/higher-education Ministry of Higher Education & Sports – Education – Higher Education]
* [http://www.oecd.org/infobycountry/0,3380,en_2649_39263238_1_70363_119663_1_1,00.html Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development: (OECD) Czech Republic > Country Surveys/Reviews/Guides]
* “[http://nettskolen.nki.no/in_english/megatrends/Estonia.pdf MegaTrends in e-Learning Provision Report on Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Czech Republic]” (PDF – 9 pages)
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